行情图解

<正>2023年1—3月全行业摩托车生产情况2023年3月，全行业生产摩托车212.20万辆，环比增长19.12%，同比下降2.49%。其中，两轮摩托车生产189.04万辆，三轮摩托车生产23.16万辆。2023年1―3月，全行业生产摩托车488.25万辆，同比下降1.88%。其中，两轮摩托车生产432.69万辆，同比下降2.79%；三轮摩托车生产55.56万辆，同比增长5.79%。     

行情图解

<正>2021年1—12月全行业摩托车生产情况2021年12月，全行业生产摩托车170.15万辆，环比下降0.88%，同比下降2.90%。其中，两轮摩托车生产151.42万辆，三轮摩托车生产18.72万辆。2021年1—12月，全行业生产摩托车2 019.52万辆，同比增长12.98%。其中，两轮摩托车生产1 784.75万辆，同比增长14.01%；三轮摩托车生产234.77万辆，同比增长5.76%。     

行情图解

<正>2021年1—11月全行业摩托车生产情况2021年11月，全行业生产摩托车171.66万辆，环比增长5.93%，同比增长4.67%。其中，两轮摩托车生产151.69万辆，三轮摩托车生产19.97万辆。2021年1—11月，全行业生产摩托车1 849.36万辆，同比增长14.71%。其中，两轮摩托车生产1 633.31万辆，同比增长15.78%；三轮摩托车生产216.05万辆，同比增长7.20%。     

汽车工业企业数

2002年我国汽车市场呈迅猛增长态势，汽车产销量再创历史新高。汽车工业企业数有所增加，按汽车产品生产较稳定、产值较大的企业进行统计，2002年汽车工业企业数为2436个，比2001年增长1.5%。其中：汽车整车生产企业为117个，改装汽车生产企业为558个，摩托车生产企业为156个，发动机生产企业为65个，配件生产企业为1540个。     

日本汽车工业的生模式

总结在日本的研修和参观考察的结果认为，日本汽车工业的生产模式的主要特点是指令菜单，自动化生产、准时化生产和大规模协作专业化生产。这种生产模式有利于保护产品质量，提高效率、降低生产成本和生产出试销对路的产品，对于我国的汽车工业发展有一定的参考价值。     

浅谈汽车零部件加工厂的在制品库存管理

我厂作为汽车零部件加工企业，目前的生产方式呈现出下述特点：（1）产品品种的多样性：个性化的市场需求导致产品种类繁多，而且生产批量、交货期限各不相同。（2）生产过程的复杂性：零件种类繁多，一般按工艺专业化组织生产单元，零件在工序间转移，工艺路线复杂，运输距离与生产周期较长，生产过程繁杂，难以合理控制。（3）生产能力的难以适应性：由于市场需求的不确定，导致生产设备能力不足或过剩，只有通过加班、外协等形式来调节。（4）生产计划的困难性：因为订货规格不一，造成产品设计和生产过程多变、物流复杂、任务繁多，因此很难实现进度计划的最优化。（5）生产管理的动态性：由于车间生产的具体情况多变，时有出现设备故障、人员缺勤、工件返工等问题，仅凭经验靠直觉办事难以实行有效的、规范的管理。     

ERP在企业管理中的应用

一、ERP的主要功能 ERP能为企业提供全方位的解决方案，它除传统MRPⅡ的功能外，集成了诸如质量管理，设备管理，项目管理，市场信息，先进通迅技术等，它支持离散型生产和流程生产(包括单件生产、多品种小批量生产和大批量流水生产)这种混合制造模式。在计算机技术方面要求采用图型用户界面，关系式数据库，第四代程序生产语言，计算机辅助软件工程，客户和服务器结构，可移植的开放式系统。     

2002年我国汽车工业的发展与分析（2）

3．5轿车生产集中度 3．5．1轿车厂点生产集中度 到2003年10月，共生产轿车157.31万辆，共有29家厂点生产。轿车生产较为分散，平均厂点产量不足5．42万辆。从表20可以看出，前3家企业生产集中度还不到一半，只有45．7％；前5家企业生产集中度也还只有60％；前10家厂点生产集中度才81．2％。     

浅析多品种混流生产组织

多品种混流生产一直是工厂生产组织中的难题，尤其是在不影响各品种生产的情况下，用于加工多种零件的设备如何排产成为最主要的难题。为此，用以量定期（最小批量法和经济批量法）和以期定量两种办法确定设备的生产间隔期，根据现场生产数据来确定生产提前期，基本解决了生产组织面临的问题。     

ERP系统对制造企业生产计划的管理优化研究

当前，制造企业的生产控制领域存在产品采购流程僵化、生产计划编制周期存在缺陷、生产计划设计和控制管理能力不足等问题。因此，制造企业需要利用ERP系统提高生产控制领域的资源利用率、质量管理能力，高效整合信息流、物流与资金流，实现全方位的生产控制管理与动态生产设计。文章主要阐述了制造企业利用ERP系统提高生产规划管理能力的可行途径，以期利用ERP系统降低规划管理成本，实现生产利润的最大化。     

Effects of FTP-75 mode vehicle fuel economy improvement due to types of power steering system

This paper focuses on fuel economy improvement according to the type of power steering system. Usually, a conventional power steering system is directly driven by the crankshaft of the engine with a belt, known as HPS (hydraulic power steering). However, there is some inefficiency with this system at high engine speeds. To improve this inefficiency, automobile makers have developed two power steering systems: EHPS (electro-hydraulic power steering) and MDPS (motor-driven power steering) or EPS (electric powered steering). However, there has been insufficient study of effects of the type of power steering system on fuel economy. In this paper, the effect of the type of power steering system on fuel economy is studied experimentally, and calculations of the effect on vehicle fuel economy are presenting using computer simulation with AVL cruise software. The results demonstrate that a 1% vehicle fuel economy improvement can be achieved in a vehicle with an electro-hydraulic power steering system compared to a vehicle with a hydraulic power steering system. In addition, a 1.7% vehicle fuel economy improvement can be achieved using a full electric power steering system in a FTP-75 driving cycle. These results could be used to choose a power steering system.     

A real-time impact detection and diagnosis system of catenary using measured strains by fibre Bragg grating sensors

This paper describes an impact detection system using strain signals based on fibre optic sensors(FBG) for the real-time monitoring of the catenary system. The proposed detection system consists of three subsystems: a measuring system, a data processing and analysis system, and a status display and data access system. Because the strain signals obey the normal distribution, to monitor the catenary system in real time, a novel method that combines mobile standard deviation with the mobile Pauta criterion is proposed to distinguish real impact from the strain signal background. The use of this adaptive judging method reduces the misjudgment rate of impacts and improves the impact recognition accuracy. These impacts can be identified by the data analysis system, which provides impact location and their causes using the features of the catenary system. This method can simplify the detection system compared with the traditional location method. An application to a commercial metro line system indicated that the impacts on the catenary system were main caused by overlaps, expansion joints or steady arms, and were verified by correspondence with the floor plan of the catenary and manual inspection results. These results verified the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed impact detection system.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

ITS框架下地铁综合监控系统的研究

将智能交通系统(ITS)理念与地铁监测和控制系统结合,充分挖掘既有地铁监控系统的潜能,建立更加高效的智能化综合监控系统已成为必然.综合监控系统有多种实现模式(综合自动化系统(IAS)、主控监控系统(MCS)等),可实现资源共享、管理共享、节约投资,提高地铁综合管理和综合防灾能力,更好地保障地铁运营安全.文中对IAS、MCS 2种实施方案的进行了比较.     

Combined control of a regenerative braking and antilock braking system for hybrid electric vehicles

Most parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) employ both a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. A new design of a combined braking control strategy (CBCS) is presented in this paper. The design is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the hydraulic braking system work together with the regenerative braking system. The control system meets the requirements of a vehicle longitudinal braking performance and gets more regenerative energy charge back to the battery. In the described system, a logic threshold control strategy (LTCS) is developed to adjust the hydraulic braking torque dynamically, and a fuzzy logic control strategy (FCS) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. With the control strategy, the hydraulic braking system and the regenerative braking system work synchronously to assure high regenerative efficiency and good braking performance, even on roads with a low adhesion coefficient when emergency braking is required. The proposed braking control strategy is steady and effective, as demonstrated by the experiment and the simulation.     

基于微分几何理论的汽车半主动悬架非线性振动控制

针对汽车悬架系统的非线性特性,采用1／4汽车二自由度悬架模型分析半主动悬架控制。应用微分几何理论得到输出-干扰解耦方法,再经适当的坐标变换将该模型由非线性系统简化成一线性系统,并对此系统进行最优控制,然后通过非线性状态反馈实现对原系统的半主动控制。与被动悬架的仿真结果进行了比较,表明这种针对具有非线性特征的半主动悬架的非线性控制方法是可行的。通过功率谱分析,控制后系统的能量比被动悬架更趋于平均,悬架动态性能更稳定。     

Experimental studies on the heating performance of the PTC heater and heat pump combined system in fuel cells and electric vehicles

In this study, a combined system consisting of a heat pump and a PTC heater was developed as a heating unit in electric vehicles. The system consists of a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, an expansion device and a PTC heater. Experiments were conducted to examine the steady-state performance and dynamic characteristics of this system. The compressor speed, outdoor air inlet temperature, and indoor air inlet temperature were varied, and the performance of the system was experimentally investigated. The heating capacity, compressor power consumption and COP were obtained. Warm-up experiments were performed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the system with a heat load of 1.5 kW in the indoor chamber. For the heat pump system, the PTC heater and the combined system, the heating performance and efficiency were investigated to determine an optimal control method. The results of this study agree well with the experimental results available in literature. This study provides experimental data of good quality for heating system design and the development of electric vehicles.     

Development of a hardware in the loop simulation system for electric power steering in vehicles

In this paper, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system was developed before the development of an electric power steering (EPS) system in a vehicle. This study was focused on the establishment of the HILS system. Driving conditions are simulated with the HILS system. The actual steering input parameters are confirmed on the monitor while driving the HILS system. The steering forces observed in the simulation with the developed HILS system are similar to those in real vehicle tests. The developed HILS system can be applied in the development of various types of EPS systems.     

车路协同环境下车辆前照灯自适应控制方法研究

针对现有自适应前照灯控制系统仅仅根据汽车行驶状态及转向盘触发车灯偏转,使得车灯偏转动作带有明显的滞后性的问题,引入车辆行驶前方道路线形信息,建立了车路协同环境下车辆前照灯自适应控制方法的系统。在不改变原有车灯控制系统执行机构的情况下,利用车路协同装置将线形曲率等道路信息提前传输给汽车,综合利用行车状态信息实时计算出车灯偏转角度,自适应调整灯光照明方向。经仿真结果表明,该方法可以更加主动精确的调整车灯偏转角度,减少视野盲区,提高行车安全性。