规费差别征收与货车结构调整

营业性道路货运车辆结构调整,是当前提高道路运输服务水平和保障公路交通安全、畅通的重点问题之一.改革现行交通规费和公路通行费征收办法,对养路费、货运附加费、车辆购置税、运管费和高速公路、国省道公路的通行费实行分类差别标准征收的措施,是交通部门提高经济调节能力、加快运输结构调整、保障公路安全畅通的重要手段.     

广西水运规费征收的现状和对策趋议

自“八五”期间全面开征水运规费以来,广西全区各项水运规费征收管理工作取得了令人瞩目的成绩。但是,随着水运市场经济和港航体制改革的不断深入发展,广西水运规费征收管理当中的各种矛盾和问题也日益凸现,对此,文章提出了一些解决的办法和措施,以供参考借鉴。     

收缩还是竞争:道路客运的两难悖论

公铁竞争的主要领域多集中在运输通道上.运输通道一般指两点(主要的经济中心、重要城市)之间有着密集的客货流,由多种运输方式同时提供运输服务,具有强大运输能力的地带.     

试论水运规费的改革

<正> 改革开放以来,我国水运有了长足进步,个体专业户勃兴、长江旅游客运红火、沿海航运走俏、京杭运河等一批干线航道整治竣工。但与兄弟行业相比,水运的发展远远没有铁路、公路、航空那样辉煌,水运在运输结构内部的比重还在不断降低,水运企业普遍亏损。如何适应形势的发展?水运如何迈进21世纪?笔者认为,水运业亟需尽快进行一系列的深刻、广泛的改革。笔者长期在基层从事水运管理工作,现从县乡基层角度出发,就广大水运业主非常关心的水运规费的改革问题,谈一些认识。     

“强强联合”还是“强强竞争”？

公路与铁路在客运方面的竞合曾经惨烈,互有胜负。航空与铁路的竞合究竟鹿死谁手7众说纷纭。11月16日,飞了19年的重庆至成都3u8624次航班见证了一段成渝航铁竞争落幕的历史,“空中穿梭快巴”插翅难飞．给道路运输业同样带来鲜活的案例和直观的启示,本期语录将带领读者领略最近的一些新鲜言论。     

公铁竞争:出水才看两腿泥

随着京津,武广、郑西、沪宁高铁的先后开通.公路客运业遭遇前所未有的行业生存危机,一些长途客运线路客流量明显减少,与高铁重复的城际间公路客运票价大幅缩水,公路客运面临空前的市场压力.     

收费公路规费稽查管理系统的开发

<正>我国收费公路从80年代开始兴起,至今已有近20年的历史。通行费的有效征收、最大限度地杜绝各种人为贪污作弊现象已成为各高速公路管理部门最为关心的问题之一。目前,我国所建的高速公路上,大多是采用人工收费,收费过程中存在明显漏洞,各种舞弊行为普遍存在。随着我国公路建设的飞速发展,收费高速公路越来越多;同时各高速公路对现有收费系统的改造仍需要很长一段时间,因此有必要根据人工收费出现的一些问题建立现代化的稽查管理系统,以加强现阶段的收费管理工作。     

封杀海航:阻碍竞争?助推竞争?

外有高铁兵临城下,内有同行激烈竞争,让机票不得不放下原本高高在上的身段,改走低价促销路线,但这条路却远没有看上去那样简单.海航因在春运前夕逆市推出超低折扣的机票,而被包括国航、川航、东航和南航在内的多家航空公司集体封杀--航空公司集体旗下多家航空公司的机票.     

深化征稽改革 征好公路规费

<正> 湖北省征稽局与省公路运输局一门两牌,合署办公,从今年4月1日起,原由运管部门征收的客、货运附加费改由征稽部门征收,人员同级划转。这样,全省征稽部门“四费合一”。去年,全省征稽工作经过大胆探索,狠抓落实,各项工作都取得了较好成绩。养路费、车     

交通规费与道路运输行业竞争力

目前,社会反映道路通行费偏高的呼声比较强烈,道路运输成本高、企业负担重等问题已经严重影响到行业竞争力的提高     

Ex-post analysis of impacts of the car registration fee in the Czech Republic

Currently, the influence of transportation and its impact on environmental indicators throughout the world are increasing; however, governments of particular countries try to implement new economic instruments with the expectations of changing people’s behaviour or at least environmental parameters of the motor vehicle fleet. The Government of the Czech Republic introduced a new economic instrument, which came into force on 1 January 2009 and was inspired by similar environmental taxes in Member States of the European Union – the car registration fee, which is based on emission parameters of cars. The main target of this fee has been to change the structure of the passenger car fleet in the Czech Republic, particularly to support new registrations of new passenger cars with better environmental characteristics and to decrease the share of new registrations of used passenger cars. This article focuses on an ex-post analysis of impacts of the car registration fee on the structure of the passenger car fleet in the Czech Republic and its environmental characteristics in the first 3 years after the legal mandate of the fee. The case study is based on a correlation analysis and an analysis of statistical data from official sources in the Czech Republic. The impacts of the car registration fee on both the structure of the passenger car fleet in the Czech Republic and the environmental characteristics of new registrations are significant. For the first time since 2004, the number of new registrations of new cars was higher in the period 2009–2011 than the number of new registrations of used cars. Moreover, the share of alternative fuel cars in the passenger car market is increasing and the emissions from private car transport are decreasing.     

Willingness to accept commuting time within the household: stated preference evidence

In this study, stated preference data is used to derive estimated values of commuting time (VOCT). Both spouses in two-earner households are individually making trade-offs between commuting time and wage; both with regard to their own commuting time and wage only, as well as when both their own commuting time and wage and their spouse’s commuting time and wage are simultaneously changed. Thus, we are able to compare how male spouses and female spouses value each other’s commuting time. When only ones own commuting time and wage are attributes, the empirical results show that the estimated VOCT is plausible with a tendency towards high values compared to other studies, and that VOCT does not differ significantly between men and women. When decisions affecting commuting time and wage of both spouses are analyzed, both spouses value the commuting time of the wife highest. Further analysis show that this result is driven by households where the man has the highest income. If VOCT were to be gender specific in policy implications, the value might be higher for women than for men in two-earner households.     

Travel time prediction and departure time adjustment behavior dynamics in a congested traffic system

This paper examines two heuristic rules proposed for describing urban commuters' predictions of travel time as well as the adjustments of departure time in response to unacceptable arrivals in their daily commute under limited information. It is based on the notion that the magnitude of the predicted travel time depends on each commuter's own experience, including recallable travel time, schedule delay, and difficulties in searching for a satisfactory departure time. An explanatory analysis is first performed to compare these two rules, based on the information provided by a set of commuters interacting over 24 days through a simulated traffic system. A more elaborate model specification which captures the dynamic interrelation between the commuter's cumulative and recent experience with the traffic system's performance is then proposed. The model parameters are estimated with explicit consideration of the serial correlation arising from repeated decisions by the same individuals and the contemporaneous interaction with other system users' decisions through the traffic system's performance.     

On dynamics of traffic queues in a road network with route choice based on real time traffic information

Introducing real time traffic information into transportation network makes it necessary to consider development of queues and traffic flows as a dynamic process. This paper initiates a theoretical study of conditions under which this process is stable. A model is presented that describes within-one-day development of queues when drivers affected by real-time traffic information choose their paths en route. The model is reduced to a system of differential equations with delay. Equilibrium points of the system correspond to constant queue lengths. Stability of the system is investigated using characteristic values of the linearised minimal face flow. A traffic network example illustrating the method is provided.     

Reprint of: Modelling the impact of traffic incidents on travel time reliability

Traffic incidents are recognised as one of the key sources of non-recurrent congestion that often leads to reduction in travel time reliability (TTR), a key metric of roadway performance. A method is proposed here to quantify the impacts of traffic incidents on TTR on freeways. The method uses historical data to establish recurrent speed profiles and identifies non-recurrent congestion based on their negative impacts on speeds. The locations and times of incidents are used to identify incidents among non-recurrent congestion events. Buffer time is employed to measure TTR. Extra buffer time is defined as the extra delay caused by traffic incidents. This reliability measure indicates how much extra travel time is required by travellers to arrive at their destination on time with 95% certainty in the case of an incident, over and above the travel time that would have been required under recurrent conditions. An extra buffer time index (EBTI) is defined as the ratio of extra buffer time to recurrent travel time, with zero being the best case (no delay). A Tobit model is used to identify and quantify factors that affect EBTI using a selected freeway segment in the Southeast Queensland, Australia network. Both fixed and random parameter Tobit specifications are tested. The estimation results reveal that models with random parameters offer a superior statistical fit for all types of incidents, suggesting the presence of unobserved heterogeneity across segments. What factors influence EBTI depends on the type of incident. In addition, changes in TTR as a result of traffic incidents are related to the characteristics of the incidents (multiple vehicles involved, incident duration, major incidents, etc.) and traffic characteristics.     

Use of the box and Jenkins time series technique in traffic forecasting

This paper explores the use of recently developed time series techniques for short term traffic volume forecasts. A data set containing monthly volumes on a freeway segment for the years 1968 through 1976 is used to fit a time series model. The resulting model is used to forecast volumes for the year 1977. The forecast volumes are then compared to actual volumes in 1977. The results of this study indicate that time series techniques can be used to develop highly accurate and inexpensive short term forecasts. A discussion of the ways in which such models can be used to evaluate the effects of policy changes or other outside impacts is included.     

On including travel time reliability of road traffic in appraisal

In many countries, decision-making on proposals for national or regional infrastructure projects in passenger and freight transport includes carrying out a cost–benefit analysis for these projects. Reductions in travel times are usually a key benefit. However, if a project also reduces the variability of travel time, travellers, freight operators and shippers will enjoy additional benefits, the ‘reliability benefits’. Until now, these benefits are usually not included in the cost–benefit analysis. To include reliability of travel or transport time in the cost–benefit analysis of infrastructure projects not only monetary values of reliability, but also reliability forecasting models are needed. As a result of an extensive feasibility study carried out for the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development this paper aims to provide a literature overview and outcomes of an expert panel on how best to calculate and monetise reliability benefits, synthesised into recommendations for implementing travel time reliability into existing transport models in the short, medium, and long term. The paper focuses on road transport, which has also been the topic for most of the available literature on modelling and valuing transport time reliability.     

The congestion multiplier: Variations in motorists’ valuations of travel time with traffic conditions

The value of travel time savings in part depends upon the disutility of the travel time that is saved and partly on the use to which the time saved is put. It has long been recognised that the disutility of the time spent travelling also depends upon a wide range of factors such as the journey length or the effort, comfort and safety associated with travelling.Hence we might expect the value of motorists’ travel time to vary with the traffic conditions as represented by the degree of congestion, in part to reflect the more difficult driving environment when there are more vehicles, but also a higher sense of frustration, similar to that associated with waiting time and contributing to its premium valuation.In this context, and despite the predominance of car travel in developed countries, the empirical evidence specifically relating to car values of travel time tends to fail to distinguish between different types of time according to the degree of congestion. Thus we are often left unclear as to precisely what type of time has been valued. Moreover, when a distinction is made, it tends to be into a simple dichotomy of congested and uncongested traffic.This paper provides new evidence on the variation in the valuation of motorists’ travel time savings across a finer gradation of types of time than has been hitherto attempted. This is obtained from the same Stated Choice exercise conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States. The paper also provides an extensive account of previous research into how congestion impacts on motorists’ values of time.     

Assessing the viability of enabling a round-trip carsharing system to accept one-way trips: Application to Logan Airport in Boston

Although one-way carsharing is suitable for more trip purposes than round-trip carsharing, many companies in the world operate only in the round-trip market. In this paper, we develop a method that optimizes the design of a one-way carsharing service between selected origin–destination pairs of an existing round-trip carsharing system. The goal is to supplement the established round-trip services with new one-way services and increase profitability. We develop an integer programming model to select the set of new one-way services and apply it to the case study of Boston, USA, considering only trips with one endpoint at a station in the round-trip Zipcar service network and the other endpoint at Logan Airport. The airport was chosen as a necessary endpoint for a one-way service because it is a very significant trip generator for which the round-trip carsharing is not suitable. Results show that these supplemental one-way services could be profitable. Enabling relocation operations between the existing round-trip stations and the Airport greatly improves the demand effectively satisfied, leads to an acceptable airport station size (in terms of the number of parking spots required), and is profitable; however, these benefits come with the need to manage relocation operations.     

Properties of a traffic control policy which ensure the existence of a traffic equilibrium consistent with the policy

We consider a network with interactions and capacity constraints at each junction. We give conditions on the interactions and constraints which, if satisfied at each separate junction, ensure that any feasible assignment problem has an equilibrium solution. Two illustrative examples are provided; the first arises naturally and does not satisfy our conditions, while the second does satisfy our conditions but is somewhat unnatural.