挖掘数字海洋中的成本动向

一副黑框眼镜,脸上还有尚未消退的"青春痕迹",出乎意料,面前这位就是采访对象——交通运输部规划研究院战略与政策研究所工程师、《道路运输业成本研究》课题负责人李弢。这项研究历时1年,其中包括道路运输业企业成本调查与研究、道路运输业成本构成研究、道路运输业成本构成要素敏感性分析、道路运输业影响因素     

数字

一季度我国铁路运输业完成固定资产投资530亿元，同比减少41．8％。一季度我国道路运输业完成固定资产投资2185亿元，同比减少5．0％。     

“七个转型” 引领道路运输业发展

4月22日,2013年道路运输转型发展厅局长研讨班在河南郑州开班。此次研讨班重点围绕"转型"这一中心议题,针对当前道路运输业面临的新形势、新任务、新要求,研究探讨加快行业转型发展的政策措施。党的十八大为新时期道路运输业转型发展指明了方向,下一步行业要以"七个转     

交通运输动态(2001年11月份)

<正>运输管理 ▲11月20日,交通部与对外贸易经济合作部联合发布《外商投资道路运输业管理规定》,并宣布自公布之日起施行,1993年交通部发布的《外商投资道路运输业立项审批暂行规定》同时废止。新《规定》是我国在入世的新形势下,体现入世承诺,规范外商投资运输业的部颁规章。它的出台,标志着我国道路运输业在积极适应入世新形势需要方面已迈出了实质性的一步,具有重要意义。《规定》包括了外商投资道路运输业的投资形式、股比变更、扩大经营范围、扩大经营规模、延长经营年限和如何向外资主管部门申请或者变更外商投资企业批准证书等。 ▲交通部公布《营业性道路驾驶职业培训管理规定》。《规定》宣布,对道路运输营运驾驶员实行从业资格管理。自2002年7月1日起,凡机动车驾驶员,必须经过职业     

我国道路运输的规模经济问题

对运输规模经济的理论和实证分析研究是道路运输产业组织理论的重要组成部分，也是研究和优化道路运输市场结构的重要研究基础。进入20世纪90年代以后，由于道路运输业基础设施改善力度的明显加快，各种运输服务项目和服务类型的不断出现，运输需求多样化程度的增加．道路运输业发生了巨大而深刻的变化．从而     

为新太原建设发挥道路运输基础作用——访太原市道路运输管理局局长任选平

“对于山西省太原市道路运输管理局来说，刚刚过去的2008年是一个很不平凡的年份，也是全市运管系统工作时间紧、任务重、应对突发事件多的一个年份．我们致力于管理方式的转变和发展方式的转型．同时，更加注重运管机构的社会管理和公共服务职能建设，为加快‘太原经济圈’和推进‘新太原’建设较好地发挥了道路运输业的基础、先导和服务作用。”     

积极推进广西城市客运健康发展

日前,第七届中国西部道路运输新概念论坛在重庆举行,本次论坛以"转变发展方式、调整运输结构、提高服务质量、加快发展现代道路运输业"为主题,不仅对抓好传统运输业具有重要的指导意义,而且对落实广西新履行的城市客运管理职能具有积极的促进意义。政策推动发展2010年8月,我局会同自治区交通运输厅、自治区物价     

大调研后期待大政策

道路运输业的2009年，在一场大调研的煊赫气场下悄然走过。 这一年，铁路风也似的加速，民航班线不断加密．长期担任客货运主力军的道路运输．遇到前所未有的挑战。     

重庆：以“信息化”促转型

实现道路运输行业的现代化、科学化、高效化发腱,需要信息化的支撑,特别足科学发展观上升为国家战略以后,信息化建设道路运输业更是提到了更高的地位,道路运输业实现转掣升级发展,离不开信息化的支撑。     

推进道路运输业又好又快发展

为指导道路运输业又好又快发展，按照交通运输部统一部署，安徽省公路运输管理局组织编制了《安徽省道路运输业“十二五”发展规划》。本规划是安徽省交通运输“十二五”发展规划体系的重要组成部分，以下重点阐述“—十二二五”期全省道路运输业发展的主要任务。     

Space,money, life-stage,and the allocation of time

Demographic, socioeconomic, seasonal, and scheduling factors affect the allocation of time to various activities. This paper examines those variables through exploration of the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, which has been inverted to track activity duration. Two key issues are considered. First, how much can activity duration and frequency explain travel duration? The analysis shows activity duration has positive and significant effects on travel duration, supporting recent arguments in favor of activity based models. Second, which recent trend is the main culprit in the rise in travel: suburbanization, rising personal incomes, or female labor force participation? This paper examines the share of time within a 24-hour budget allocated to several primary activities: home, work, shop, and other. The data suggest that income and location have modest effects on time allocation compared with the loss of discretionary time due to working.

     

Automation of paratransit reservation,routing, and scheduling

Santa Clara County, California experienced a sharp growth in demand‐responsive paratransit ridership for individuals with disabilities, as a result of the passage of the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). This paper describes an automated paratransit system for the ADA‐type paratransit operation implemented in Santa Clara County. It automated paratransit reservation, scheduling, and routing functions. The key components of this system were a digital geographic database (DGD) and an automated trip scheduling system (ATSS). Empirical evidence after one year of operation indicates numerous benefits of this automation. There were significant reductions in the paratransit operating costs and an increase in the percent shared rides. The savings in operating costs far exceeded the annualized capital cost of automation. A user survey indicates that these improvements were achieved without degradation to service quality such as vehicle on‐time performance, invehicle travel times, vehicle response to open return, and ride comfort.     

Estimation of missing traffic counts using factor,genetic, neural,and regression techniques

Analyses from some of the highway agencies show that up to 50% permanent traffic counts (PTCs) have missing values. It will be difficult to eliminate such a significant portion of data from traffic analysis. Literature review indicates that the limited research uses factor or autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for predicting missing values. Factor-based models tend to be less accurate. ARIMA models only use the historical data. In this study, genetically designed neural network and regression models, factor models, and ARIMA models were developed. It was found that genetically designed regression models based on data from before and after the failure had the most accurate results. Average errors for refined models were lower than 1% and the 95th percentile errors were below 2% for counts with stable patterns. Even for counts with relatively unstable patterns, average errors were lower than 3% in most cases.     

Integrated scheduling of m-truck,m-drone,and m-depot constrained by time-window,drop-pickup,and m-visit using constraint programming

The idea of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, for final-mile delivery in logistics operations has vitalized this new research stream. One conceivable scenario of using a drone in conjunction with a traditional delivery truck to distribute parcels is discussed in earlier literature and termed the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem (PDSTSP). This study extends the problem by considering two different types of drone tasks: drop and pickup. After a drone completes a drop, the drone can either fly back to depot to deliver the next parcels or fly directly to another customer for pickup. Integrated scheduling of multiple depots hosting a fleet of trucks and a fleet of drones is further studied to achieve an operational excellence. A vehicle that travels near the boundary of the coverage area might be more effective to serve customers that belong to the neighboring depot. This problem is uniquely modeled as an unrelated parallel machine scheduling with sequence dependent setup, precedence-relationship, and reentrant, which gives us a framework to effectively consider those operational challenges. A constraint programming approach is proposed and tested with problem instances of m-truck, m-drone, m-depot, and hundred-customer distributed across an 8-mile square region.     

Activity sequencing,location, and formation of individual non-mandatory tours: application to the activity-based models for Columbus,Cincinnati, and Cleveland,OH

Most of the earlier activity based models (ABMs) largely relied on a tour-based modeling paradigm which explicitly predicts tour frequency and then adds details including stop frequency, order, and location of stops within each tour. The current study is part of new tour formation design framework for an ABM in which the underlying tour structure and the stop frequency within tours emerge from temporal, sequencing, and locational preferences of activities that the traveler intends to participate during the day. In order to do this, the study developed a modified rank-ordered logit (ROL) framework that is capable of modeling sequence, locations, as well as the underlying tour structure of all activity episodes simultaneously in an integrated manner. Model estimation with the household survey data, provided several important behavioral insights into underlying choices that drive tour formation. Specifically, the study uncovered pairwise ordering preferences among episodes of different activity purposes, clustering tendencies among episodes of same activity purpose, the impact of supply side activity opportunities on the location and sequence choice dimensions, and impedance effects (including distance and mode and time-of-day logsums) on location and tour break dimensions. The developed models are incorporated in the operational ABM structure adopted for three major cities (Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati) in Ohio.     

A game model of international trade,transport costs,invasive species,and protocol compliance

We study the duopolistic interaction between two monopolists located in two different countries who sell an imperfect substitute good in two markets. The traded good is transported between the two nations on ships using solid wood packing materials (SWPMs) and hence the presence of one or more invasive species is a problem. We use a game model to analyze this interaction in three steps. First, we study the benchmark case of autarky or no trade between the two nations. Second, we introduce transport costs and then study the effect of free trade on the profits of the two monopolists. Finally, we suppose that invasive species are present in the SWPMs. This fact requires compliance with an environmental protocol. We model this compliance by increasing the transport costs associated with trade and then demonstrate that a version of the so called Porter hypothesis holds. In other words, we show that compliance with a cost increasing environmental protocol can give rise to higher profits for the two monopolists under consideration.