混合动力城市客车燃料电池系统总体设计

讨论了某型城市客车燃料电池系统设计中的关键问题,包括燃料电池、超级电容、电机等关键零部件的参数匹配.通过合理匹配和布置,从而提高了行车可靠性和安全性.     

Route adaptation of control strategies for a hybrid city bus

A series hybrid city bus with diesel engine and electric batteries is studied on a specified route. The study uses two different basic control strategies, “On/off” and “Continuous” strategy. These basic strategies are complemented in two ways. First, an “Adviser” strategy which filters the driver commands and gives driver support feedback based on the route data. Second, an “Adapter” strategy, which adapts and the control to the route, using different control depending on the vehicle present position. Simulation results are presented. They show that the adviser and adapter strategies improves both emissions and fuel consumption.     

Energy management and design optimization for a series-parallel PHEV city bus

Series-parallel PHEV city buses combine the advantages of series and parallel configurations and have been used in China. However, the design and energy management of series-parallel PHEV city buses based on Chinese driving conditions still need to be investigated. In this paper, an equivalent consumption minimization strategy is provided to optimize energy management for series-parallel PHEV city buses, and the process of the equivalent consumption minimization strategy for series-parallel is presented in this paper. Compared with the validated rule-based energy control strategy, ECMS shows a fuel economy improvement of 8.2 % in the CBCD (Chinese Bus Driving Cycle). Based on the optimal energy management, a design for a generator motor in the series-parallel configuration has been processed. The fuel consumption has been shown to decrease, with an increase in generator power, because the system with the higher generator power can work at a higher efficiency in the series mode and operate the engine in the high efficiency area in the parallel mode. Besides, in terms of costof- ownership for a PHEV bus for lifetime of 8 years, although the high generator power will lead to high purchase cost for series-parallel PHEV bus, a series-parallel PHEV city bus with a generator of 100 kW maximum power will still show small advantage in cost-of-ownership, based on current motor price and natural gas price.     

Integrated modeling and optimization of a parallel hydraulic hybrid bus

Hydraulic hybrid powertrains are a critical technology used in buses to improve fuel economy and emission performance. New exploration in configuring a parallel hydraulic hybrid bus (PHHB) is developed in this paper with no changes made to the conventional base bus driveline. An integrated model and simulation of the parallel hydraulic hybrid bus is built based on AMESim, which is used to model the hydraulic powertrain and conventional bus driveline, and interlinked with a Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow model of the control unit. Compared to conventional buses, the fuel economy of the PHHB improved by 28% in real road tests at the SMVIC (National Center of Supervision and Inspection on Motor Products Quality (Shanghai)); the approximate improvement of fuel economy was 30% in simulated runs, which validates our model. Then a Non-linear Programming by Quadratic Lagrangian algorithm (NLPQL), is applied to optimize control strategies for improving fuel economy and emissions. Simulations also demonstrate that fuel economy and emission performance can be significantly improved. However, optimum parameters for maximum fuel economy and minimum emissions are not consistent. Simulation results show tradeoffs between fuel economy and emissions in PHHB, and optimal parameters can be selected by balancing design objectives.     

串联混合动力客车参数选择及仿真

以某客车为原型,结合我国城市交通和公交车辆的行驶特点,在对比分析各种混合动力系统的基础上确定了混合动力公交客车的串联混合动力驱动形式,介绍了串联混合动力汽车总成参数的计算方法,最后根据计算得到的参数使用ADVISOR软件进行了性能仿真。     

Damper modeling for dynamic simulation of a large bus with MR damper

In this study, a large bus is tested to measure its dynamic response by the single-lane change test and the rapid stop test. A full car model is established by ADAMS/Car for computer simulation. For multibody modeling of a large bus, user-defined templates are used in the simulation. Simulation results of the single-lane change test and the rapid braking test are compared to the results of the physical experiments, in which several sensors are installed to measure the vehicle’s responses. The results obtained from the simulation show good agreement with the tests’ results. A dynamic model for the MR(magnetic-rheological) damper is also developed by employing the Magic Formula model, which is widely used in the nonlinear modeling of a tire. Bump simulation of a full car with the MR damper is carried out to verify the performance of the MR damper. The comparison of the simulation results obtained with the MR damper model to the results obtained with the traditional passive damper model showed improved response of the vehicle with the MR damper.     

DD6129CHEV1混合动力城市客车研发

介绍了混合动力客车的概念和原理,重点阐述了DD6129CHEV1混合动力城市客车结构、参数及在研发过程中遇到的技术难题和解决方案。     

基于Cruise和Matlab的纯电动客车联合建模与仿真

以某款12 m纯电动客车的实车参数为基准,使用Cruise和Matlab两款软件对整车的动力性能进行了联合建模与仿真.其中利用Cruise建立纯电动客车的整车模型,利用Matlab建立纯电动客车的整车控制器模型.通过仿真结果与理论和实验结果比较表明基于CRUISE软件分析汽车性能的可行性.     

客车后桥壳铸件工艺数值模拟及优化设计

介绍了CAE技术在客车后桥壳铸件模具设计中的应用,实施了以华铸CAE/Inte CAST软件系统对铸件的充型过程、凝固过程数值模拟分析,预测了铸件缩孔、缩松等缺陷,实现了铸件工艺模具的优化设计。     

浅谈顶置天然气公交车顶盖骨架安全设计

通过对天然气公交车顶置气瓶布置形式的优势比较与顶置气瓶天然气公交车结构设计要点的分析，提出了提高顶盖结构安全方面的几条主要建议。     

Examination of PN emissions and size distributions of a hybrid city bus under real world urban driving conditions

Engine load-speed frequency map of a hybrid city bus, which operates on the routes of Sakarya Municipality, was compared with that of European Transient Cycle (ETC) and World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC), which are the certification test cycles. It was observed that the hybrid city bus engine operates mostly at three main regions, which are idling (30% load and 750 rpm), motoring (0% load and 1200 rpm) and high load (80% load and 1800 rpm) conditions under real world urban driving conditions. However, engine load-speed frequency maps of the certification test cycles are significantly different and cannot represent the real world urban driving conditions of the hybrid city bus. Therefore, the Particle Number (PN) emissions of the hybrid city bus were investigated under real world urban driving conditions. The aims of work were to examine the effects of city bus hybridization on the particle emissions and develop PN emission factors. The PN concentrations and size distributions together with engine operating conditions were measured with a Particle Measurement Program (PMP) compliant system, which involves a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a particle sizer (EEPS). The measurements under real world urban driving conditions indicated that the emission factors of the hybrid city bus for the PN and Total PN are 8.99E+12 and 2.51E+13 #/kW-h, respectively. The PN size distribution measurements indicated that the particles up to approximately 20 nm are not very sensitive to changes in engine power and they are exist even during motoring conditions. But, the particles in the size range from 20 to 200 nm are very sensitive to sudden changes of the engine power.     

6140GQ型城市客车车身地板降噪的优化设计

针对6140GQ型城市客车车内噪声偏高的问题,对车身地板结构进行了优化设计,新结构及新密封工艺的运用,降低了车内噪声。     

客车生产企业主导的客车维修辅助系统研究与设计

针对客车产品具有小批量、多品种、产品更新换代快等特点,导致用户维修客车困难,售后服务水平低下的现状,首次提出了建立由客车生产企业主导的客车维修辅助系统,通过主动为客户提供本公司客车产品的维修信息和维修指导,同时客户还可以把日常用车发现的问题及时反馈给公司,这对公司改进产品设计和提高售后服务水平具有重要的意义。     

Simulation of a powertrain system for the diesel hybrid electric bus

The plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB) is designed to overcome the vulnerable driving range and performance limitations of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and have an improved fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of a conventional bus and convention HEBs. The control strategy of the plug-in parallel HEB??s complicated connected propulsion system is one of the most significant factors for achieving a higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of the HEV. The proposed powertrain control strategy has flexibility in adapting to the battery??s state of charge (SOC), exhaust emissions, classified driving patterns, driving conditions, and engine temperature. Simulation is required to model hybrid powertrain systems and test and develop powertrain control strategies for the plug-in parallel HEB. This paper describes the simulation analysis tools, powertrain components?? models and modifications, simulation procedure, and simulation results.     

串联式混合动力汽车动力系统设计及仿真研究

基于某款车辆制定串联式混合动力汽车动力系统结构和控制方案,利用Cruise软件对控制策略进行仿真分析。通过列比仿真结果和设计目标,表明所设计的结构和控制策略合理可行。     

沧州某型公交车离合器沉重问题分析

主要针对沧州某型公交车离合器沉重现象产生的众多原因进行了分析,并对如何解决提供了参考意见.     

Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus

This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and experiment validation of a parallel hybrid electric bus with an automatic manual transmission (AMT) and a dry clutch. The mathematical model representation and the system architecture of the powertrain are first described. Next, a complete control scheme including energy management strategy and coordinated control of the AMT and the clutch is presented. The controller and powertrain models are then integrated in a way that the power management and the hybrid driveline perform in real world. The analysis and validation through model simulation and comparison with experiment data are conducted. A good agreement between the model and experiment demonstrates the efficacy and credibility of the integrated model. The integrated model is employed in both simulation and bench-test assessments for the development of a hybrid control unit. The results indicate that the model-based design methodology is beneficial to systematically analyzing and understanding the dynamics of hybrid electric powertrain.     

城市客车车内噪声振动实测分析

噪声振动测试是解决车辆噪声问题的首要环节,对城市客车车内噪声和车体振动进行了测试,分析了城市客车车内噪声振动分布情况、噪声振动频谱特征.分析结果表明,城市客车噪声与发动机的振动有直接关系,噪声分布的主要频率为63 Hz～1 kHz.     

Economic value and utility of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus

This research is the first to develop a design for a powertain system of a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm of the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and to improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional bus and conventional HEBs. The control strategy of the complicated connected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors in achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions of the HEV. In this research, a new optimal control strategy concept is proposed against existing rule-based control strategies. The optimal powertrain control strategy is obtained through two steps of optimizations: tradeoff optimization for emission control and energy flow optimization based on the instantaneous optimization technique. The proposed powertrain control strategy has the flexibility to adapt to battery SOC, exhaust emission amount, classified driving pattern, driving condition, and engine temperature. The objective of the optimal control strategy is to optimize the fuel consumption, electricity use, and exhaust emissions proper to the performance targets. The proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity by using analysis simulation tool ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator).     

城市客车起步规律的试验与研究

通过对城市客车在平路和坡道上的实车数据采集,总结出手动机械式变速器的城市客车在平路上的慢起步、正常起步、快起步及在不同坡度的坡道的起步规律,为设计和优化电控机械式自动变速器(AMT)起步控制策略提供了依据。