柴油机相继增压故障切换过程的瞬态仿真

建立了相继增压柴油机一维非定常流动的仿真程序,针对某船用相继增压柴油机空气阀和燃气阀异常开闭时的切换过程进行了多组模拟计算,并把计算与试验结果进行了对比,符合较好。结果表明:空气阀和燃气阀同时打开时将使受控涡轮增压器压气机进入喘振区;燃气阀打开而空气阀延迟6 s以上打开时容易使得基本涡轮增压器压气机进入喘振区;燃气阀打开而空气阀打不开时将导致停机,两阀之间的定时对切换过程有很大的影响。     

相继增压对某型柴油机性能影响及喷油参数再优化

对某采用相继增压与可控进气涡流复合系统的柴油机建立了缸内仿真模型,分别对可控进气涡流系统和相继增压与可控进气涡流复合系统的燃烧过程进行仿真计算,结果表明,在低工况下后者排气中NOX、Soot的质量分数分别降低了54%和86.1%。并对相继增压与可控进气涡流复合系统柴油机喷油提前角、喷雾锥角进行了再优化仿真计算,结果表明,优化后喷油提前角为20°CA,喷雾锥角为155°。     

新颖船用CWJK23型遥控系统

ＣＷＪＫ２３型船用柴油机电气混和式遥控系统具有操纵主机的全部逻辑功能。系统采用模块化设计，并应用线性积分电路与精密比例压力调节阀ＭＰＰＥ－２匹配，驱动主机执行机构进行调速，大大缩短了气控管系，使实船安装调试简便，参数调整容易，配机特性好，适用于大多数采用气控操作的柴油机。     

燃油系统供油单元的配置研究

为了降低营运成本,越来越多的船舶柴油发电机燃用低质燃油(重油),已成为船舶建造发展趋势;而针对主辅机在航行中的不同运行工况和要求,燃油系统在设计中应如何合理配置供油单元,主辅机是共用一套还是各用一套,就此作了分析与研究。     

An investigation of the performance of an electronic in-line pump system for diesel engines

WIT Electronic Fuel System Co., Ltd. has developed a new fuel injector, the Electronic In-line Pump （EIP） system, designed to meet China＇s diesel engine emission and fuel economy regulations. It can be used on marine diesel engines and commercial vehicle engines through different EIP systems. A numerical model of the EIP system was built in the AMESim environment for the purpose of creating a design tool for engine application and system optimization. The model was used to predict key injection characteristics under different operating conditions, such as injection pressure, injection rate, and injection duration. To validate these predictions, experimental tests were conducted under the conditions that were modeled. The results were quite encouraging and in agreement with model predictions. Additional experiments were conducted to study the injection characteristics of the EIP system. These results show that injection pressure and injection quantity are insensitive to injection timing variations, this is due to the design of the constant velocity cam profile. Finally, injection quantity and pressure vs. pulse width at different cam speeds are presented, an important injection characteristic for EIP system calibration.     

Research on the impact of CeO2-based solid solution metal oxide on combustion performance of diesel engine and emissions

This paper mainly studies on the performance of high-speed diesel engines and emission reduction when the engine uses heavy oil mixed with nanometer-sized additives Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 and Ce0.9 Zr0.1 O2.During the test,Indiset 620 combustion analyzer made by AVL,was used to make a real-time survey on the cylinder pressure,the fuel ignition moment,and establish a relation between the change trend of temperature in cylinder and the crank angle.For the engine burning heavy oil and heavy oil mixed with additives,combustion analysis software Indicom and Concerto were used to analyze its combustion process and emission conditions.Experimental investigation shows that nano-sized complex oxide can improve the performance of diesel engine fueled with heavy oil,and reduce the emission of pollutants like NOx and CO,comparing it with the pure heavy oil.According to the consequences of this experiment,the additives improve the overall performance in the use of heavy oil.     

Influence of pre-injection control parameters on main-injection fuel quantity for an electronically controlled double-valve fuel injection system of diesel engine

A simulation model of an electronically controlled two solenoid valve fuel injection system for a diesel engine is established in the AMESim environment.The accuracy of the model is validated through comparison with experimental data.The influence of pre-injection control parameters on main-injection quantity under different control modes is analyzed.In the spill control valve mode,main-injection fuel quantity decreases gradually and then reaches a stable level because of the increase in multi-injection dwell time.In the needle control valve mode,main-injection fuel quantity increases with rising multi-injection dwell time;this effect becomes more obvious at high-speed revolutions and large main-injection pulse widths.Pre-injection pulse width has no obvious influence on main-injection quantity under the two control modes;the variation in main-injection quantity is in the range of 1 mm3.     

基于超高燃油喷射压力的喷雾特性试验研究与模型修正

为了研究超高压喷射条件下二次破碎喷雾模型对燃油雾化特性的影响,在AVL FIRE软件平台上对燃油喷雾过程进行数值模拟,搭建可视化喷雾闪光摄影试验台架。基于超高的燃油喷射压力对燃油的雾束发展形态进行了图像采集,利用试验结果对二次破碎喷雾模型进行修正,分析模型中主要参数对燃油雾化特性的影响。结果表明：KH波破碎时间常数 C2的减小有利于缩短喷雾贯穿距离,同时避免发生燃油撞壁现象;随着RT波波长常数C4的增大,二次破碎新生油滴的直径变大,雾化效果变差;由于首次破碎过程对二次破碎过程的制约作用,导致C4对喷雾计算结果的影响不像C2那样显著。     

基于BP神经网络的船用柴油机振动状态监测

通过监测柴油机表面振动信号,用时间序列分析方法提取柴油机故障的振动特征参数,以此建立相应的神经网络,用于船用柴油机的状态监测,提高诊断的准确性。试验研究在中速四冲程增压柴油机上进行。文中以柴油机气阀间隙异常的诊断和柴油机负荷状态的识别为例阐述了该方法的实现过程,并给出了振动信号的特征参数与柴油机工作状态之间的关系。研究表明,利用神经网络监测柴油机运行状态的变化是可行的和有效的。     

二甲醚闪急沸腾喷雾的实验研究(英文)

The high-speed digital imaging technique is applied to observe the developing process of flash boiling spray of dimethyl ether at low ambient pressure, and the effects of nozzle opening pressure and nozzle hole diameter on the spray shape, spray tip penetration and spray angle during the injection are investigated. The experimental results show that the time when the vortex ring structure of flash boiling spray forms and its developing process are determined by the combined action of the bubble growth and breakup in the spray and the air drag on the leading end of spray; with the enhancement of nozzle opening pressure, the spray tip penetration increases and the spray angle decreases. The influence of nozzle hole diameter on the spray tip penetration is relatively complicated, the spray tip penetration is longer with a smaller nozzle hole diameter at the early stage of injection, while the situation is just opposite at the later stage of injection. This paper establishes that the variation of spray angle is consistent with that of nozzle hole diameter.     

中压共轨电液气门驱动系统的试验分析

以2135柴油机为样机,在自主研发的柴油机电子-液压控制系统试验台上进行试验,通过试验了解不同参数对电控可变气门系统的影响规律,说明在该气门驱动系统下实现气门参数控制的方式。     

PA6-280柴油机的变工况多目标配气正时优化计算

建立了柴油机废气涡轮前的燃气能量和燃油消耗率的综合评价函数，采用多目标优化的方法，对PA6-280柴油机的进排气正时进行了优化计算，分析了配气正时的调控对柴油机性能的影响。     

柴油机燃用煤浆燃料的初步试验

通过煤浆燃料性能的研究及煤浆燃料对柴油机喷射系统特殊要求的分析，运用了隔离活塞喷射系统。该系统能较好地满足煤浆燃料的喷射要求。在单缸１１０５柴油机上运用隔离活塞喷射系统对燃用煤浆燃料作了一系列试验。试验结果证明在该机上燃用煤油浆是可行的，其工作情况良好     

可变喷油速率的电控单体泵喷射系统控制研究

利用 AMESim软件建立柴油机喷射系统仿真模型,对柴油机的结构参数进行匹配优化,选取5种比较合理的方案,并将其中的两组导入到 AVL-BOOST整机仿真模型中,选取最优的供油定时角。在定喷油量、定供油定时角前提下,将不同喷油速率导入到柴油机仿真模型当中,研究不同喷油速率对柴油机缸内温度、压力、排放、放热率以及油耗和转矩的影响。结果表明：合理的喷油速率和供油定时角能进一步优化柴油机的综合性能,同时选取1组动力性能和经济性比较好的方案,进行柴油机的台架试验,仿真和实验的误差在2%以内。结果表明仿真有助于探索柴油机的综合性能规律。     

某船用柴油机SCR系统匹配性能试验分析

针对某船用柴油机,在D2试验循环模式下进行原机和加装SCR系统后的性能对比试验,分析SCR反应器在无尿素喷射时对柴油机排气特性和经济性的影响,同时还分析按氮氨比为1∶1进行尿素喷射时SCR系统的工作性能。试验结果表明:柴油机安装SCR系统后,排气背压和排气温度均有所上升;经济性略有下降,额定工况下降低幅度在1%左右;虽然增压器后NOX排气浓度增大,但NOX质量流量下降幅度较大,额定工况下降幅度为12.3%,尿素基本喷射量标定计算应以加装SCR反应器后的柴油机排气参数为依据;NOX加权比排放由原机的12.63 g/k Wh降低到11.52 g/k Wh,降低了8.7%。按氮氨比为1∶1的比例进行尿素喷射时,SCR系统能满足Tire III的NOX排放限值要求。研究结果可为SCR系统设计和尿素喷射量的标定提供一定的指导依据。     

Analysis of Efficiency of the Ship Propulsion System with Thermochemical Recuperation of Waste Heat

One of the basic ways to reduce polluting emissions of ship power plants is application of innovative devices for on-board energy generation by means of secondary energy resources. The combined gas turbine and diesel engine plant with thermochemical recuperation of the heat of secondary energy resources has been considered. It is suggested to conduct the study with the help of mathematical modeling methods. The model takes into account basic physical correlations, material and thermal balances, phase equilibrium, and heat and mass transfer processes. The paper provides the results of mathematical modeling of the processes in a gas turbine and diesel engine power plant with thermochemical recuperation of the gas turbine exhaust gas heat by converting a hydrocarbon fuel. In such a plant, it is possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine by 20%. The waste heat potential in a gas turbine can provide efficient hydrocarbon fuel conversion at the ratio of powers of the diesel and gas turbine engines being up to 6. When the diesel engine and gas turbine operate simultaneously with the use of the LNG vapor conversion products, the efficiency coefficient of the plant increases by 4%–5%.     

基于AVL BOOST的船用柴油机典型故障仿真及其数据分析

[目的]大型船用柴油机故障类型的数据通过台架试验或者实船来获取存在许多不利因素,因此针对柴油机的故障仿真数值计算就显得尤为重要,同时对故障排除及数据驱动的智能故障诊断系统的构建也具有重要意义。[方法]基于AVL BOOST软件和台架试验数据,建立柴油机仿真模型,验证4种负荷工况下仿真模型需满足的精度要求;基于100%负荷工况模型,采用控制变量法模拟柴油机发火点提前、单缸停油及曲轴箱窜气这些典型故障,并分析计算得到的数据。[结果]结果表明:发火点提前5°时,缸内最高燃烧压力提高了17.4%;第1缸停缸后,有效油耗率上升近15%;对于不同气缸停油情况,第2号和3号气缸停油时的特征参数变化幅度较小;随着活塞有效窜气间隙的增加,各特征参数基本上呈线性扩大趋势,在窜气间隙值为0.04 mm时,部分特征参数急剧增加,例如油耗率增加了近40%。[结论]所得结果可作为柴油机故障状态识别及智能故障诊断系统构建的重要依据,为探索船舶柴油机智能故障诊断技术提供新的途径。     

可变截面涡轮增压瞬态性能仿真研究

为研究可变截面涡轮喷嘴开度对发动机的性能影响,建立GT-power和MATLB/Simulink联合仿真模型。采用GT-power软件建立的TBD234V12可变截面涡轮增压柴油机仿真模型研究发动机稳态性能,联合MATLB/Simulink软件建立的可变截面涡轮增压柴油机控制模型,对发动机瞬态性能进行仿真计算。结果表明:在发动机瞬态工况下,可变截面涡轮增压系统可以明显改善常规增压柴油机的动力性、经济性和动态响应特性,并且有效降低增压柴油机的时滞性,涡轮迟滞时间的降幅约为30%。     

柴油机米勒循环结合EGR的性能分析及优化

文章建立了增压柴油机米勒循环结合EGR(废气再循环)的热力学模型,利用模型分析了柴油机设计参数对其性能的影响,为米勒循环结合EGR的增压柴油机参数设计提供了理论依据。研究表明,要使WP7柴油机的热效率和平均有效压力同时提高,增压系统效率需大于0.7。同时,以柴油机转速为1 500 r/min外特性工况点的NO_X排放下降50%、最高爆发压力不超过原机为约束条件,对WP7柴油机参数进行了优化设计。优化结果表明,该方法将有效压缩比从18降低到15.5,再结合12%的EGR率,可以在保持柴油机经济性、动力性与原机基本一致的前提下,将NO_X排放下降50%以上。     

船用柴油机双燃料系统设计及其特性

随着排放法规的日趋严苛和运输市场竞争日益激烈,为降低航运业运营成本、保护环境,船舶发动机燃油系统不断被改进,双燃料发动机以其污染更少、燃料价格较低, 成为研究热点。本文介绍了一种新的船用柴油天然气双燃料系统,并为系统设计了性能可靠控气精准的组合喷射阀。为了提高系统适应性,设计了通过T-S模糊控制算法处理油耗和转速信息得出系统的天然气喷入量的控制系统,不安装限油装置,最大限度地利用了原柴油机的控制系统,通过发动机自身调节机构对引燃柴油量调节,安装简单方便。在台架实验中,双燃料发动机的替代率随着转速的升高逐渐增大,在额定转速（负荷）点工作时,替代率达到了73%,费用节省率达到了31%,运行可靠稳定。