Effect of UWS injection at low exhaust gas temperature on NO<Subscript>x</Subscript> removal efficiency of diesel engine

Urea-SCR systems have been widely used in diesel vehicles according to the strengthened NO_x (Nitrogen Oxides) emission standard. The NO_x removal efficiencies of the latest well optimized urea-SCR system are above 90 % at moderate exhaust gas temperature of 250 ~ 450 °C. However, a large amount of NO_x is emitted from diesel vehicles at cold start or urban driving conditions, when the exhaust gas temperature is not high enough for SCR catalyst activation. Although many researchs have been stuied to improve NO_x conversion efficiency at these low temperature conditions, it is still one of important technical issues. In this study, the effect of UWS injection at low exhaust gas temperature conditions is studied. This study uses a 3.4 L diesel engine equipped with a commertial urea SCR system. As a result, it is found that about 5 % of NO_x removal efficiency is improved in the NRTC test when UWS injection starts at the SCR inlet temperature of 150 °C compared to 200 °C. It is also found that urea deposits can be formed on the wall of exhaust pipe, when the local wall temperature is lower than temperature of urea decomposition.     

SCR后处理系统在国Ⅳ环卫车上的应用

简述了SCR后处理系统的结构和工作原理。对匹配道依茨BF4M2012-16E4柴油机的解放牌某环卫车系列车型,进行了匹配SCR后处理系统的合理布置,包括排气管路及后处理结构设计、尿素泵布置、尿素罐与尿素管路布置及尿素喷嘴的布置。对改进后车型进行了排放性能试验、噪声性能试验、排放耐久性试验和可靠性试验。结果表明,该车型所用SCR后处理系统完全符合设计要求,满足国Ⅳ排放和噪声要求。     

Sliding-mode observer for urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) mid-catalyst ammonia concentration estimation

This paper presents an observer design for SCR mid-catalyst ammonia concentration estimation using tailpipe NO_x and ammonia sensors. Urea-SCR has been popularly used by Diesel engine powered vehicles to reduce NO_x emissions in recent years. It utilizes ammonia, converted from urea injected at upstream of the catalyst, as the reductant to catalytically convert NO_x emissions to nitrogen. To simultaneously achieve high SCR NO_x conversion efficiency and low tailpipe ammonia slip, it is desirable to control the ammonia storage distribution along the SCR catalyst. Such a control method, however, requires a mid-catalyst ammonia sensor. The observer developed in this paper can replace such a mid-catalyst ammonia sensor and be used for SCR catalyst ammonia distribution control as well as serves for fault diagnosis purpose of the mid-catalyst ammonia sensor. The stability of the observer was shown based on the sliding mode approach and analyzed by simulations. Experimental validation of the observer was also conducted based on a medium-duty Diesel engine two-catalyst SCR system setup with emission sensors.     

Simulation Study on Thermal Management Strategy to Achieve 99 % SCR Efficiency of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine over a Transient Cycle

In this study, NOx conversion characteristics of a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system equipped on a heavy-duty diesel engine were evaluated through engine dynamometer bench tests over a scheduled world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC). Also, based on transient SCR simulations, the thermal management strategy to improve SCR NOx conversion efficiency was investigated. As a result, it was found that a selective increase in exhaust temperature at low temperature period would be a useful measure to increase SCR efficiency on WHTC mode. From the baseline SCR efficiency of around 98 % on WHTC mode, the current simulation results have shown that around 99 % level of SCR efficiency would be achievable by increasing exhaust temperatures with modifying diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosage. Another valuable contribution of this study is that the design guidelines for controlling exhaust temperature and DEF injection to obtain a target NOx conversion efficiency are presented for SCR systems of heavy-duty diesel engines on transient operating conditions.     

柴油机SCR后处理控制策略开发与研究

为选择性催化还原技术提出了还原剂喷射的控制策略。它根据原机NOx排放浓度脉谱、排气温度和空速脉谱等计算还原剂的喷射速率。分别通过试验研究了NH3/NOx比值、排气温度和空速对NOx转化率和氨泄漏浓度的影响以及SCR催化剂的氨吸附和脱附特性,并根据研究结果,分别确定稳态和瞬态工况下尿素溶液喷射的控制方案,因而实现了ESC稳态循环和ETC瞬态循环下的控制目标。此外,冷机起动试验表明,该阶段的排气温度低,NOx排放浓度较高,故应采取措施减少低温工况下NOx的排放。     

SCR系统尿素水溶液消耗量的测量与应用

采用SCR后处理系统的柴油机,由于机内设计时对油耗进行了最大限度的优化,其油耗相对较低。但SCR后处理系统需要额外消耗专用的尿素水溶液来降低NOx排放物,增加使用成本。因此,本文认为,在测量油耗的同时也应测量尿素水溶液的消耗量,从而予以综合评价,并提出切实可行的测量方法。     

重型柴油机Urea-SCR系统尿素沉积物的试验研究

利用发动机台架试验研究了排气温度、排气流速以及尿素水溶液喷射量对尿素沉积物生成量的影响.测量对比了排气管内壁面与排气的温度差.通过热重与红外光谱分析研究了SCR系统耐久性试验和道路试验中产生的沉积物的加热分解过程及分解产物,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和质谱仪对沉积物中杂质金属含量进行了分析.结果表明,排气温度、排气...     

中重型柴油机SCR系统集成匹配研究

针对高紧凑高效清洁柴油机的开发,选取了SCR后处理技术路线,为了实现国Ⅴ的排放指标要求,分别进行了SCR催化剂及催化器载体的分析与匹配,SCR尿素喷射系统的匹配标定研究,并通过三维仿真分析方法以及尿素喷射水解、热解和化学反应动力学理论完成了喷射管路布置方式的优化设计及SCR系统转化效率的计算与验证。通过发动机台架试验验证了通过上述方法匹配的SCR系统可以满足国Ⅴ的排放指标要求。     

某款双滤芯尿素液位传感器的设计

随着排放要求的日益严峻,重型卡车柴油发动机普遍寻求近乎极限的排放标准。为应对严格的排放标准,EGR+DOC+DPF+SCR+ASC的后处理方式成为国内绝大多数主机厂选择的最终方案。文章将着重分析和探讨目前国内某款国Ⅵ重型卡车柴油发动机SCR尿素供给系统中,为精细过滤尿素溶液所设计的双滤芯结构液位传感器在设计和布置过程中的创新应用。     

某柴油机SCR系统CFD仿真分析

排放法规的日趋严格,柴油机尾气后处理器SCR作为处理NOX排放物的一种有效手段,吸引了越来越多的目光的关注。柴油机尾气后处理器SCR内部的气体流动状况及尿素喷射效果与其使用效率以及柴油机的动力性和经济性都有很大的影响。文章通过建立三维SCR流动和喷雾计算模型,计算得出SCR内部压力、流场分布以及尿素喷射雾化分布情况。通过本次仿真,找到内部影响SCR工作效率的关键设计因素,从而更好的优化产品设计,满足性能及一致性的要求。结果表明:柴油机尾气后处理器SCR内部孔道的分布对于性能有一定的影响,需要通过生产进行控制从而满足尾气后处理的效率及产品一致性要求。     

柴油机SCR系统控制策略研究与软件设计

为有效地降低柴油机排气污染物NO_x,结合模块化设计思想,在Matlab/Simulink环境下完成SCR控制软件的开发。软件主要包括数据管理模块、SCR状态模块、尿素量计算模块和任务模块,其中尿素量计算模块采用基本尿素喷射量计算、尿素量修正和闭环反馈调节的组合方式提高尿素量计算精度。软件经代码生成后刷写至SCR控制器DCU中,在试验台架上完成ESC和WHTC循环测试。试验结果表明:在ESC和WHTC试验循环下,NO_x转换效率分别高于79.09%和72.35%,经催化还原后排放值分别低于1.836g/(kW·h)和2.147g/(kW·h),满足国Ⅴ法规的限值要求。     

分子筛型SCR对车用柴油机排放改善的试验研究

商用车柴油机多采用DOC+SCR的后处理系统来满足国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ排放标准的要求,而不同类型SCR的催化特性对最终污染物排放影响也不同。试验获取了一支铜基分子筛型SCR,基于1台2.8L柴油机和一支钒基SCR,运行了车用柴油机稳态循环(ESC)和瞬态排放循环(ETC),研究并分析了其对柴油机污染物的减排特性。结果表明,相较于钒基SCR,运行ETC循环时分子筛型SCR对发动机NOx和PM排放的减排效率分别提升19%和33%;分子筛型SCR对NOx的低温转化效率更高,且由于对排气流量不敏感,在高空速工况下其转化效率显著高于钒基SCR;分子筛型SCR对颗粒物个数的减排效率弱于钒基SCR,达7%以上,容易将大质量颗粒物分解为小质量颗粒物;两种SCR均对CO和HC具有一定的减排效果,减排率可达20%左右。     

国产车用尿素可替代性试验研究

使用商业钒基SCR催化转化器和某国Ⅳ重型柴油机,在AVL发动机台架上对3种国产车用尿素进行了相互替代性试验,研究中考虑了不同尿素对SCR催化转换器的起燃特性、动态响应、NOx转化率和NH3泄漏等性能的影响。试验排气温度为160～440℃,n(NOx)∶n(NH3)(物质的量之比)从0.8变化到1.2。研究发现:相同条件下3种尿素对SCR系统起燃温度基本没有影响,ESC和ETC循环NOx转化率都在70%以上,同时对其他常规气态排放和NH3泄漏没有明显影响,可以互相替代使用;相同条件下,单位体积尿素溶液中尿素含量越高,SCR系统动态响应越快,ESC和ETC循环NOx转化率越高。     

浅谈柴油车SSCR技术的应用

SCR(选择性催化还原)技术是降低柴油车NOx排放的重要途径。以尿素水溶液作为还原剂的SCR技术已经较为成熟并泛应用,但仍存在一些技术缺陷,导致其在目前使用以及应对更严格的排放法规方面具有一定的局限性。SSCR(固体SCR)技术将氨气还原剂以固态型式存储,可以有效弥补传统SCR的技术缺陷。本研究对SSCR技术进行简要分析和探讨,对SSCR技术的推广应用具有一定参考意义。     

Model-based control system design in a urea-SCR aftertreatment system based on NH3 sensor feedback

This paper presents preliminary control system simulation results in a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system based on NH₃ sensor feedback. A four-state control-oriented lumped parameter model is used to analyze the controllability and observability properties of the urea-SCR plant. A model-based estimator is designed via simulation and a control system is developed with design based on a sliding mode control framework. The control system based on NH₃ sensor feedback is analyzed via simulation by comparing it to a control system developed based on NO_x sensor feedback. Simulation results show that the NH₃ sensor-based strategy performs very similarly in comparison to a NO_x sensor-based strategy. The control system performance metrics for NO_x index, urea index, urea usage, and NH₃ slip suggest that the NO_x sensor can be a potential alternative to a NO_x sensor for urea-SCR control applications.     

低成本SCR系统计量装置的设计

针对国Ⅳ排放标准全面实施的要求及国外类似SCR系统的高价格,设计了一种低成本的SCR系统计量装置.该装置的系统执行器部分均采用国内产品;控制器部分采用Freescale 9S12单片机,并采用配套的编译工具Codewarrior进行底层驱动程序的开发.通过对电磁阀流量的标定,为上层控制策略的制订奠定了基础.     

SCR技术的控制原理

即将实施的机动车国。。王小战。排放标准,对柴油机提出了更为苛刻的废气排放和节能要求,为了达到国Ⅳ排放标准．可通过SCR技术降低发动机的NOx排放,这是内燃机排放控制领域的技术突破。本文以康明斯ISk发动机为例．介绍选择性催化还原（SCR）技术的基本原理。     

PHEV模糊控制策略仿真

ADVISOR中自带的并联电辅驱动控制是基于工程经验的逻辑门限控制,它保证了发动机的效率,但却没能顾及发动机的经济性和排放性。文章基于ADVISOR软件平台,设计了PHEV模糊控制策略,并在MATLAB／SIMULINK环境下建立仿真模型,通过仿真验证了该策略的可行性和有效性。从仿真结果可以看出,相比电辅控制,文章提出的模糊控制策略能有效地提高车辆燃油经济性,降低排放,并使SOC的波动幅度减小,延长了电池组的使用寿命。     

依维柯:不采用废气再循环系统就能满足欧Ⅵ排放标准

面对欧Ⅵ排放法规,依维柯公司推出了新型的Cursor系列发动机。该系列发动机没有采用废气再循环系统,而是仅仅依靠SCR选择性催化还原技术就实现了满足欧Ⅵ排放法规规定的各项极限值。这些仅仅使用SCR技术的发动机由菲亚特动力系统公司(FPTArbon)开发设计。     

Carbon Deposit Incineration During Engine Flameout Using Non-Thermal Plasma Injection

In order to investigate the influence of initial regeneration temperatures on diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration, an experimental study of DPF regeneration was implemented using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, aided by exhaust waste heat after engine flameout. DPF trapping characteristics and carbon deposit mass were discussed to facilitate further data analysis and calculation. DPF regeneration was then investigated by comparison analysis of deposit removal mass, backpressure drop, and internal temperature change. The results revealed that a large amount of particulate matter (PM) was deposited in DPF with a high filtration efficiency of about 90 %. The deposit removal rate and percentage drop of the backpressure both maximized at the initial temperature of 100 °C. During DPF regeneration, the sharp rise of internal temperature indicated vigorous PM incineration and high CO₂ emission. The results successfully demonstrated DPF regeneration using non-thermal plasma injection during engine flameout, and prominent heat durability was achieved in this method.