汽车排气系统的模态分析

汽车排气系统同发动机和车体相连,为降低发动机工作过程对环境和乘员造成的影响,文章对排气系统进行了模态分析,并探讨了发动机的振动对汽车排气系统的影响,得出排气系统在各阶频率下的振型图。通过模态分析可知,发动机的激励频率对排气系统有一定影响,指出为避免排气系统发生共振,进行优化设计时,应使各阶的固有频率避开发动机的工作频率,改善排气系统的性能,延长使用寿命。     

某混合动力车型怠速不规则抖动问题的分析与解决

文章针对某混合动力车型怠速工况不规则抖动问题,采用振动测试明确了问题的抖动特征,并通过发动机怠速工况燃烧稳定性及动力总成悬置系统刚体模态测试结果,确认了产生抖动问题的原因,最终提出调整排气VVT相位来改善发动机怠速工况的燃烧稳定性,进而解决了车内不规则怠速抖动问题。该研究对解决混合动力新能源车型的怠速抖动问题具有重要参考意义。     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

转向系统固有频率设计研究

转向系统固有频率和整车怠速激励频率吻合而产生的共振是造成整车舒适性下降的重要原因。合适地设计转向系统的固有频率,是解决此类问题的有效手段。     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

Experimental investigations on the damping effect due to passengers on flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbody and basic studies on the mimicry of the effect with simple substitutions

The effect of passengers on a railway vehicle is usually considered as additional mass in designing a carbody. However, previous studies by means of stationary excitation tests or running tests using actual vehicles indicate that passengers behave not as mass but as damping. In this paper, the authors examined the passengers' damping effect under controlled excitation conditions on a roller rig through a series of excitation tests using a commuter-type vehicle. Large and multi-modal reductions of flexural vibrations of the carbody were observed when passengers existed. Influences of the number of passengers, distributions and postures of passengers were investigated. The authors also tried to mimic the damping effect by passengers using flexible tanks filled with fluids. Three kinds of fluids which have different viscosities have been tested. As a result of the excitation tests, good vibration reduction effects were observed by applying those tanks, and it has been found that the flexible tanks filled with fluids bring about vibration reduction effect (including multi-modal reduction) which is equal to or rather better than the case of similar mass of passengers in the carbody; the difference of viscosity gave little affect on the damping abilities. From these measurement results, a possibility of realising effective damping devices against flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbodies representing passengers damping effect, in a simple, economical and environmental friendly way, has been demonstrated.     

两自由度系统的自由振动实验

汽车行驶过程中会因为地面不平引起的冲击载荷、发动机工作的振动等原因而产生振动,当汽车振动的频率与车身固有频率相接近时,车身会产生很大的垂向加速度,不仅会使驾乘人员感到不适,还会造成车身结构的损坏。因此,对于汽车振动模型的研究就显得尤其重要。以搭建的两自由度系统的试验模型为研究对象,求得其在不同初始条件下实验的自由振动响应,来验证理论求解模型的正确性,为汽车平顺性的改善提供理论依据。     

Vibration Control of a Passenger Vehicle Utilizing a Semi-Active ER Engine Mount

This paper presents vibration control of a passenger vehicle using an electronically controllable electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. A mixed-mode ER engine mount operating under the flow and shear modes is devised and manufactured. After establishing the dynamic model of the proposed ER engine mount, both field-dependent displacement transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of the ER engine mount are empirically evaluated. The ER engine mount is then incorporated with a full-vehicle model in order to investigate vibration control performance at the driver's seat position. The governing equation of motion of the full-vehicle model is formulated by considering engine excitation force, followed by designing a skyhook controller to attenuate unwanted vibration. The controller is implemented through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), and control responses such as acceleration level at idle speed are evaluated in the frequency and time domains.     

Discomfort from feeling vehicle vibration

Vehicle refinement should include a consideration of the discomfort likely to be caused by vibration. This paper reviews the measurement, the evaluation, and the assessment of vehicle vibration felt by drivers and passengers.

The feeling of vibration that gives rise to judgements of vibration discomfort can be predicted using evaluation procedures that take into account human sensitivity to different magnitudes, frequencies, directions, and durations of vibration. The evaluation methods make it possible to optimise vehicles via dynamic modelling before the production of prototypes and they assist the testing and optimisation of prototypes and production vehicles.

Vibration evaluation provides imperfect predictions of discomfort when driver or passenger opinion is influenced by factors other than the vibration that is being measured and evaluated. Vibration evaluation can detect changes that are not detectable subjectively since smaller changes can be detected by measurement and evaluation than by subjective assessment.     

Vibration Control of a Passenger Vehicle Utilizing a Semi-Active ER Engine Mount

This paper presents vibration control of a passenger vehicle using an electronically controllable electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. A mixed-mode ER engine mount operating under the flow and shear modes is devised and manufactured. After establishing the dynamic model of the proposed ER engine mount, both field-dependent displacement transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of the ER engine mount are empirically evaluated. The ER engine mount is then incorporated with a full-vehicle model in order to investigate vibration control performance at the driver's seat position. The governing equation of motion of the full-vehicle model is formulated by considering engine excitation force, followed by designing a skyhook controller to attenuate unwanted vibration. The controller is implemented through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), and control responses such as acceleration level at idle speed are evaluated in the frequency and time domains.     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

考虑发动机起停优化的PHEV能量管理策略

针对某新型双电机行星耦合插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)中发动机在起停及怠速运行状态下会导致油耗增加的问题,基于等效燃油消耗最小能量管理策略,加入发动机起停优化控制模块,以进一步改善整车燃油经济性.建立了整车动力学和传动模型并加入发动机起停优化控制模块,对ECMS能量管理策略输出的发动机及电机最优目标转矩进行重新优化分配...     

基于能量法的组合梁桥拥堵车辆怠速振动所致疲劳损伤评估

针对拥堵车辆怠速振动造成的城市桥梁疲劳失效风险,利用ABAQUS建立车辆拥堵荷载作用下的车-桥耦合有限元模型,通过动力响应分析和应力循环计数,采用能量法以总应变能密度为损伤参量,计算4种拥堵工况下城市组合梁桥钢箱构造细节的疲劳累积损伤,并通过与规范标准疲劳车畅通运行状态时的损伤对比,综合评估车辆拥堵对城市组合箱梁桥疲劳...     

路面激励下的6700客车动力总成悬置系统性能分析

针对6700客车动力总成悬置系统在路面激励下的隔振性能进行了分析评估。建立了用于动力总成悬置系统性能分析的13自由度整车系统动力学模型,分析了系统的模态属性,重点讨论了考虑路面随机激励下的动力总成振动响应。对悬置系统隔振性能较差的问题进行了分析,找到了问题的主要原因是车架和悬置子系统存在沿Z向激励下的模态耦合。     

虚拟激励法人-车-路三质量车辆模型平顺性分析

为评价汽车平顺性,建立简化的人体-座椅、车身及车轮三质量1／4车辆模型,给出了该模型振动系统的频响特性公式,采用虚拟激励法,构造虚拟路面激励,运用matlab编程求取所建模型系统振动响应量的功率谱密度,并进行了行驶平顺性分析。结果表明,汽车行驶速度与道路路面条件是影响汽车行驶平顺性主要外在因素,为获得良好的汽车行驶平顺性,应加以改善;虚拟激励法用于求解车辆振动响应,快速高效,能很好地反映汽车行驶的平顺性,提高汽车平顺性设计水平与效率。     

利用A/T模型分析整车怠速振动性能

利用整车有限元模型计算出发动机曲轴转矩到驾驶员座椅和转向盘的加速度的传递函数,同时通过试验测量出发动机怠速时的输出转矩,因此,利用A/T模型可在汽车开发的前期较好地预测并控制整车怠速振动.最后以分析实例和试验验证了该方法在整车性能设计中的适用性和准确性.     

救护车卧姿乘员受振舒适性的评价研究

为合理地分析和评价救护车卧姿乘员的受振舒适性，开展了卧姿人体全身振动暴露的舒适性试验研究。通过对１３名志愿受试者３００多人次的试验，得到了卧姿人体全身振动暴露１ｍｉｎ降低舒适性的阈限，并据此导出了１６ｍｉｎ、２５ｍｉｎ、１ｈ、２．５ｈ、４ｈ、８ｈ、１６ｈ和２４ｈ对应的降低舒适性界限。建立了相应的舒适性评价方法，将其应用于某野战急救车的卧姿舒适性评价，取得了较好的效果。     

XMQ6116客车某车速大位移振动的试验分析与改进

XMQ6116客车车速稳定在40～45km/h时整个车身出现有规律的、大位移的振动。经测试发现,该振动是上下方向的、频率3～4Hz,接近人体上下方向的共振频率,驾驶员和乘客反应强烈。通过计算得知,共振时轮胎的激励频率与共振频率吻合,证明激励来自路面,改变轮胎的半径可以调节共振的车速;减小悬架刚度可以减小车身上下振动的刚体模态。     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

基于ADAMS的随机路面不平度建模及参数选择

车辆的垂直运动和俯仰运动会影响乘客的舒适性和安全性,垂向振动的激励除了发动机的激励,还取决于路面轮廓的不平度.应用谐波叠加法对路面不平度的特征能较好的拟合,并对生成的路面与国际标准的分级路面进行对比,分析谐波的数目对路面不平度均方根值有很大影响,证明生成时域信号的功率谱密度与标准规定的路面等级一致,可以作为研究车辆垂向...