分段涂装前跟踪补漆工艺

船用钢材在经过预处理并喷涂车间底漆之后,将经过划线、切割、加工及装配等阶段,最后组装成为分段.在这一系列过程中,总有一部分钢材表面的车间底漆由于切割、焊接、火工、机械碰撞或其它原因受到破坏,导致钢材表面重新锈蚀.因此,推进分段涂装前跟踪补漆工艺的目的是为了及时地消除车间底漆破损引起的钢材锈蚀,使得钢材表面始终保持完整的车间底漆涂层.     

船用高强度钢焊接残余应力测量技术研究

本文研究采用纯弯曲梁法对高强度钢X射线弹性常数(XECs)进行了试验测定;研究分析了试件表面电解腐蚀前后以及不同的电解腐蚀深度对残余应力测量结果的影响,分析得到对钢结构表面预处理的操作方法。最后进行了高强度钢平板焊接试板残余应力测量验证试验,并与数据仿真结果进行了比较,试验结果表明：试板焊接残余应力分布与数值仿真结果基本一致;其中有2/3的比对测点的残余应力测量偏差小于±25MPa。     

The weldability of steels used in jack-up drilling platforms

Weldability problems in jack-up rigs arise principally in leg construction where particularly high-strength steels (690 N mm⁻² yield) are used for chords and racks. Attainment of mechanical properties is not usually difficult, although procedural trials are advisable.

Of potential fabrication problems, hydrogen cracking (heat-affected zones or weld metal) is of greatest concern, and consideration of solidification cracking is advisable. Lamellar tearing is not generally a problem with modern steels, and the risk of stress-relief cracking will be confined to the limited number of joints which can be heat-treated.

Fatigue cracking is probably the major cause of service failure of jack-up rigs, and the use of high-strength steels, which permits higher static stress limits, can exacerbate this problem. Hydrogen-induced stress corrosion can also occur, either due to cathodic polarisation or corrosion, particularly in the presence of H₂S in foul sea-water. For this reason weld hardness limits need to be maintained.     

Strength and deformability of corroded steel plates under quasi-static tensile load

The objective of this study was to estimate the strength and deformability of corroded steel plates under quasi-static uniaxial tension. In order to accurately simulate this problem, we first estimated the true stress–strain relationship of a flat steel plate by introducing a vision sensor system to the deformation measurements in tensile tests. The measured true stress–stain relationship was then applied to a series of nonlinear implicit three-dimensional finite element analyses using commercial code LS-DYNA. The strength and deformability of steel plates with various pit sizes, degrees of pitting intensity, and general corrosion were estimated both experimentally and numerically. The failure strain in relation to the finite element mesh size used in the analyses was clarified. Two different steels having yield ratios of 0.657 and 0.841 were prepared to examine the material effects on corrosion damage. The strength and deformability did not show a clear dependence on the yield ratios of the present two materials, whereas a clear dependence was shown with respect to the surface configuration such as the minimum cross-sectional area of the specimens, the maximum depth of the pit cusp from the mean corrosion diminution level, and pitting patterns. Empirical formulae for the reduction of deformability and the reduction of energy absorption of pitted plates were proposed which may be useful in strength assessment when examining the structural integrity of aged corroded structures.     

基于修正CS模型的船用低碳钢动态力学性能研究

为了得到船用低碳钢的动态力学性能及本构关系,运用静态试验机及分离式Hopkinson压杆加载装置,在应变率为0.000 2~3 900 s-1范围内得到了准静态拉伸及动态压缩条件下的应力应变曲线,对Cowper-Symonds材料模型进行了修正,得到了两种形式的本构关系,并讨论了模型的适用性。结果表明:船用低碳钢具有明显的应变率强化效应和非线性应变硬化效应;两种动态本构关系可以描述材料在冲击荷载下的力学性能;模型在高应变率(2 000 s-1)下的使用应慎重。     

基于裂纹最大张口位移的加筋板弹塑性断裂分析

为了快速方便地求取船舶加筋板塑性性能的两个重要参数—裂纹尖端塑性区半径（Ry）和裂纹尖端张开位移（CTOD）,文章提出了一种基于裂纹最大张口位移（MCOD）来确定加筋板的裂纹尖端塑性区半径和裂纹尖端张开位移的简便方法。该法基于理想弹塑性材料,以提出的裂纹最大张口位移与裂纹尖端塑性区半径及裂纹尖端张开位移的拟合函数关系为基础,考虑了模型尺寸效应、材料特性参数及外载荷的影响。文中还对不同裂纹长度、不同屈服极限条件、不同板/筋刚度比时方法的适用性进行了分析,研究表明：该方法能够消除裂纹长度、屈服极限和外载荷等因素的影响,适用于有限宽船舶加筋板的弹塑性分析。     

钢质夹层桥梁防护装置的耐撞性能研究

通过对桥梁防护装置研究,提出四棱柱式与双折叠式夹层板桥梁防护装置,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元对其耐撞性能进行数值仿真,探讨两种夹层板防护装置的尺寸参数对其性能的影响.研究结果表明：经结构优化后四棱柱式夹层板的耐撞性能优于双折叠式;分别用两种夹层板替换传统钢质箱式防护装置的外围板,两种夹层板式防护装置的耐撞性能均优于传统钢质防护装置,而四棱柱式防护装置的性能最佳.     

Effect of fatigue strain range on properties of high-strength structural steel

Ship hulls are built with stiffened steel plates and experience continuous fatigue load cycles when in service. Mechanical properties of the steel are expected to change due to the application of these cyclic loads. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the material at various levels of fatigue damage need to be understood. This paper presents two test series that were conducted to determine the effect of two different strain ranges (2000 and 3000 micro strains) of fatigue cycles on the mechanical properties of high-strength structural steel. The test results indicate that the cycle-dependent behaviours of the material can cause a slight increase or a significant decrease in the yield strength when compared to its virgin state. However, the ductility of the steel does not change much as the strain cycle increases.     

Preliminary parametric estimation of steel weight for new ships

This paper presents an agile method for accurately estimating the steel weight of a new ship in the preliminary design stage. A container ship database within a three-dimensional computer-aided design system was used to facilitate the division of a ship into several estimated structural sections, including the forward, cargo, engine room, aft, etc. This procedure is an improvement over the traditional parametric estimation process, which only estimates a rough weight for an entire ship based on specific empirical formulas and then assigns a weight to each part of the ship manually. To estimate the steel weight of a new ship, the parameters of the individual sections are referenced from a similar vessel automatically selected using the principal dimension. Next, principal component analysis is applied to define the principal parameters, i.e., the principal dimension, the feature of each section and the fitting coefficient of the principal parameters. The general equations with the highest correlative predictor variables for the individual sections are then obtained by regression. Comparing the estimation variability, the section estimation provides a more accurate steel weight and constitutes a new means of efficiently obtaining the weight distribution to support the various aspects of preliminary design, i.e., the determination of the center of gravity, the design of the ship lines and ship performance evaluation.     

Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

降低现代修船厂钢板下料成本的措施

文章通过分析修船厂钢板套料的特点和生产管理的特性,将现有套料软件与先进套料软件进行对比,提出了降低钢板切割成本,提升板材利用率的有效措施,为进一步降低修船成本提供了指导性建议.     

EH47高强度厚钢板角焊缝裂纹修补工艺研究

随着造船业飞速发展,大量高厚度、高强度、高韧性的钢板被应用于大型集装箱船的上甲板区域。EH47是工业革新的最新成果,它的屈服强度高,被使用于万箱级集装箱船的上甲板区域。某船厂10000 TEU船舱口围钢板与舾装件角焊缝发生开裂,通过有限元计算出裂纹发生的可能性,并分析了开裂发生的原因,针对结构特点和材料特点,采用CO2气体保护焊焊补,通过选用合理的焊丝、预热温度、焊后保温等措施来防止裂纹的产生。     

A detailed finite element investigation of the effects of local lateral high-velocity impacts on the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane compression

In this paper, the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates under uniaxial in-plane compression is numerically studied considering the local lateral impact of a rigid-body impactor. The plates are made of mild steel, where its behaviour is modelled by using the Johnson-Cook material model. The material parameters of the Johnson-Cook material model calibrated by the authors were employed for predicting the behaviour of the target in order to numerically reproduce the impact tests. The value of average in-plane stress of the plates is determined accounting for the collision of rigid-body impactor with masses of 50–150 gr and velocities of 400–1200 m/s. Moreover, the effects of stress waves induced as a result of lateral impact of the rigid-body impactor on the ultimate strength of the plates under uniaxial in-plane compression are also assessed. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of the plate decreases due to stress-wave creation and thus, it is required to take that into account. Besides, it is revealed that assuming the final damaged state of the plate after being laterally impacted by the rigid-body impactor as an initial condition, does not yield a correct response when evaluating its ultimate compressive strength under uniaxial in-plane compression.     

Flexural wave bandgap and isolation characteristics of vibration and sound in periodic sandwich plates北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在研究轻质夹芯板弹性波的传播规律与减振降噪机理。[方法]采用有限元方法结合布洛赫定理,对周期性夹芯板色散关系与弯曲波带隙特性进行研究,分析振动传输特性和声传输特性,研究轻质夹芯板减振降噪特性,并对轻质夹芯板振动传递衰减特性进行实验验证。[结果]研究结果表明,由于布拉格(Bragg)散射调制作用,轻质夹芯板在特定频段存在弯曲波带隙,弯曲振动带隙频率范围内具有良好的减振降噪效果。[结论]轻质夹芯板结构参数对弯曲波带隙具有显著的调节作用,为舰船结构振动噪声控制与声隐身设计提供了新的技术途径。     

Testing and analysis of a 6-m steel truss/composite skin hybrid ship hull model

A hybrid ship hull made of a steel truss and composite sandwich skins was investigated experimentally and numerically. A 6-m model was tested under hogging loads, after having previous been subjected to sagging loads. All loads were introduced as shear through brackets welded to bulkheads. The model was loaded to the design load, at which point there was plastic yielding of the steel truss. However, there was no indication of failure in any of the composite sandwich panels, nor in the adhesive bonds between the panels and the steel truss. The steel truss started to yield at lower strains than expected, a fact which was elucidated by manufacturing and testing subcomponents of the steel truss. Nonlinear elastic-plastic finite element analyses were performed on the complete hull. Results from the numerical analyses were compared with data from both sagging and hogging tests and good correlation was found.     

焊接热循环对铝-铝-钢复合过渡接头性能的影响

采用正交试验法研究焊接热循环对应用于船舶铝质上层建筑与钢质船体连接的铝合金-铝-钢复合过渡接头性能的影响.试样依次采用铝合金TIG焊、MIG焊、钢MAG焊分别实现过渡接头与铝合金板材和钢板之间的焊接.复合界面剪切强度及厚度方向的抗拉强度测试结果表明:随着焊接电流的增大,过渡接头的性能明显下降,三种工艺方法对复合板性能由主到次的影响顺序为:铝合金TIG焊>钢MAG焊>铝合金MIG焊.通过复合界面焊接温度场的测定,分析了复合界面峰值温度与复合板性能之间的关系,结果显示:为满足船舶结构设计的要求,焊接热循环在铝-铝-钢过渡接头复合界面上产生的峰值温度不宜超过300℃.     

Design method for steel deck plates under quasi-static patch loads with allowable plastic deformations

Plastic deformation of plates in steel deck structures under heavy vehicle or helicopter wheel loads is common in ships and offshore structures, and is therefore of significant interest to designers of ro-ro/cargo ships, helicopter-carrying ships and offshore platforms. To provide insight into the plastic deformation of plates, the nonlinear elasto-plastic response of stiffened steel plates loaded quasi-statically by a central rigid rectangular indenter is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The numerically-determined stiffened plate permanent deflections compare well with those obtained experimentally. The concept of applying the elasto-plastic method to the design of deck plates under wheel patch loads is introduced, and the design principle of wheel patch loaded plating is studied together with the design criteria. A simple design formula to determine plating thickness is proposed based on an acceptable level of permanent set. Ship-mounted helideck plating design cases are given to illustrate the elasto-plastic method, and comparisons are made between the thicknesses derived using the proposed design formula and those found from Lloyd's Register (LR), Bureau Veritas (BV) and DNV-GL rule requirements.     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.     

近距空爆载荷下钢板/聚脲复合结构动响应特性仿真

[目的]为探讨聚脲涂层对钢板抗爆性能的提升机制,掌握背涂聚脲层对钢板动响应特性的影响规律,对钢板/聚脲复合结构的抗爆动响应过程进行仿真研究.[方法]采用LS-DYNA软件对钢板/聚脲复合结构在近距空爆载荷作用下的变形/失效过程及吸能机制进行数值仿真,并与文献试验结果进行对比,验证数值仿真方法的合理性和准确性.在此基础上...     

Collapase analysis of ship hulls

This paper presents an efficient finite element procedure for the collapse analysis of ship hulls under complicated loads. A set of finite elements, such as beam-column elements, stiffened plate elements, and shear panel elements are developed, directly accounting for the geometrical and material non-linearities and initial imperfections.

Elastic-plastic stiffness matrices for elements have been derived by combining elastic large displacement analysis theories with a plastic hinge model. The buckling and post-buckling behaviour of plates is included using an effective width concept. The procedure is effective, since few mode-points are necessary and numerical integration for evaluating stiffness matrices is avoided. Fracture mechanics criteria are introduced in order to account for tension tearing rupture and brittle failure of the material.

Practical applications to ultimate longitudinal strength analysis of ship hulls and tanker collision analysis are presented. The procedure can also be used for collapse analysis of offshore and onshore structures.