基于动态摩擦系数测试仪的路面抗滑性能评价方法改进

速度是影响路面抗滑性能的重要因素,为改善路面抗滑性能评价中对速度因素考虑的不足,深入分析了路面抗滑性能对交通安全的影响以及交通安全评价对路面抗滑性能指标的需求。依托动态摩擦系数测试仪,构建了参考制动距离指标。该指标隐含了速度对路面抗滑性能的影响,具有清晰的物理意义,直观地反映了路面抗滑性能对交通安全的影响。通过11个路段、33个测点的现场测试和对比分析表明,基于动态摩擦系数测试仪的参考制动距离指标对抗滑性能的描述更为细致和准确,更为适应交通安全评价的需求。     

宣大高速公路水泥混凝土路面使用性能评价

结合宣大(宣化-大同)高速公路改建项目分析水泥混凝土路面使用性能评价原则、指标及方法。采用人工方法调查路面的损坏状况,车载式激光平整度仪测定路面平整度,摆式仪测定路面的摩擦系数,得出路面损坏状况指数PCI、路面行驶质量指数RQI、路面抗滑性能指数SRI,进而得到路面使用性能指数PQI;并采用落锤式弯沉仪测定路面弯沉值,得到路面结构强度指数PSSI。综合评定宣大高速公路现有路面使用性能,并提出相应的处治方案。     

对于SCRIM系统测定路面摩擦系数的探讨

路面抗滑性能是评价路面使用性能的一项重要指标,我国规范采用横向力系数(SFC)作为路面抗滑性能的主要检测指标,因此横向力系数的准确测定具有重要意义。本文介绍了单轮式横向力系数测试系统(SCRIM)的组成、测试原理以及规范规定的测试结果修正方法,提出了我国现有规范所规定的SCRIM测定路面摩擦系数试验存在的问题,并提出了相应建议。     

高速公路路面摩擦系数的测试与评价

描述国内外测试路面摩擦系数的几种主要设备，论述高速公路路面摩擦系数的测试和评价方法，同时对我国现行标准与规范中涉及摩擦系数测试和评价的有关规定提出修改建议。     

南方多雨地区SMA路面摩擦系数变化规律研究

通过对国内外SMA的调研及某项目完工阶段的SMA摩擦系数变化分析研究,表明SMA路面摩擦系数具有通车后短期增长幅度较大的特征,完工后1～5 d内测试的抗滑指标较高,5 d后检测的抗滑指标降低较多,通车后3～6月左右,摩擦系数指标呈现上升态势,之后稳定较长一段时间后再下降。选择在交工后的第一个夏季或交工验收后的12个月内进行测定,检测的抗滑数据更符合SMA实际性能,更具有代表性。针对交工阶段SMA路面横向力系数SFC60的测定和评定问题,提出了修订现行规范、提前采用机制砂磨除沥青膜和分阶段测定、独立评定3种解决对策。     

基于水泥路面槽参数的表面功能研究

为降低隧道混凝土路面交通事故,采用手动铺砂法、动态摩擦测试仪法、车载声强(OBSI)轮胎/路面噪声测试法对于刻槽水泥混凝土路面的构造深度、动态摩擦系数、轮胎/路面噪声进行了对比研究,结果表明:相同槽参数下,纵向刻槽动态摩擦系数稍大于横向刻槽;纵向噪声水平、最大声压级小于横向刻槽路面;随着槽深的减小、槽间距的增加,构造深度减小;槽间距的增大,纵向刻槽路面噪声、最大声压级随之减小;槽深增大,纵向刻槽路面噪声增大。     

水泥混凝土梁桥桥面整体化层抛丸处理工艺关键控制参数

抛丸处理工艺是水泥混凝土梁桥铺筑沥青铺装层前的重要工序.为确定水泥混凝土梁桥桥面整体化层抛丸处理工艺关键控制参数,采用平均断面路面构造深度(MPD)和摩擦系数(BPN)作为评价指标,分析不同抛丸速度、抛丸次数和表面浮浆对桥面整体化层粗糙度和摩擦系数的影响.依托广州新白云国际机场第二高速公路建设项目,验证了抛丸处理工艺的...     

高模量沥青及混合料动态模量研究

沥青及沥青混合料动态模量是评价其抵抗变形能力的关键指标,高模量沥青及混合料通过加强路面材料的动态模量,实现路面抗车辙目的。研究采用TLA改性沥青、35号硬质沥青HMB-C以及SBS改性沥青分别制备了高模量沥青及混合料,采用沥青流变仪及路面性能简单试验仪分别测定了沥青及混合料动态模量,并分析了CAM模型及Sigmoidal模型对高模量沥青及混合料的适用性。结果显示,30%TLA改性沥青与35号硬质沥青性能相近,沥青混合料流变性质与其胶结料流变特性密切相关;沥青及混合料动态模量优劣排序均为30%TLA>HMB-C>5%SBS;CAM模型可适用于预测高模量沥青动态模量,而Sigmoidal模型可用于预测高模量混合料动态模量。     

一种新型路面摩擦仪的设计

随着中国道路交通的快速发展,现有的路面摩擦系数测量设备测试速度较慢,效率偏低,而且许多都需要在室外道路上进行测试,在测试过程中还需要对交通进行中断处理。国内对路面摩擦系数的测量也较为简单,仪器测试的结果也不太准确,所以如果能研制出一台能实时测量并能模拟轮胎与路面之间相互作用的动态摩擦力测试仪器,并能检测车轮实时的滚动状况、滑动时的摩擦系数大小及受长期荷载作用下抗滑性能的变化规律,显得非常重要[1]。     

基于室内加速磨耗试验的SMA-13抗滑衰变规律研究

为研究SMA-13沥青混合料的抗滑衰变规律,对比分析了路面摩擦系数以及宏观构造这两个表征,并且对于沥青路面抗滑性能的检测方法以及指标进行了观察,在此基础上,采用自研的路面材料加速磨耗测试仪,对SMA-13混合料进行加速磨耗试验,通过摆式摩擦仪和人工铺砂法,分别测试了不同程度加速磨耗试验后的SMA-13混合料试件的摩擦系数和构造深度,进而研究SMA-13的抗滑衰变规律,结果表明:SMA-13混合料的构造深度与摩擦系数具有良好的相关性,在荷载作用初期,构造深度和摩擦系数衰减较快,后期趋于稳定。表明SMA路面的抗滑性能衰减主要发生在路面通车1~2 a的早期阶段,后期趋于稳定。采用对数法进行拟合,建立了摩擦系数和构造深度的相关性模型,将室内试验结果与工程实践进行对比,进一步验证了SMA-13沥青混合料及其路面抗滑性能的衰变规律。     

A real-time approach to robust identification of tyre–road friction characteristics on mixed-μ roads

ABSTRACT

The interaction between the tyre and the road is crucial for understanding the dynamic behaviour of a vehicle. The road–tyre friction characteristics play a key role in the design of braking, traction and stability control systems. Thus, in order to have a good performance of vehicle dynamic stability control, real-time estimation of the tyre–road friction coefficient is required. This paper presents a new development of an on-line tyre–road friction parameters estimation methodology and its implementation using both LuGre and Burckhardt tyre–road friction models. The proposed method provides the capability to observe the tyre–road friction coefficient directly using measurable signals in real-time. In the first step of our approach, the recursive least squares is employed to identify the linear parameterisation form of the Burckhardt model. The identified parameters provide, through a T–S fuzzy system, the initial values for the LuGre model. Then, a new LuGre model-based nonlinear least squares parameter estimation algorithm using the proposed static form of the LuGre to obtain the parameters of LuGre model based on recursive nonlinear optimisation of the curve fitting errors is presented. The effectiveness and performance of the algorithm are demonstrated through the real-time model simulations with different longitudinal speeds and different kinds of tyres on various road surface conditions in both Matlab/Carsim environments as well as collected data from real experiments on a commercial trailer.     

沥青路面抗滑性能研究现状与展望

作为未来道路交通荷载的主流形式,车辆的行驶稳定性与路面抗滑性能存在着直接关系,而且随着时间变化,沥青路面的抗滑性能受各种不确定性因素的影响。为了明确国内外沥青路面抗滑性能的研究现状,对胎-路接触力学模型和路面附着特性、动摩擦因数的计算方法、不确定性影响因素、抗滑性能评价指标和衰变模型以及抗滑性能在无人驾驶车辆安全性中的应用等热点问题研究进展进行了综述与总结,对比分析了现有沥青路面与橡胶轮胎的接触力学模型,探讨了设计、施工及运营阶段中的不确定性因素,归纳了现有沥青路面抗滑性能评价指标及衰变模型,最后论述了沥青路面抗滑性能的发展方向。分析结果表明：基于路表分形理论的Persson迟滞摩擦理论更适用于沥青路面动摩擦因数的计算要求,计入了橡胶对表面粗糙度的有关尺度变形响应及滑动摩擦的温度依存性;考虑路表峰值附着系数时变性的摩擦因数-滑移率（μ-s）曲线附着系数估算方法更能反映路面实际附着特性;当前沥青路面抗滑性能研究在胎-路相互作用机理、评价指标、衰变模型等方面研究不足,需要从时变性、统一性及车辆抗滑需求感应参数等方面进一步深入研究。推行基于时间效应的抗滑评价指标是沥青路面抗滑层设计与抗滑性能评价发展的必然趋势,也是提高中国沥青路面全寿命周期内服役水平的重要方法。     

论轮胎与路面间的摩擦

对轮胎与路面间摩擦产生的机理和影响因素进行了分析。其中产生的机理可归纳为轮胎与路面间分子引力的作用、轮胎与路面间的粘着作用、胎面橡胶的弹性变形及路面上小尺寸微凸体的微切削作用四种；影响轮胎与路面间摩擦的主要因素有滑移率，轮胎类型，胎面花纹的类型、密度系数、深度，路面粗糙度，路面污染情况，路面水膜，气候及充气压力等。     

基于多元因素的高速公路可变限速值计算方法研究

分析了高速公路限速的影响因素,总结了国内外高速公路限速值计算方法,在此基础上建立基于多元因素的高速公路可变限速值计算模型。该模型综合考虑交通量、道路线形、能见度,路面摩擦系数等因素,克服了静态限速存在的不足。     

Evaluation of emergency braking deceleration for accident reconstruction

Tire-road coefficient of friction is often used to estimate stopping distances and other aspects of accident reconstruction. The actual value that must be used in the calculations is often obtained from published data and sometimes measured on-site. While it depends mainly on tires, road surface, ambient conditions and speed, the effective stopping capability of a vehicle is influenced also by other parameters (car, driver, ABS, etc.). This paper presents a methodology that, exploiting data obtained with on-site measurements and/or published by technical press, allows the evaluation of the coefficient of friction and the stopping capability of a car. This is done by means of a computer program, based on a fuzzy logic approach.     

Closed-loop snowplow applicator control using road condition measurements

Closed-loop control of a snowplow applicator, based on direct measurement of the road surface condition, is a valuable technology for the optimisation of winter road maintenance costs and for the protection of the environment from the negative impacts of excessive usage of de-icing chemicals. To this end, a novel friction measurement wheel is designed to provide a continuous measurement of road friction coefficient, which is, in turn, utilised to control the applicator automatically on a snowplow. It is desired that the automated snowplow applicator deploy de-icing materials right from the beginning of any slippery surface detected by the friction wheel, meaning that no portion of the slippery road surface should be left untreated behind, as the snowplow travels over it at a reasonably high speed.

This paper describes the developed wheel-based measurement system, the friction estimation algorithm and the expected performance of the closed-loop applicator system. Conventional and zero velocity applicators are introduced and their hardware time delays are measured in addition to the time delay of the friction estimation algorithm. The overall performance of the closed-loop applicator control system is shown to be reliable at typical snowplowing speeds if the zero velocity applicator is used.     

Model-Based Road Friction Estimation

The tire/road friction coefficient, μ, has a significant role in vehicle longitudinal and lateral control, and there has been associated efforts to measure or estimate the road surface condition to provide additional information for stability augmentation systems of automobiles. In this paper, a model based road friction estimation algorithm is proposed from easily measured signals such as yaw rate and wheel speed. For the development of the estimator, a low order vehicle model incorporated with simple but effective tire model. Field tests of the estimator using actual vehicle measurements show promising results.     

水泥混凝土路面抗滑性能变化规律探讨

路面应具有保障行车安全的功能,而这主要取决于路面的抗滑性能。反应路面抗滑能力的重要技术指标是路面的摩擦系数和构造深度。抗滑构造、路面湿度、行车速度和构造深度是影响摩擦系数的重要因素。通过测试多条水泥混凝土道路路面的摩擦系数和构造深度,经过数据分析研究得出,刻槽抗滑构造的路面抗滑稳定性高于拉毛构造,路面摩擦系数随速度增加线性下降;水泥混凝土道路在使用1~4 a内,高速行驶时的摩擦系数受路龄影响下降较多,而到7~10 a时,低速时的摩擦系数随路龄增加下降的较多;摩擦系数下降百分率受构造深度影响,随构造深度增大而增加,只有合适的构造深度才能有最好的抗滑性能。     

冰雪路面摩擦系数的影响因素研究

冬季道路的表面通常覆盖着多层积雪,重交通量的路段积雪较薄,其厚度一般不足几厘米。积雪状态的变化直接影响着路面安全性,冰雪使路面变得非常湿滑,湿滑的路面条件由多种类型的积雪引起,本研究同时测量了冰面轮胎的静摩擦系数与动摩擦系数。     

Investigation of Features of Tyre Rolling at Non-Small Velocities on the Basis of a Simple Tyre Model with Distributed Mass Periphery

SUMMARY

On the basis of the brush-type tyre model the paper considers the interaction between steady-state rolling deformable wheel and flat road surface as well as corresponding force and moment characteristics of the wheel.

At least two zones of sliding, anisotropic dry friction, sliding friction coefficient speed-dependent and instantaneous leap of the friction coefficient when transition from sliding to adhesion zone occurs, have been taken into account, as well as distributed peripheral mass of tyre, elasticity, pseudo-dry friction and damping properties in radial, tangential and lateral directions of the elements at the wheel periphery, including a visco-elastic belt. Vertical force distribution in the contact area is not supposed to be known in advance and follows from the calculation. As a result, sliding zone lengths, distributed forces in contact area, six components of generalized road reaction reduced to the wheel center, and rolling resistance moment are found as functions of vertical load, movement velocity, longitudinal and side slip, friction in contact area with road, stiffnesses, dry friction and damping in the tyre model elements and of distributed peripheral mass.

A computer program developed in Fortran and results of calculations are of particular interest for qualitative analysis including steady rolling of studded tyre and also racing car and aircraft tyres which peripheral mass shows itself in a special way because of great movement velocities.