甲醇和基础汽油对混合燃料蒸发特性的影响

为了明确甲醇和基础汽油对混合燃料蒸发性能的影响,选用甲醇、市售93号无铅汽油和4种基础汽油作为试验燃料,研究了不同配比和温度下甲醇汽油的饱和蒸气压（ ps ）和蒸馏曲线。结果表明,甲醇汽油混合燃料饱和蒸气压呈现强烈的拉乌尔正偏差,包括M 0和M 100;同一比例甲醇汽油的蒸气压随温度的升高迅速上升。不同体积分数甲醇汽油的饱和蒸气压对数（ln ps ）与温度的倒数之间有很好的线性规律,拟合出了饱和蒸气压（ ps ）与甲醇体积分数之间的关系式。与M 0相比,M 10和M 15的10％馏出温度均有较大程度的降低,甲醇与汽油中的某些组分产生共沸。4种基础汽油中,重汽油与甲醇组成混合燃料具有最高的馏出温度。     

普通汽油与乙醇汽油的蒸发性分析

蒸发性是汽油性能的重要评价指标之一。为了了解乙醇汽油的蒸发性,本文将几种不同混合比例的乙醇汽油与普通汽油进行了馏程试验和饱和蒸汽压试验对比研究。试验结果:表明,低比例乙醇汽油的蒸发性有一定程度的提高,这对推广使用乙醇汽油具有参考价值。     

乙醇汽油喷雾特性研究及低压直喷喷嘴优化

通过闪光灯喷雾测试试验和乙醇汽油物性的测量、计算,对乙醇汽油喷雾特性进行了研究,最后使用AVL Fire软件完成低压喷嘴结构参数修改,并对不同喷嘴的雾化效果进行了对比.试验结果表明;混合燃料中乙醇比例增大导致乙醇汽油密度、黏度增大,乙醇比例与表面张力关系不大;喷雾贯穿距随着乙醇汽油密度和黏度的升高而降低,而喷雾角与表面...     

柴油-正丁醇混合燃料的宏观喷雾特性试验研究

在高压共轨燃油喷雾试验台上对正丁醇体积掺混比分别为0%,5%,10%和20%的柴油-正丁醇混合燃料的宏观喷雾特性进行了研究。结果表明:在相同共轨压力下,随着背压的增加,喷雾锥角增大,喷雾贯穿距减小;在相同背压下,随着共轨压力的增加,喷雾贯穿距和喷雾锥角均逐渐增大,但当共轨压力增大到110 MPa时,二者不再增大;在相同背压和相同共轨压力下,喷雾贯穿距和喷雾锥角随着正丁醇比例的增加逐渐增大,说明在柴油中混合一定比例的正丁醇可以提高燃料的雾化质量。     

温控条件下压实路基土压缩特性研究

在我国南方地区夏季高温多雨,冬季温和少雨,路基土受温度影响明显。本文通过温控下的固结试验研究了不同干密度压路基实粉质黏土试样的压缩特性,同时得到了温度对试样屈服应力的影响。试验结果表明:试样饱和后孔隙比变化较小,表明该土样几乎没有膨胀性;试样屈服应力随着干密度的增大而增大,随着温度的升高而减小;通过提出的干密度和温度影响下压缩特性模型验证得到,本文提出的方程对干密度和温度影响下屈服应力关系具有很好的拟合效果。     

BED混合燃料稳定性及对高原地区发动机性能影响的研究

为研究生物柴油-乙醇-柴油(简称BED)混合燃料对高原地区发动机的性能影响,在不同环境下进行了BED混合燃料的相溶性和稳定性测试的基础上,在高原环境下进行了高压共轨柴油机燃用纯柴油和6组不同比例BED混合燃料的台架试验.结果表明,生物柴油、乙醇和柴油可在一定温度范围内按照不同比例配制成稳定的混合燃料,但其稳定性随温度降低而变差.当喷入气缸内燃料体积不变时,与燃用纯柴油相比,燃用BED混合燃料发动机的动力性下降;经济性有所改善,高速时改善效果更为明显;碳烟排放下降,高负荷时比低负荷时下降幅度更大.BED混合燃料的最佳喷油提前角随生物柴油比例的增加而减小,随乙醇比例的增加而增大.     

改性生物沥青常规性能研究

为研究改性生物沥青的常规性能,对其进行针入度、软化点和延度试验,考察生物沥青与改性沥青按照不同比例混合后各性能的改善.试验结果表明:生物沥青与改性沥青混合后,其针入度值随着改性沥青比例的增大而减小;对改性生物沥青进行温度稳定性分析可知,两种生物沥青本身高温性能就好,当与改性沥青混合后,软化点降低,影响高温性能;生物沥青与改性沥青混合后,其延度都有很大程度的提高,改善了生物沥青低温下硬脆的缺点,特别是SBS改性沥青和SBR改性沥青作用最大.并且随着改性沥青所占比例的增大,效果越好.     

温度-移动荷载耦合作用下沥青路面结构力学响应研究

建立沥青路面结构有限元模型,计算沥青路面结构在一天内温度连续变化条件下温度场分布,在此基础上进行温度与移动荷载耦合,分析沥青路面结构在温度-移动荷载耦合作用下的力学响应。结果表明,沥青面层温度场在一天内的变化呈现先减小、后迅速增大、再减小并趋于缓和的趋势,基层以下路面结构层温度几乎不发生变化;在温度-移动荷载耦合作用下,路表最大竖向位移比不考虑温度作用时最大竖向位移增大8.60%,沥青层层底拉应变比不考虑温度作用时层底拉应变增大176.26%;车辆速度和轴重影响沥青路面的力学响应,随着荷载移动速度的增大,路表竖向位移减小、竖向压应力增大,随着轮胎接地压强的增加,路表横向压应力、竖向压应力和纵向压应力都增大。     

基于骨架结构的AC-20沥青混合料粗集料组成设计研究

为了更好地提高AC-20沥青混合料抗车辙能力,利用捣实密度试验和CBR试验,根据逐级填充理论,将不同比例的次一级集料和粗级集料相互混合,研究粗集料混合后的密实度和承载力。试验结果表明,随着次一级集料比例的增大,间隙率几乎都出现先减小后增大的趋势,而CBR值都出现先增大后减小的趋势,存在最佳的次级集料比例使混合集料的密实度和承载力最大。综合确定各档集料的最佳混合比例为26.5~19mm：19~16mm：16~13.2mm：13.2~9.5mm：9.5-4.75mm=20.5%：20.5%：22.1%：21%：16%。     

高温淬火后预制孔洞花岗岩力学特性试验研究

运用弹性接触理论对不同温度热处理淬火后的含预制孔洞花岗岩试样开展三轴压缩试验和微米压痕试验,研究含缺陷孔洞花岗岩的物理力学性能受温度影响的变化特征,对比分析了花岗岩试样在不同高温热处理淬火后相关力学参数的变化规律。试验结果表明:在0 MPa围压时,岩样峰值强度随着热处理温度升高呈先增大后减小的趋势;在5 MPa围压时,随着热处理温度升高,花岗岩试样峰值强度逐级降低。花岗岩试样的弹性模量在200 ℃时呈略微增大趋势,随着温度的不断升高而逐渐减小,岩样的泊松比无明显的变化规律,而岩样的体积应变逐渐增大。花岗岩试样维氏硬度在200 ℃和400 ℃时呈增加趋势,而在600 ℃时发生骤降。     

直喷汽油机中乙醇汽油宏观喷雾特性的试验研究

采用高速摄像技术在定容弹内对直喷汽油机多孔喷油器的喷雾特性进行了试验研究,以揭示喷油压力、环境压力对乙醇-汽油不同掺混比燃料的喷雾锥角、前锋面速度和喷雾投影面积的影响。结果表明,随着喷油压力的增大,喷雾锥角、前锋面速度和喷雾投影面积均增大;随着环境压力的增大,喷雾锥角增大,前锋面速度和喷雾投影面积减小。     

Measurement of fuel vapor concentration in flash boiling spray by infrared extinction/scattering technique

The MPI (multi-point injection) technique is widely used for gasoline engines due to its high responsiveness and high controllability. The pressure in the intake manifold becomes lower than the saturated vapor pressure of some components of gasoline in some operating conditions, and this causes the flash boiling phenomenon of the components. This phenomenon has great influence on spray atomization and vapor formation.In this study, the distribution of fuel vapor concentration of n-pentane was observed by applying the Infrared Extinction/Scattering method. The fuel vapor concentration can be calculated from the intensities of transmitted infrared light, under various spray conditions including the flash boiling spray.     

Modeling on atomization and vaporization process in flash boiling spray

This paper presents the model analysis on atomization and vaporization processes in a flash boiling spray based on experimental results obtained from an injection system in the suction manifold of a gasoline engine. Two kinds of liquid fuel, n-Pentane and n-Hexane, are injected into quiescent gaseous atmosphere at room-temperature with low pressure through a pintle type injector. Fuel spray is observed, by taking photographs, with variation of the ambient back pressure. Then, in the flash boiling spray region where the back pressure was below the saturated vapor pressure of fuel, the bubble nucleation process due to flash boiling was modeled by both experimental results and the nucleation rate equation as a parameter of the pressure difference between back pressure and vapor pressure. Further, the fuel vaporization process was assessed by considering growth calculation of cavitation bubbles and fuel evaporation from the film surface due to heat transfer at the gas-liquid interface. Accordingly, we could estimate quantitatively the transient changes in the bubble growth and the vapor mass fraction inside the spray for each back pressure condition.     

Analysis of the performance of the evaporator of automotive air conditioning system

The purpose of this research was to establish a theoretical model for the evaporator of automotive air conditioning system and conducting simulations to evaluate the effect of operation parameters, environmental conditions, and design parameters on the performance of evaporator. An automotive air conditioning system primarily consists of four components: the compressor, the condenser, the refrigerant controller, and the evaporator. The refrigerant flow in the evaporator can be divided into two regions: the evaporating region and the superheat region. The refrigerant in the first region is a two-phase flow, while the refrigerant in the latter region is in the state of superheated vapor. The air flowing through the interior of the evaporator can also be divided into two zones: the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. Water vapor is condensed in the saturated zone while in the unsaturated zone, no water condenses. Because the refrigerant flow and the airflow are perpendicular to each other, the distribution of refrigerant in the evaporating region and the superheat region does not coincide with the distribution of air in the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. This study examines the effects of different design parameters, environmental conditions and operating parameters on the cooling capacity and superheat of an air conditioning system. Design parameters include the length of the refrigerant channel, the length of the air channel, and the thickness of the fins. Environmental conditions include the air inlet temperature and absolute humidity. Operation conditions include the refrigerant inlet enthalpy, inlet air flow rate, and refrigerant mass flow rate. Results of simulation demonstrated that fins with 50 micron meters width has the greatest cooling capacity for identical outer dimensions; thicker or thinner fins only decreased cooling capacity. Under different outer dimensions, longer refrigerant tubes and air channels created a greater cooling capacity. However, the increase in cooling capacity becomes less and less if the refrigerant flow was fixed because the heat transfer capability of the gaseous refrigerant was limited. In this study, an increase of 19% in cooling capacity can be reached as the length of refrigerant channels was increased, and the increased length of the air channels can promote the cooling capacity by 22%. Besides, it was found in this study that a decrease in the refrigerant inlet enthalpy, the inlet air flow rate, the air inlet temperature, and the inlet absolute humidity, or an increase in the refrigerant mass flow rate, would extend the superheat region and decrease the refrigerant’s superheat. It was also found that the cooling capacity of air conditioners is extremely sensitive to changes in the refrigerant mass flow rate and the inlet enthalpy, and variations more than 50% were found in the operating ranges examined in this study. However, changes in the inlet temperature, absolute humidity, and inlet air flow rate only resulted in variations between 10% and 20% in the examined ranges of conditions. Finally, a correlation among these variables and the simulated cooling capacity was obtained in this study, enabling the relevant researchers to evaluate automotive air conditioning performance under different environmental conditions and operation parameters more easily.     

高原环境汽油机燃用乙醇汽油的适应性研究

在海拔2 000～4 000 m的高原环境下,结合汽车道路试验和发动机台架试验,针对某载货汽车进行了燃用E10乙醇汽油与90号标准汽油的适应性对比研究.试验结果表明,燃用E10乙醇汽油后发动机的动力性和经济性均有改善,NOx排放略有升高,而CO和HC排放降低.     

强震作用下饱和黄土液化特征试验研究

黄土液化是黄土地区的三大典型震害之一。针对海原大地震诱发的固原市石碑塬大规模低角度滑坡，基于室内饱和黄土的动力学试验，研究了此处饱和黄土的一系列液化特征和其孔压与应变的增长发展规律，及其围压和所受动应力对孔压发展规律的影响。结果表明:饱和黄土的液化应力比随动应力循环次数的增长逐渐减小，且饱和黄土一旦发生液化，其强度迅速丧失。动荷载作用下，击实试样的轴应变在2 %之前，孔压匀速增长，轴应变增长缓慢；轴应变达2 %以后，动应力开始有部分消减，轴应变开始加速增长，故2 %应变可视为击实试样液化的一个结构强度临界     

二甲醇(DME)发动机共轨燃料系统的试验研究

针对二甲醚燃料饱和蒸气压高、黏度低、易与空气形成混合气等特性,开发了低压共轨燃油系统。主要进行了系统的总体设计、电子控制单元(ECU)的软硬件开发和在油泵台架上的试验。试验结果表明,在新开发系统的驱动下,喷油器启合及时,喷射有力,雾化效果好;并获取供油量的MAP图,实现了对喷油量和喷油定时的外触发、外同步的反馈控制。     

Combustion characteristics of hydrotreated vegetable oil – diesel blend under EGR and supercharged conditions

This paper investigates the effects of Hydrotreated vegetable oil-diesel blend to combustion characteristics under various ambient oxygen concentrations and ambient pressure. Combustion characteristics were investigated using heat release rate analysis, two color method, soot concentration measurement and NOx concentration measurement. The experiments were carried out on a rapid compression expansion machine to simulate the ambient condition of a CI engine at TDC. Synthetic gas with oxygen concentrations of 21 %, 15 % and 10 % were used to simulate EGR conditions. A single hole injector was used with five different fuels: commercial diesel, HVO-commercial diesel blends and HVO. The results showed that increasing HVO blending percentages decreased ignition delay, flame temperature, soot concentration and NOx concentration. Heat release at oxygen concentration of 10 % dramatically dropped due to a shortened ignition delay, which resulted in less combustion. A decreased oxygen concentration from applied EGR conditions not only increased ignition delay, heat release, flame temperature and NO_x concentration, but also increased soot concentration. A combination of EGR and supercharged conditions by increasing ambient pressure and decreasing oxygen concentrations resulted in increased heat release, decreased flame temperature, ignition delay and soot concentration, compared to EGR conditions.