Optimizing the shape of a bumper beam section considering pedestrian protection

This paper presents a design technique to optimize the shape of a vehicle bumper beam that satisfies both the safety requirements for a front rigid-wall impact and the regulations protecting pedestrians from lower leg injuries caused by bumper impacts. An intermediate response surface modeling (IRSM) technique was introduced to approximate the non-linear force-displacement curves obtained from the front impact analysis of a vehicle bumper. The accuracy of the IRSM model was tested by comparing its results with those of the non-linear finite element analysis. The maximum displacement error between the two models did not exceed 3%. Using pedestrian impact analyses based on the experimental arrangement of the Plackett-Burman design, the approximate functions describing the response values acting on the lower legs were calculated. The shape of the bumper beam was optimized by integrating the IRSM with the force-displacement model and the approximate functions on lower leg impact. The optimization results satisfied safety regulations on the maximum allowable displacement of the vehicle bumper, and also the regulations protecting pedestrians from lower leg injuries caused by bumper impacts.     

Optimum SUV bumper system design considering pedestrian performance

Until recently, passenger cars have primarily interested in pedestrian protection performance. Nowadays, however, it is important for a sport-utility vehicle (SUV) to meet the bumper system standards for pedestrian safety. For a SUV bumper system, there are some difficulties in attaining a high level of pedestrian performance for the lower legform. An SUV has a high bumper position from the ground level, and the bumper approach angle must also be secured, which has an effect on car insurance fees. Due to these reasons, it is difficult to meet the pedestrian performance of the lower legform for an SUV. In this paper, a comparative study was performed on various SUV bumper systems, and a concept model for a SUV bumper system was developed, which is expected to meet the pedestrian performance by using the Pugh method. The design control factors were defined to affect the bumper pedestrian performance through the experiences of tests and analyses. For the noise factor to affect the pedestrian performance, the deviation of the impactor position was selected at the moment of impact. The design control factors were optimized by using the Taguchi optimization technique. For the Taguchi method, an L18 orthogonal array table of design control factors was used in the optimization process. Particularly, for the optimization of the bumper corner region, an optimization analysis was performed three times to meet pedestrian performance. Based on the results of the Taguchi optimization method, the sensitivity of the bumper design parameters was studied, and a new SUV bumper system is proposed that satisfies the pedestrian performance of the lower legform. The optimized bumper system should obtain a full Euro-NCAP score of 6 points for the bumper test. The pedestrian performance of the optimized bumper system is validated by using a CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) analysis, which has been proven to be in accurate. A comparison between the test and analysis results is shown for the validation of accuracy. By using the optimized bumper system, the tests and development costs of a bumper can be reduced.     

基于熵权TOPSIS法的CFRP防撞梁轻量化研究

碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)具有轻质高强的特点,本文中基于抗撞性要求将某乘用车保险杠原钢制防撞梁替换为CFRP,并进行铺层优化设计。首先对CFRP层合板进行力学性能试验以获得材料参数,并通过三点弯曲仿真试验验证其准确性,然后根据等刚度设计原理,确定CFRP防撞梁的厚度,并通过保险杠低速碰撞有限元仿真对比分析两种材料防撞梁的抗撞性能。在此基础上,以质量、比吸能、最大侵入量和碰撞力峰值为目标,采用熵权TOPSIS方法对CFRP防撞梁进行铺层优化,确定出最优铺层方案。结果表明,在保证抗撞性能要求的条件下,优化后的CFRP防撞梁比原钢制防撞梁减轻了76.82%。     

基于有限元模型的汽车-行人碰撞事故重构研究

利用Hypermesh和Pamcrash软件,建立第50百分位行人下肢有限元模型和简化的厢式货车有限元模型,重构厢式货车倒车时与行人碰撞的交通事故案例,通过将模拟得到的行人损伤情况,比较韧带和骨骼的损伤,与医院给出的伤者诊断结果进行对比来确定初始参数,得出有限元仿真模拟碰撞事故的有效方法.结果表明,通过有限元仿真进行碰...     

考虑行人腿部保护和低速碰撞特性的保险杠系统概念设计

建立了分析保险杠系统行人腿部保护和低速冲击特性的概念模型,对模型进行了试验设计分析.基于方差分析方法,研究了保险杠系统的几何参数和刚度特性参数对其行人腿部保护和低速冲击特性的影响.综合考虑这两方面性能的要求,进行了保险杠系统的联合优化设计,给出了优化设计方案.     

泡沫应变率对行人小腿碰撞性能影响的研究

建立了车辆-行人小腿碰撞模型,在考虑和不考虑泡沫应变率效应的条件下进行了车辆保险杠与行人小腿的碰撞模拟分析,并与试验结果进行了对比.通过对小腿加速度、弯曲角、剪切位移3个性能参数的模拟分析结果表明,泡沫应变率对行人小腿碰撞性能影响较大,因此在实际分析中必须考虑泡沫材料的应变率效应.     

空间钢管桁架人行天桥的设计与分析

该文对上海浦东云莲路人行天桥的总体设计作了介绍,该桥为27m+27m的两跨钢管桁架连续梁。利用空间有限元程序建立梁单元模型对其受力进行了分析。根据受力结果了解各杆件的应力情况,并对应力较大部位进行优化设计,采用新颖的构造措施改善其应力水平。     

S形梁碰撞多参数优化设计

提出了一种新的碰撞优化方法,即将试验设计(DOE)、有限元分析(FEA)、响应面法(RSM)和遗传算法(GA)结合起来,对S形薄壁梁多结构参数进行抗撞性优化设计.通过提取实际车架上使用的S梁特征参数,建立了S梁的碰撞模型.运用方差分析(ANOVA),选取那些对S梁吸能特性影响显著的因素作为主要设计变量,采用显式非线性有限元软件PAM-CRASH进行碰撞模拟.根据有限元分析结果并结合响应面理论,建立了S梁的总吸能和最大冲击载荷的响应面模型.采用遗传算法进行优化求解,得到了S梁的最优设计参数.优化后的S梁在碰撞中的总吸能能力大大提高.     

人车相撞头部伤害影响因素仿真分析及试验

在汽车与行人碰撞事故中,行人头部伤害是造成行人重伤或死亡的主要原因。采用有限元三维实体建模技术,建立了发动机罩和包括头皮、头骨两层球体结构的行人头部有限元模型,分析了头部与发动机罩的瞬态大变形非线性撞击响应,得到了头部与发动机罩相撞时的速度、位置及头部质量、发动机罩的厚度、摩擦因数等因素对头部伤害的影响规律,并对铝质与钢质发动机罩作了比较,结果表明铝质发动机罩对行人头部具有更好的保护效果。     

汽车前保险杠横梁结构改进与优化

以某型保险杠横梁结构为研究对象,基于显示有限元法,再现了保险杠横梁正面低速碰撞变形过程。针对横梁结构抗弯性能不足等问题,提出了横梁截面形状改进方案,并进行模拟试验验证,选取了最优改进结果。试验结果表明：改进方案可以有效降低保险杠横梁侵入位移,改良保险杠横梁碰撞特性。     

Effect of structural variables on automotive body bumper impact beam

Increasing fuel economy has been a central issue in the development of new cars, and one of the important strategies to improve fuel economy is to decrease vehicle weight. In order to obtain this goal, researchers have sought to make bumpers lighter without sacrificing strength, ability to absorb impact, or passenger safety. In this study, the effects of structural variables on the torsional stiffness of a body bumper impact beam were analyzed for possible weight reduction. To this end, the effects of variation of section height, increase of impact beam thickness and the addition of stays in a bumper impact beam were carefully investigated and compared. Among these, the most effective way to increase the torsional stiffness of the bumper impact beam was found to be increasing the section height. In addition, the potential for overall weight reduction of the impact beam was examined by comparing the crash capability of a bumper using conventional steels with that of high-strength steel (boron steel) with a tensile strength of 1.5 GPa. This analysis could serve as a guide to design for optimal bumper impact beam development.     

Development of Headform Impactor Finite Element Model Considering the Hyperelastic and Viscoelastic Responses of Rubber

To evaluate and analyze the pedestrian injury risk of automobiles, the finite element models of headform impactors are used. In this study, a modeling method that can accurately estimate the peak of the headform impactor impact pulse and head injury criterion (HIC) was developed. The headform impactor skin has the characteristics of both hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. Therefore, compression tests, stress relaxation tests, and rheometer tests were conducted, and the hyperelastic and viscoelastic models were developed. The models were combined and used in the finite element analysis. The new headform impactor model was verified to accurately estimate the peak of impact pulse and HIC at the certification test of the headform impactor.     

GFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁的非线性有限元分析

该文运用ANSYS有限元软件,建立三种结构模型,将I型GFRP加固梁和U型GFRP加固梁与同等配筋的普通混凝土梁进行非线性有限元对比分析,从整理的有限元计算结果中讨论了玻璃纤维布对钢筋混凝土梁受力状态的贡献。     

Injury analysis of pedestrians in collisions using the pedestrian deformable model

Vehicle safety has become the most important issue in automobile design. However, all efforts to improve safety devices focus on enhancing safety features for occupants. Notably, pedestrians are the second largest category of motor vehicle deaths, after occupants, and account for about 13 percent of motor vehicle deaths. It is essential to design pedestrian-friendly vehicles and pedestrian protection systems to reduce pedestrian fatalities and injuries. To effectively assess pedestrian injuries resulting from vehicle impact, a deformable pedestrian model must be developed for vehicle-pedestrian collision analysis. This study constructs a pedestrian-collision numerical model based on LS-DYNA finite element code. To verify the accuracy of the proposed deformable pedestrian model, experimental data are used in the pedestrian model test. This study applies the proposed model to analyze the dynamic responses and injuries of pedestrians involved in collisions. The modeled results can help assess vehicle pedestrian friendliness and assist in the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

基于瞬态响应的某轻型卡车保险杠设计

保险杠是一种具有吸收、缓和外界冲击力,保护轻型卡车前部重要的安全装置。同时保险杠有很强的造型美观功能,是轻型卡车重要的外饰件之一。文章利用有限元计算和分析的方法对某轻型卡车保险杠内板进行瞬态响应分析,并进行结构优化。经过试验台架和道路试验满足设计要求,该方法对今后轻型卡车的保险杠设计有一定的指导作用。     

钢筋混凝土拱桥参数化建模及特征值屈曲分析

针对某在建的150m跨径钢筋混凝土拱桥,利用开发的基于ANSYS的拱桥参数化建模模块,分别采用梁单元和实体单元创建有限元模型。在此基础上进行拱桥的特征值屈曲分析,并对拱轴线类型、桥面结构形式以及拱脚支承形式等影响因素进行了参数分析。分析结果表明:采用梁单元与实体单元进行结构离散,对于拱桥的特征值屈曲的计算结果影响不大。     

基于ANSYS的预应力混凝土曲线梁桥三维施工仿真分析

简要介绍了ANSYS软件的基本功能及其相应的二次开发工具。然后,重点讨论了基于ANSYS软件开发预应力混凝土曲线梁桥施工仿真程序中存在的一些问题。最后,利用已开发好的ANSYS软件对一座在建的预应力混凝土曲线连续刚构桥进行了三维施工仿真分析,结果表明,利用现有大型有限元软件ANSYS的二次开发工具进行预应力混凝土曲线梁桥静力问题的求解是可行的,也是有效的,为今后同类桥梁的分析提供了新的方法和途径。     

架桥机滚柱轮结构最佳空心度研究

以某架桥机中使用的圆柱滚子轮系统为研究对象,针对滚柱轮结构中等效和接触应力的边缘效应,提出了采用空心滚柱轮的设计方案,以降低其边缘应力。采用有限元分析方法,对不同空心度下的滚柱轮最危险区域的等效应力和接触应力进行了详细计算。计算结果表明:对于等效应力,滚柱轮的最佳空心度为42%;对于接触应力,滚柱轮的最为合理的空心度为50%。综合考虑等效应力最小及接触应力的合理分布,滚柱轮的最佳空心度范围可取为42%~50%。     

基于极限约束法的高强度钢板成形性分析及轻量化选材

基于对有限元逆算法的改进,提出了极限约束法.它在计算时只考虑单元边界节点的两种极限约束状态,通过极限约束评判法则来快速、有效地预测板料的成形性;再通过对边界节点约束力的优化计算,可以得到最佳成形结果.文中还对汽车保险杠采用新研发的高强度钢板的成形性进行模拟试验,作为极限约束法的实例验证.     

大跨度钢箱梁人行天桥设计

该文分别采用有限元梁单元法和板单元计算方法,就其上部结构主梁、下部墩的设计数据作对比验算,并着重考察了各设计工况下墩顶局部应力,总结了此类结构的设计经验,并对控制设计的温度力、自振频率及局部应力,提出了切实有效的处理办法。