The Institute for Marine Studies,University of Washington

The University of Washington recently (1981) established a College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences which incorporates extant programmes in oceanography, fisheries and other marine resource fields. The Institute for Marine Studies (IMS), organized in 1972 and presently directed by Professor Warren Wooster, is one component of the new college. IMS, a multidisciplinary academic and research unit, focuses on the management and policy issues arising from the many different uses of marine and coastal resources.     

离子迁移谱技术发展趋势和应用前景

离子迁移谱(IMS)最初是作为化学实验室分析技术发展起来的。近年来,这一技术日臻完善,目前已经应用在多个领域,其中包括国家军事领域的化学战剂监测,各级安全部门的爆炸物监测,海关和机场入口安检部门对毒品、麻醉剂等违禁物品的监测以及环境监测部门对有毒有害气体的监测。随着应用范围的拓宽,IMS技术引起了世界各国专家的研究兴趣,因此使得这一技术不断得到更新和发展。本文系统地介绍了IMS技术的广泛应用前景及当前的发展趋势。     

痕量爆炸物探测仪研制

介绍了离子迁移谱仪的基本原理及在爆炸物监测方面的应用.提供的自制离子迁移谱仪可定量分析TNT、黑索金等样品.采用液体和固体2种方式进样,快速有效,定量准确,适用性广,对TNT和黑索金的检测限达到10 ng.对离子迁移谱仪的离子门、迁移电场设计进行了详细探讨.     

离子迁移谱嵌入式控制系统设计及实现

离子迁移谱探测器控制系统需要完成对离子迁移谱信号,压力、温度和湿度等环境参数的实时读取、分析和处理,并实时监控仪器的运行状态.因此,要求该仪器内部的计算机系统响应速度快、可靠性高.嵌入式计算机PC/104的实时性和稳定性满足了控制系统的快速可靠的要求.本文简要描述了PC/104的基本特点,重点阐述了控制系统的硬件结构设计和软件任务模块设计.提出了以SBS SCM/SDXa模块和ADT600数据采集模块构成的控制系统和数据采集系统.     

离子迁移谱信号数字滤波和谱峰检测技术

离子迁移谱信号处理软件主要完成离子迁移谱谱信号的数字滤波和谱峰检测。本文在分析了波形谱图的去噪、滤波和谱峰检测技术的基础上,提出了防脉冲干扰移动平均值法和最小二乘法相结合的数字滤波方法,并采用增加斜率法谱峰检测技术,通过matlab仿真软件验证了数字滤波效果和谱峰检测准确度。仿真试验的结果在离子迁移谱分析仪的应用中取得了较好的效果。     

Database of sail shapes versus sail performance and validation of numerical calculations for the upwind condition

A database of full-scale three-dimensional sail shapes is presented with the aerodynamic coefficients for the upwind condition of International Measurement System (IMS) type sails. Three-dimensional shape data are used for the input of numerical calculations and the results are compared with the measured sail performance. The sail shapes and performance were measured using sail dynamometer boat Fujin. This is a boat of 10.3-m length overall in which load cells and CCD cameras were installed to simultaneously measure the sail forces and shapes. At the same time, the sailing conditions of the boat, e.g., boat speed, heel angle, wind speed, and wind angle, were measured. The sail configurations tested were: mainsail with 130% jib, mainsail with 75% jib, and mainsail alone. Sail shapes were measured at several vertical positions for the shape parameters defined by: chord length, maximum draft, maximum draft position, entry angle at the luff, and exit angle at the leech, all of which finally yield three-dimensional coordinates of the sail geometry. The tabulated shape data, along with aerodynamic coefficients, are presented in this article. In addition, numerical flow simulations were performed for the measured sail shapes and the sailing conditions to investigate the capability and limitations of the methods through detailed comparison with the measurements. Two numerical methods were used: a vortex lattice method (VLM) and a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based computational fluid dynamics method. The sail shape database, in association with the numerical results, provides a good benchmark for the sail performance analysis of the upwind condition of IMS type sails.     

离子化检测技术在军用毒剂监测中的应用

简要介绍离子化检测技术的发展过程和装备情况,重点介绍了代表当前离子化技术水平的闭合漂移管IMS技术原理、特点和发展趋势。     

Losing Ground: Mediterranean Shoreline Change from an Environmental Justice Perspective

The San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge (San Juan NWR) is comprised of 83 small islands, rocks, and reefs scattered throughout the San Juan Archipelago in the inland waters of Washington State. Current guidelines, set forth by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), advise vessels to stay 200 yards offshore from refuge sites to provide a marine buffer for birds and marine mammals who utilize the refuge (Murray, 1998). Compliance with the existing USFWS guidelines provides inherent protection to the intertidal and subtidal resources within these marine buffer zones and could arguably constitute a de facto network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the region. This article explores how marine areas currently set aside from pbulic use and/or adjacent to upland protected areas, such as the San Juan NWR, could provide a politically feasible and cost-effective means for establishing MPAs. The idea is to build upon existing upland management by creating partnerships with other agencies and institutions in order to provide more organic management to marine areas and increase protection to the marine sources.     

An overview of maintenance management strategies for corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments

Maintenance is playing an important role in integrity management of marine assets such as ship structures, offshore renewable energy platforms and subsea oil and gas facilities. The service life of marine assets is heavily influenced by the involvement of numerous material degradation processes (such as fatigue cracking, corrosion and pitting) as well as environmental stresses that vary with geographic locations and climatic factors. The composition of seawater constituents (e.g. dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature content, etc.) is one of the major influencing factors in degradation of marine assets. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management strategies can have a significant impact on operational availability and reliability of marine assets. Many research studies have been conducted over the past few decades to predict the degradation behaviour of marine structures operating under different environmental conditions. The utilisation of structural degradation data – particularly on marine corrosion – can be very useful in developing a reliable, risk-free and cost-effective maintenance strategy. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and future trends in asset maintenance management strategies applied to corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments. The corrosion prediction models as well as industry best practices on maintenance of marine steel structures are extensively reviewed and analysed. Furthermore, some applications of advanced technologies such as computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), artificial intelligence (AI) and Bayesian network (BN) are discussed. Our review reveals that there are significant variations in corrosion behaviour of marine steel structures and their industrial maintenance practices from one climatic condition to another. This has been found to be largely attributed to variation in seawater composition/characteristics and their complex mutual relationships.     

江苏船舶配套业发展现状与对策分析

近些年来,随着江苏造船业的快速发展,船舶配套业发展相对滞后,制约了江苏船舶工业的进一步发展。加快发展江苏船舶配套业是一项迫切而艰巨的任务。本文通过对江苏船舶配套业发展现状的研究分析,从优势地区、优势企业、优势产品以及优势技术四个方面阐述了江苏船舶配套业发展思路;并结合产业集群相关理论提出了江苏船舶配套业的发展对策。     

海损事故中自然因素的定量分析

本文运用船舶交通工程学原理，研讨了上海港的海事资料，提出了海损事故自然因素的定量分析公式，对影响海事的自然因素的种类、评判标准、评判方法进行了论述。定量地分析了按月份、时间、星期、农历、流速、风速划分的海事发生系数，定性分析了其它自然因素，提出了减少、预防、预测海损事故的方法和建议。     

船用柴油机电控共轨喷油技术开发的关键技术

概述船用电控共轨柴油机的产业现状,介绍了船用电控共轨柴油机发展动态和船用大功率电控共轨柴油机制造业的发展趋势,对船用电控共轨柴油机开发的关键技术进行了探讨,指出了我国智能化船用柴油机产业发展的机遇和挑战.     

A Practice-Based Coupling of the Precautionary Principle to the Large Marine Ecosystem Fisheries Management Concept with a Policy Orientation: The Northeast United States Continental Shelf as a Case Example

This article addresses interdisciplinary sustainable aspects of fisheries as part of ocean management. Human-caused impacts and their role as modifiers of living marine resources is discussed. The research note also theorizes about contemporary global change and its prospective biological consequences, especially when coupled with human-induced factors in coastal marine waters. Also addressed is the management and ecological aspects of fish stock populations as part of a large marine ecosystem (LME) in the Northeast United States continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean with suggestions for an interdisciplinary policy orientation paradigm to foster the sustainability of marine life in the sea.     

海洋机动浮标机电测控系统的设计

为克服锚系浮标只能在固定站位进行海洋环境观测的不足,研发了一种可以移动的无人海洋监测平台——海洋机动浮标,本文介绍了海洋机动浮标的总体结构,构建了机动浮标的机械结构模型,设计了机动浮标测控系统,叙述了机动浮标数据通信、运动控制以及机动浮标测控系统的人机界面,并给出了机动浮标在湖中测试的实例。通过本文工作可以发现海洋机动浮标具有自主地在较大区域开展海洋环境观测等能力,对于获取大范围的海洋环境信息具有较重要价值。     

轴向板条对海洋立管涡激振动抑振的数值研究

涡激振动是一种在海洋工程领域普遍存在的流固耦合物理现象,易导致海洋立管等结构物发生疲劳损伤或失稳。本文为抑制涡激振动而提出一种附加轴向板条的方案,采用非定常流体数值计算方法求解分析不同分布形式下的轴向板条对海洋立管涡激振动特性的影响。首先定义轴向板条的分布形式;采用Newmark-β法求解立管双自由度振动方程并编写UDF,计算采用k-ω/SST湍流模型,并结合动网格技术模拟立管的振动过程。研究结果表明,轴向板条对海洋立管具有较好的抑振效果;当轴向板条数目n=20时,流向振动幅度减小78.57%,横向振动幅度减小58.10%。本文研究结果可为海洋结构物涡激振动的抑振提供参考。     

Examining Residents’ Proximity,Recreational Use,and Perceptions Regarding Proposed Aquaculture Development

Competing interests related to marine resources have the potential to create conflict in the coastal zone. In many parts of the world marine farms exist in close proximity to areas that support recreation and tourism. The purpose of this study was to examine residents’ perceptions of proposed marine farm development related to their proximity to, and recreational use of, a coastal area in New Zealand. Residents from two areas were surveyed about their recreational use of the region and about perceptions related to marine farm development. Results indicated that those living closest to proposed marine farms used the area more often and in different ways, were most sensitive to marine farm development, and were less positive in their evaluations of marine farms, despite agreeing that marine farms can have positive economic consequences for nearby communities. Implications for using stakeholder input for the planning and management of marine farms are discussed.     

海洋环境监测是海洋发展和维权的支撑

海洋维权装备必须适应海洋环境,海洋环境又无休止地影响着海洋装备的功能和性能.要想提高装备技术水平,发挥装备的最大效能,在应用和研制装备的同时,要充分了解海洋环境对装备的诸多影响,要研究海洋环境与装备相关性技术.本文根据海洋维权装备发展顶层设计的需求,从功能上定性地探讨分析海洋环境对雷达探测、水声探测、目标识别、精确制导、信号传输、导航定位等方面的影响,提出海洋维权装备对海洋环境的适应性要求和对海洋环境效应技术的支撑性需求,提出把海洋环境监测要素纳入海战场辅助决策体系.海洋环境监测既是人类认知海洋、开发海洋、防灾救灾、海战场建设的需要,又是海洋发展和维权的支撑和先导,军民共建,军民共享,为发展海洋经济,保护海洋权益而励志奋进!     

船舶辅机技术的发展与创新

船舶配套产值约占造船产值的一半,而船舶辅机约占船舶配套的一半。我国造船事业发展相对较快,而船舶辅机、船舶配套滞后已成为近期制约我国船舶发展的瓶颈。要成为造船强国,一定要在船舶配套、船舶辅机技术上不断创新,加大技术投入,搞好产、学、研结合,开拓自主产权、自我品牌的辅机产品。     

Marine and coastal protected areas in Latin America: A preliminary assessment

Abstract

One approach to the management of coastal and marine areas is the establishment of protected areas (e.g., reserves, parks, sanctuaries). Under the general rubric of “marine reserves,”; this paper examines the Latin American experience with this strategy. A comprehensive table lists most, if not all, national or state declared parks or reserves. The table is organized by country. All Latin American nations have, to a varying extent, declared marine parks and protected areas. The authors review the sources or uses which have been “managed”; by marine reserves, the management approaches, uses, and problem which have been identified in achieving management objectives. The authors conclude with observations about the potential future utility of marine reserves as a management approach for areas and resources of the coastal and littoral zones of Latin America.     

GT28燃气轮机工业/船用衍生的技术策略研究

GT28燃气轮机是1台带动力涡轮的三轴燃气轮机,性能良好。通过对其工业/船用衍生应用与发展研究策略的分析,全面勾画出其技术发展网络及主要关键技术,明晰其应用和发展技术途径,提出当前应重点开展燃气轮机发电模块(船用/陆用)、天然气增压机组、间冷循环燃气轮机的应用与发展研究工作。在此基础上将会全面推进GT28燃气轮机的工业/船用衍生应用与发展。