膨胀岩土地层盾构隧道结构力学行为研究

文章在提出膨胀接触压力概念的基础上,采用接触单元对膨胀接触压力和膨胀力的关系进行了研究,得出了膨胀接触压力与膨胀岩土分布、厚度、结构及地层刚度等的关系;同时对膨胀岩土地层中盾构隧道"荷载-结构"模式外荷载及"梁-弹簧"模型的特点进行了分析;并将其分析结果直接应用到成都地铁2号线膨胀岩土地层盾构隧道的结构分析中,得出了盾构隧道在不同膨胀岩土层、膨胀力、埋深和拼装方式条件下的结构内力值,对隧道结构设计起到了指导作用。     

基于湿度应力场理论的膨胀土边坡稳定分析

边坡土体中的膨胀力是导致膨胀土边坡失稳的主要原因之一。文章基于湿度应力场理论,采用ANSYS软件的热传导分析功能模拟分析边坡的降雨入渗以及膨胀变形,并采用有限元强度折减法对不同条件下边坡安全系数进行计算,分析了膨胀土边坡稳定规律,为膨胀土边坡处治提供理论依据。     

膨胀土路基处治技术

通过对膨胀土的工程性质、路基处治措施及压实标准的分析,探讨了在膨胀土地区填筑高等级公路路基应注意的问题及处治措施.     

含水率和干密度对膨胀土电阻率的影响研究

文章以膨胀土为研究对象,通过开展不同含水率和干密度条件下的二相电极法电阻率试验,明确含水率和干密度对膨胀土电阻率的影响规律,分析讨论非饱和膨胀土中的导电路径,明确土体电阻率在不同含水率和干密度条件下的变化机理,建立统一的函数模型,为电阻率法在膨胀土工程的应用提供科学依据,进一步推动岩土工程领域的发展,为膨胀土工程建设和运营安全提供理论参考。     

膨胀土地层中盾构隧道管片结构受力分析与对策研究

针对成都地铁2号线部分区间穿越由粘性土、卵石、泥岩组成的膨胀性地层的工程实践,采用数值模拟的方法计算和分析了在膨胀土位于管片结构周围不同位置时,在不同的膨胀接触压力下,管片结构的变形和内力情况.计算结果分析表明:当膨胀土位于隧道下方或上方时,膨胀土的膨胀将会增大管片结构的变形和内力,对于这类区段,隧道设计上应增加配筋量或采用通缝拼装方式;施工上要避免引起周围地下水位发生变化,应增强管片防水性及保证注浆质量.     

可膨胀套管螺纹连接上扣状态仿真分析

膨胀套管多为直连型螺纹连接,套管螺纹的膨胀性能仿真分析对膨胀管的现场应用具有较大的指导意义,而套管螺纹连接上扣状态的仿真是螺纹连接膨胀性能仿真的前提。文中用螺纹三维实体模型得到轴向与径向过盈量的关系,用过盈量来模拟上扣扭矩,并用此种方法得出了Φ146×8套管API偏梯形锥螺纹（锥度为1∶24）上扣过程中轴向过盈量与径向过盈量的关系为δl/δr=1/17.8,并通过对上扣扭矩的等效处理得出了此种型号螺纹连接的最佳上扣扭矩为2 207.9～2 750.6 N.m.     

膨胀土填方路基边坡滑坡成因分析及治理方案研究

文章依托南宁坛洛至百色高速公路K711+430～K711+480段膨胀土填方路基滑坡处治项目,开展膨胀土路基边坡滑坡的成因分析及治理方案研究。通过现场踏勘、理论分析、模拟计算,结合现场地质情况与交通安全因素,提出了抗滑桩治理方案,并进行施工关键技术总结。结果表明：干湿循环作用会造成膨胀土面开裂,水的浸入会造成深部膨胀土的膨胀,诱发滑坡;滑坡前缘抗滑桩对土体形成直接支挡,限制滑动体向前滑出,膨胀力向坡面释放;设计抗滑桩支挡方案后,正常工况与非正常工况下最不利滑动面稳定性系数均能满足要求。研究成果可为今后填方路堤病害处治工程提供参考。     

高速公路膨胀土地段路基施工技术探究

膨胀土的胀缩特点,给工程施工进展及质量产生很大影响,探究膨胀土的处理办法也逐渐得到相关专业人士的重视.本文首先阐述了对膨胀土的辨别及种类,再通过实际案例详细分析了高速公路膨胀土路基填筑技术,以供考量.     

高速公路膨胀土路基处理探讨

文章对膨胀土的物理力学进行了分析,解释了路基病害形成的机理,提出了相应处理措施,最后引用小河-安康高速公路膨胀土处理的实例验证了处理措施的合理性.     

膨胀土地基的特性及处理

通过对膨胀土工程特性分析,结合对膨胀土地基有效处理的经验,提出对膨胀土地基处理的要点,供大家参考。     

Forecasting automobile sales: the Peña-Box approach

As a response to growing concerns regarding the call for clean energy and its impact on future automobile sales, this study uses a classical factor model and the Peña-Box model to examine the contemporary and time-varying relationships of different brands/models of cars in Taiwan between 2003 and 2007. In this paper, we demonstrate the complementary characteristics of these two analytical and forecasting methods. The results confirm that these two models can derive equally important but different information from the same time series data. Furthermore, the models are a useful marketing tool for discovering the current preferences of car purchasers, as well as their preference changes over time.     

Approximate procedures for planning public transit systems: A review and some examples

The approximate analytical models of public transit systems are reviewed. First, the derivation and formation of the standard model form is presented. Once the model is explained in general terms some practical planning applications are considered and evaluated. The model type presents an invaluable tool to the transit planner but a few operational problems need to be considered. Further benefits to the planning professionals would be realized if researchers were to devote more effort to sensitivity analysis as a means of determining which system parameters have the greatest impact upon the operation of the transit system.     

The evaluation of the spatial integration of station areas via the node place model; an application to subway station areas in Tehran

Urban planners usually consider the transportation system and land use systems in different ways. The node place model is an analytical tool that explores the interaction between the transportation and land use systems in station areas in an urban region. The essential issue with the node place model is spatial. To address this issue, spatial indices are added to the model. Another purpose of this paper is to provide a procedure to identify the most effective transportation and land use dynamics in station areas. In this respect, canonical correlation analysis was conducted on data concerning Tehran’s subway stations. The resulting spatial indices have a fairly logical relationship with other transportation and land use indices, and it is useful to incorporate these indices in the node place model. The case studies demonstrated that a well-integrated, continuous and dense spatial configuration of the street network in station areas is associated with an increase in the variety and intensity of activities, an increase in the workforce and better accessibility for the station by attracting greater pedestrian movement. Additionally, these case studies indicated that to sustain a station area, the streets that exist in a station area and the streets that are connected to a station should be connected to the streets that locally benefit from well-integrated areas within fewer steps.     

Modeling isoexposure to transit users for market potential analysis

Transit operators face a difficult fiscal environment and an imperative to contribute to urban sustainability. Under these circumstances, operators must find innovative ways to make public transportation attractive to broader segments of the public, while simultaneously trying to raise revenue to reduce reliance on public subsidies. Development of commercial partnerships is seen as a promising way to achieve these goals. Previous research has examined the potential of using geodemographics to assist transit agencies in the task of identifying potential partners for developing mutually beneficial commercial agreements. In this paper we describe an approach to model isoexposure to transit users as a tool to assess market potential. The approach is based on the analysis of walking behavior of transit users, and specifically distance walked at the end of their transit trip. Spatial modeling is used to geographically project estimates of walking distance for a desired demographic profile at a specific transit facility. After expanding the estimates using sample weights, overlays of these estimates can be used to generate variations in exposure to transit travelers at different locations in space. The approach is demonstrated using the case of Metro users in Montreal, Canada. The case study demonstrates the use of isoexposure profiles as a novel approach to generate marketing intelligence. This should be of interest to transit agencies and businesses interested in developing partnerships.     

The optimal dual-pricing policy of mall parking service

In studies of parking policy, the role of parking pricing has been addressed. Most researches have focused on the determination of a proper price for city parking spaces that are open to the public and it is now evident that price is used by authorities as a tool to manage transport demand. However, studies of parking pricing that pertain to privately-owned parking resources are few and in particular, the problem of setting a proper price for physical market parking has rarely been studied, such as a mall’s ‘dual-pricing portfolio’ decision for the simultaneous determination of a parking fee and the consumer spending required for free parking (i.e., the ‘threshold’). This is a common problem for most malls, but the different agents involved (e.g., the visitors, the mall, the marketplace and the parking lot departments) usually have diverse goals, so the decision must take account of a multiplicity of criteria and subtle relationships. In order to systematically support this type of inter-departmental decision process, a decision model that includes an analytical decision-aid process and the relevant programming models is established. A numerical example verifies the proposed model by taking the data for a mall in Taiwan and the implications, in terms of management, are given. This systematic computational model can be generalized to any type of commercial market that requires a (new) parking pricing policy.     

广西高管文化建设与发展面临的问题及对策

文章针对高管文化建设面临的难题,提出以"三拓展",即以高管精神打造向核心作用拓展、先进典型树立向创建载体拓展、文化体系构建向管理实践拓展,破解高管文化构建"三难题"。     

Multi-objective highway alignment optimization incorporating preference information

This paper presents a GIS-based multi-objective optimization model, particularly designed to aid highway engineers and planners in proposing competitive highway alignment alternatives when building a new highway or expanding an existing highway. The proposed model can effectively examine tradeoffs among various objectives that represent possibly conflicting interests of different stakeholders. A Hybrid Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, which utilizes designers’ knowledge about the preference of decision makers, is developed to search for a set of Pareto-optimal solutions with an acceptable level of diversity. Two case studies demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach in providing multiple trade-off solutions. The results indicate that the incorporation of preference information, even if preliminary in nature, has great potential to save computation time and improve the quality of the obtained Pareto-optimal set.     

Network design for a grid hybrid transit service

In this paper, we develop an analytical model that aids decision-makers in designing a hybrid grid network that integrates a flexible demand responsive service with a fixed route service. The objective of the model is to determine the optimal number of zones in an area where each zone is served by a number of on-demand vehicles. The function of the on-demand vehicles is to transfer passengers to a fixed route line if the destination is to a different zone or to its final destination if it is within the same zone.     

An analytical model to conduct a person-based evaluation of transit preferential treatments on signalized arterials

The complexities of urban transportation networks where multiple modes with different characteristics and needs travel in combination with constraints on space and funding make the sustainable management of these systems a challenge. In order to improve transit service, space (e.g., dedicated bus lanes) and time (e.g., transit signal priority strategies) Transit Preferential Treatments (TPT) are deployed to improve transit operations. The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical model that allows for a person-based evaluation of alternative TPTs when considered individually and in combination. In particular, the analytical model is developed to assess person delay and person discharge flow at any intersection that is part of a signalized arterial, where auto arrivals are in platoons. The performance of TPTs is evaluated using both the analytical model and through microsimulation tests on two intersections of San Pablo Avenue in Berkeley, CA. Space TPTs such as dedicated bus lanes and queue jumper lanes are beneficial in reducing bus person delay when provided in addition to the existing lanes; however, the effectiveness of time TPTs such as green extension depends on the level of auto demand in combination with signal settings. Changes in person discharge flow are not significant for any of the treatments tested with the exception of the bus lane substitution with and without green extension, which led to a significant decrease in person discharge flow. Increased bus frequency increases the effectiveness of transit signal priority in reducing total and bus person delay. The analytical model results produce ranking outcomes that are comparable with the microsimulation ones and therefore, the model may be used for a quantitative evaluation of TPTs without the need for data intensive and time consuming calibration efforts required for microsimulation models. The developed model can be used to guide infrastructure and investment decisions on where such TPTs should be implemented and under what conditions space TPTs should be combined with time TPTs to improve person mobility.