Towards On-line Automated Semantic Scoring of English-Chinese Translation

Described and exemplified a semantic scoring system of students' on-line English-Chinese translation. To achieve accurate assessment, the system adopted a comprehensive method which combines semantic scoring with keyword matching scoring. Four kinds of words-verbs, adjectives, adverbs and "the rest" including nouns, pronouns, idioms, prepositions, etc., are identified after parsing. The system treats different words tagged with different part of speech differently. Then it calculated the semantic similarity between these words of the standard versions and those of students' translations by the distinctive differences of the semantic features of these words with the aid of HowNet. The first semantic feature of verbs and the last semantic features of adjectives and adverbs are calculated. "The rest" is scored by keyword matching. The experiment results show that the semantic scoring system is applicable in fulfilling the task of scoring students' on-line English-Chinese translations.     

浅谈美国对外政策话语中的三种语义策略

在美同的对外政策话语中,美国政府经常运用三种语义策略获取最大的国家利益,一是通过词语语义意象号召国内民众支持政府的外交政策;二是通过调控词语概念的语义内涵和外延,以及如何利用语义度差使词语概念成为一种特殊的外交武器;三是通过构建叙事结构诱导民众产生心理预期,接受政府需要的心理现实,成为对外政策的拥护者。     

基于语义模型关联规则的局域网数据检索

提出一种基于语义模型关联规则的局域网数据检索方法.首先基于概念树描述语义模型并建立FP-树频集算法,通过概念映射将数据源与语义模型进行语义关联,在此基础上,进行噪声过滤并列出主题关键词,从而提高局域网的数据检索速度和一次查询效率.     

特定领域中语义校对系统的开发

介绍应用于报刊书籍政治性错误校对的一个语义校对软件系统的设计原理和实现过程．本系统先把文本切分成词语，找出敏感词，合并成术语，部分术语通过短语本身或左右片段即可做出正误判断；另一部分术语则用整个句子语义与知识库进行模糊匹配得到它的错误隶属度．     

英语中女性词语义贬降所影射的性别歧视

从历时语言学角度出发,阐述lady,madam,woman,mother,sister,girl,queen,spinster,mistress,governess,hussy,quean,wench,tart等女性词的语义变化过程, 分析探讨英语中女性词语义贬降所影射出的性别歧视现象.     

Applying First Order Predicate to the Semantic Query of Chinese

This paper described an approach to make inferences on Chinese information using first order predicate logic, which could be used in the semantic query of Chinese. The predicates of the method were derived from the natural language using rule based LFT, the axiom set was generated by extracting lexicon knowledge from HowNet, and the first order predicate inferences were made through symbol connection of center words. After all these were done, the evaluation and possible improvements of the method were provided. The experiment result shows a higher precision rate than that traditional methods can reach.     

基于语义链的色情网页过滤系统

针对Internet上日益泛滥的色情信息,提出了一种语义链技术和向量空间模型相结合的方法,利用语义链技术找出待分类文本的语义链,由该语义链的各密度向量分量与色情(性文化)文本语义进行比较,来确定其与待分类文本的相似程度,从而将待分类文本分到对应的类中,最后可以使用先前的分类结果对色情信息实施过滤,通过实验表明,该方法能较好的识别色情网页并加以过滤.     

METADATA EXPANDED SEMANTICALLY BASED RESOURCE SEARCH IN EDUCATION GRID

With the rapid increase of educational resources, how to search for necessary educational resource quickly is one of most important issues. Educational resources have the characters of distribution and heterogeneity, which are the same as the characters of Grid resources. Therefore, the technology of Grid resources search was adopted to implement the educational resources search. Motivated by the insufficiency of currently resources search methods based on metadata, a method of extracting semantic relations between words constituting metadata is proposed. We mainly focus on acquiring synonymy, hyponymy, hypernymy and parataxis relations. In our schema, we extract texts related to metadata that will be expanded from text spatial through text extraction templates. Next, metadata will be obtained through metadata extraction templates. Finally, we compute semantic similarity to eliminate false relations and construct a semantic expansion knowledge base. The proposed method in this paper has been applied on the education grid.     

双注意力引导的跨层优化交通场景语义分割

针对交通场景目标分割边缘不平滑以及小目标难以准确分割等问题，本文提出一种双注意力引导的跨层优化交通场景语义分割算法。首先，构建多分支特征提取编码网络，并利用串行非比例式空洞卷积实现空间上下文信息提取，进而改善小目标信息的丢失；其次，构建基于空间对齐的跨层特征融合解码网络，实现语义信息和细节信息的融合，增强不同尺度目标的表达能力；最后，提出通道和空间注意力机制，建模全局通道相关性和长距离位置相关性，增强网络对关键特征的学习能力。交通场景数据集Cityscapes和CamVid上的实验结果表明，所提特征提取编码网络、跨层特征融合解码网络以及注意力机制模块是有效的；所提语义分割算法获得了77.79%和78.66%的平均交并比，能够平滑目标分割边缘，尤其对细长条形目标具有鲁棒性。     

隐喻的语义理解及其跨文化差异比较

隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段，而且是一种思维方式，是人们的认识、思维、经历、甚至行为的基础，要学好一种语言，了解、正确理解与文化相关的隐喻是非常重要的。文中从语义理解入手．对英汉隐喻的跨文化差异从文化根源差异和英汉隐喻关系差异进行深入比较，有助于读者更好地学习英语隐喻，培养地道英语的思维习惯，提高理解和表达英语的能力。     

基于词组主题建模的文本语义压缩算法

为了实现文本代表性语义词汇的抽取,提出一种基于词组主题建模的文本语义压缩算法SCPTM(semantic compression based on phrase topic modeling).该算法首先将代表性语义词汇抽取问题转化为最大化优化模型,并通过贪心搜索策略实现该模型的近似求解.然后,利用词组挖掘模型LDACOL实现词组主题建模,得到SCPTM算法的输入参数;同时,针对该模型中词组的主题分配不稳定的问题进行改进,使得取得的代表性语义词汇更加符合人们对语义的认知习惯.最后,将改进LDACOL模型与LDA模型、LDACOL模型以及TNG模型的主题挖掘性能进行实验比较,并利用SCPTM算法针对不同语料库进行语义压缩,根据聚类结果评价其有效性.实验结果表明,在多数情况下,改进LDACOL模型的主题抽取效果优于其他3种模型;通过SCPTM算法抽取代表性语义词汇能达到70%~100%的精度,相比PCA、MDS、ISOMAP等传统降维算法能获得更高的聚类效果.      

Automatic semantic analysis of software requirements through machine learning and ontology approach

Nowadays, software requirements are still mainly analyzed manually, which has many drawbacks (such as a large amount of labor consumption, inefficiency, and even inaccuracy of the results). The problems are even worse in domain analysis scenarios because a large number of requirements from many users need to be analyzed. In this sense, automatic analysis of software requirements can bring benefits to software companies. For this purpose, we proposed an approach to automatically analyze software requirement specifications (SRSs) and extract the semantic information. In this approach, a machine learning and ontology based semantic role labeling (SRL) method was used. First of all, some common verbs were calculated from SRS documents in the E-commerce domain, and then semantic frames were designed for those verbs. Based on the frames, sentences from SRSs were selected and labeled manually, and the labeled sentences were used as training examples in the machine learning stage. Besides the training examples labeled with semantic roles, external ontology knowledge was used to relieve the data sparsity problem and obtain reliable results. Based on the SemCor and WordNet corpus, the senses of nouns and verbs were identified in a sequential manner through the K-nearest neighbor approach. Then the senses of the verbs were used to identify the frame types. After that, we trained the SRL labeling classifier with the maximum entropy method, in which we added some new features based on word sense, such as the hypernyms and hyponyms of the word senses in the ontology. Experimental results show that this new approach for automatic functional requirements analysis is effective.     

海洋混凝土结构

如果设计合理,施工规范,即使在诸如北海或北极那样的恶劣环境下,近海混凝土构筑物也能发挥关键作用.该类近海构筑物大多应用于石油与天然气行业.已经研发了一种技术用于该类承担巨大荷载的钢筋混凝土结构的设计与施工,包括集成设计、规范施工技术及重视施工管理.在近海的海洋环境中有无数的普通混凝土构筑物,如历经了近一个世纪的码头与桥...     

基于语义相似度的话题关联检测方法

为有效识别任意两篇报道的相似性,提出了一种基于语义相似度的话题关联检测算法.该算法首先通过计算特征词之间的相对熵作为两篇报道中特征词之间的语义相似度;其次,通过计算平均语义相似度获得特征词和报道之间的关联度;最后,结合特征词在语料库中的TF-IF(term frequency-inverse document frequency)权重计算两篇报道之间的关联度,实现报道之间的关联度检测.本文提出的方法与现有的向量空间模型方法和仅依赖于平均点互信息的方法进行了比较,并通过TDT4中文语料进行测评,结果表明,基于语义相似度的关联检测方法能够更好地利用文本的语境信息,提高了现有检测系统的性能,其最小DET(detection error tradeoff)代价降低了3%.      

面向多目标跟踪的密集行人群轨迹提取和运动语义感知

针对基于视频监控的密集行人群识别难度大，运动轨迹提取困难，运动语义信息挖掘不足 等问题，本文提出基于多目标跟踪FairMOT框架及K-means聚类的行人轨迹捕获和运动语义信 息感知方法。首先，利用多目标跟踪算法提取视频中行人群目标过街时的运动轨迹特征向量；然 后，通过分析轨迹坐标的数值分布特点，设计了一种协方差滤波算法STCCF，以检测和剔除“准静 态轨迹”，得到行人群目标运动轨迹簇；最后，针对已提取的轨迹簇，应用K-means聚类方法，选取 S系数(Silhouette Coefficient)和DB指数(Davies Bouldin Index)两个指标，感知行人聚集和消散点 等场景语义特征。实验分析表明，算法从提取到的2689条轨迹中辨识出179条“准静态轨迹”，检 出率为81.73%；视频场景中的行人目标源点和消失点的解析结果与人工辨识结果吻合，验证了密 集行人群轨迹提取和运动语义信息感知方法的有效性。本文研究可为数据驱动的行为预测和轨 迹建模提供基础。     

基于语料库的英语近义词隐喻功能分析

文章通过对比语法结构相同的近义词(组)各自的搭配来分析它们的语义差异和隐喻功能,借助BNC和COCA两个大型语料库把对近义词的研究从单纯词汇语义扩展到语法结构和隐喻功能,保证了研究结果的精确性,并为隐喻研究提供了新的方法。     

一种关联多本体的科技奖励检索方法

现有的科技奖励检索都是基于关键词的匹配,忽略了对用户查询的语义理解。针对传统信息检索存在的问题以及结合当前面向实际应用的基于本体的语义检索的特点,提出一种关联多本体的科技奖励检索方法。通过对科技奖励项目的领域本体构建,对概念相似度计算方法的改进及关联多本体概念,使扩展词语更能表达用户检索意图。实验结果表明,该方法对比传统查询检索和单独本体扩展检索获得了更好的召回率和准确率。     

一种基于MRF的多层遗传递减视频对象分割算法

提出一种视频对象分割方法,将时域信息、空域信息和图像颜色特征有效地结合起来,采用MRF遗传递减式分类来提取视频对象.利用视频帧的颜色特征,在初始分割中采用时空域分水岭方法,建立一个时空域毗连图(ST-RAG);基于时空域毗连图建立马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型,在分割过程中采用遗传递减式方法对区域进行合理分类,利用形态学进行后处理,分割出感兴趣的视频对象.实验结果表明所获取的分割方法具有灵活性,且精度高.     

桥梁施工临时结构中容许应力设计方法

桥梁施工过程中需要投入临时结构,对这些临时结构而言,投资过大容易造成浪费,但如果投资过小或不重视则极易引起重大安全事故。从临时结构的定义、特点以及存在问题入手,探讨采用容许应力法设计临时结构需解决的问题,为桥梁施工临时结构的设计提供依据。     

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交通信息融合技术已成为智能交通系统中研究热点,它对于城市交通综合管理、交通预案应急联动以及数字城市建设有着十分重要的意义. 采用本体技术和语义逻辑代数方法,
对多源异构的城市交通信息的统一表示、融合等问题进行了深入探索. 通过城市交通本体建立静态和动态的城市交通信息的统一语义模型,并定义本体在语义层面上的融合规约和代数操作,以实现城市交通信息融合在语义上的完备性和一致性. 在城市交通信息集成中增加语义融合功能,对降低交通信息集成的数据量,提升集成后交通信息的查询和分析效率及准确性都有较大帮助,在实践应用中也体现了一定的效果.