FHC-AB型节能涂料在油田注汽锅炉中的应用

针对油田专用高压注汽锅炉燃料消耗过大的问题,引进FHC-AB新型节能涂料,涂刷在油田高压注汽锅炉受热炉管表面上,经检验,锅炉热效率提高2%,节能效果良好.     

新型防水珍珠岩制品在稠油热采注汽管道上的应用

稠油热采注汽管道采用的保温材料种类很多，但保温效果均不理想，热损失大，平均热效率只有９３．７７％。因此，保温材料的选择是提高保温热效率的关键问题之一，本文介绍了新型防水珍珠岩制品在稠油热采注汽管道上的应用，它并指出其管道保温热效率可达９５．４２％，对稠油热采注汽系统的节能具有一定的推广价值。     

乙醇HCCI燃烧特性试验研究

文中对一台双缸四冲程自然吸气直喷柴油机上进行了乙醇的HCCI的试验,试验分析了过量空气系数和进气温度对乙醇均质压燃燃烧特性的影响。研究结果表明:发动机缸压和压力升高率峰值随着进气温度的上升而增加,并且峰值压力也会提前;过量空气系数的增大,缸压和压力升高率减小。与较小的过量空气系数相比,峰值压力的出现明显推迟。过量空气系数对压力升高率的影响较小,但对放热率的影响相当大。     

地面注汽管线表面散热损失影响因素分析

文中采用Fluent模拟与理论计算结合比较的方法,研究了不同因素对蒸汽管道散热损失的影响规律,并分析了理论计算模型的相对误差.发现增加注汽管线距地面高度,对其散热损失影响较弱;空气温度升高,注汽管道表面散热损失降低;风速和表面发射率对注汽管线表面热损失影响较大;数值模拟结果与理论计算数据相对误差较大.     

过量空气系数与汽车排放物之间的灰色关联度分析

汽车排放污染物是发动机混合气燃烧反应的产物,影响汽车排放的因素也比较复杂,本文选用定转速和定负荷两种情形分别计算并分析过量空气系数对汽车排放污染物的影响,并应用灰色理论计算出汽车排放污染物各成分浓度与过量空气系数间的关联度。通过对计算结果作的相应的分析,为综合分析汽车排放污染物各成分间的关系提出了新的方法。     

管式注汽锅炉结垢成因分析及处理方法研究

由于油田注汽锅炉的先天缺陷及操作技术等客观因素的影响 ,使炉管内不可避免地产生水垢和腐蚀。导致锅炉系统压力增高 ,压差增大 ,降低了锅炉热效率。严重时还会造成爆管事故。结合除垢施工过程所发现的问题 ,就锅炉结垢的原因及处理方法做进一步的探讨     

均质压燃排放实验研究

更为严格的排放法规,是对国内外发动机设计与改造的巨大挑战。均质压燃(HCCI)作为一种新型燃烧模式,为低排放发动机提供了发展方向,也为内燃机设计提供了广阔视野。本文通过传统柴油机上的HCCI实验,验证了正庚烷的两阶段放热,并研究了进气温度和过量空气系数对HCCI排放的影响。     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

发动机进气门旋回流流量系数

本研究对空气通过螺旋型进气道在发动机进气门附近所产生空气旋流与进气门流量系数的关系进行了探讨。空气是通过安装于进气道蜂窝状旋流器旋转的,流量系数是由变换旋流器速度和气门升程决定,同时导出了旋回气流通过进气门流量系数的计算公式。研究证明,在气门升程较高时旋回流的强度对流量系数影响较大,而气门升程低时旋回流的影响受到了控制。     

公路隧道太阳能自然通风系统设计与实现

传统隧道在进行通风时存在效率低、自然通风负压不达标、机械风机通风能耗大等问题,为了解决这一问题,文章提出了太阳能自然通风系统,该系统通过对太阳能热效率进行利用实现空气的加热,进而对"热和光进行转换利用",达到节能减排的目的。本文首先对公路隧道太阳能自然通风系统设计的意义进行了分析,然后对公路隧道太阳能自然通风系统的基本原理进行了分析,最后对太阳能自然通风系统的设计与实现进行了探讨。     

公路网规划环境影响评价内容、程序和方法体系研究

在总结研究目前国内已有公路网规划环境影响评价工作的基础上,根据规划环境评价的目标要求和公路网规划的实际,提出了包括内容、程序和方法等的公路网规划环境影响评价体系,提高现有公路网规划环境评价能力和未来公路网规划环境评价质量。     

Walking,cycling and the urban form: A Heckman selection model of active travel mode and distance by young adolescents

Physical inactivity of children and adolescents is a major public health challenge of the modern era but, when adequately promoted and nurtured, active travel offers immediate health benefits and forms future sustainable and healthy travel habits. This study explores jointly the choice and the extent of active travel of young adolescents while considering walking and cycling as distinct travel forms, controlling for objective urban form measures, and taking both a “street-buffer” looking at the immediate home surroundings and a “transport-zone” looking at wider neighborhoods. A Heckman selection model represents the distance covered while cycling (walking) given the mode choice being bicycle (walk) for a representative sample of 10–15 year-olds from the Capital Region of Denmark extracted from the Danish national travel survey. Results illustrate the necessity of different urban environments for walking and cycling, as the former relates to “street-buffer” urban form measures and the latter also to “transport-zone ” ones. Results also show that lessening the amount and the density of car traffic, diminishing the movement of heavy vehicles in local streets, reducing the conflict points with the density of intersections, and intervening on crash frequency and severity, would increase the probability and the amount of active travel by young adolescents. Last, results indicate that zones in rural areas and at a higher percentage of immigrants are likely to have lower probability and amount of active travel by young adolescents.     

The role of public authorities

Advances in information technology and telecommunications are opening up the possibility of transforming the capture, application and dissemination of information on transport operations and road traffic, at the same time as growing congestion makes accurate and timely information more valuable than ever to users and managers. Because of open access to road networks, public authorities are bound to intervene in the field of travel information: in the provision of infrastructure, the handling of the information, the licensing of services, and the regulation of users affecting safety or social well-being. The paper discusses these rôles and the levels at which they may be exercised, with particular reference to standardisation issues in Europe and internationally.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

分形理论在油气储运工程中的应用综述

介绍了分形理论的基本思想。综述了分形理论在油气储运工程中多个领域（如油气水多相流流型识别、管道腐蚀评定、管道粗糙表面的分形模拟、管道疲劳裂纹分形研究等方面）的应用和研究成果,并提出了需要深入研究和完善的5个方面。     

交通运输能耗与排放统计监测平台及应用研究

在我国交通运输行业节能减排的背景下,本文以交通运输行业能耗特点与统计监测方法为基础,建立涵盖了公路客运、公路货运、城市公交、城市出租、水路运输、港口生产等行业的能耗碳排统计监测系统,分析了省级交通运输能耗与排放特点,明确了能耗数据统计对象与内容,并对能耗数据采集的方法进行了研究,建立了省级交通运输能耗统计监测系统,并以辽宁省交通运输为依托,对全省交通运输行业能耗统计监测系统进行了验证与应用,同时也为交通运输行业的节能减排提供了决策支撑和数据支持。     

A new approach for modeling of Fundamental Diagrams

According to the intra-vehicle interaction, a traffic flow can generally be divided into three homogeneous states (1) that of free driving, (2) that of bunched driving, and (3) that of standing. The parameter describing the state of free driving is the desired speed, for the state of bunching it is the intra-vehicle gaps (time headway) within the convoy and the mean speed of the convoy, and for the state of standing it is the maximum jam density. These are the most essential parameters which do not depend on the actual traffic situation.This paper introduces a new model which considers the Fundamental Diagram (equilibrium speed–flow–density relationship) as a function of the homogeneous states. All traffic situations in reality can be considered as combinations of the homogeneous states and therefore can be described by the essential parameters mentioned above. The non-congested (fluid) traffic is a combination (superposition) of the states of free driving and bunched driving, the congested (jam, stop, and go) traffic is a combination of the states of bunched driving (go) and standing (stop). The contribution of the traffic states within the differently congested traffic situations can then be easily obtained from the queuing and probability theory. As a result, Fundamental Diagram in all equilibrium traffic situations is derived as simple functions of the essential parameters.According to the new model the capacity of freeways and rural highways can be determined by measuring the essential parameters. This is much easier than measuring the capacity directly.Furthermore, the probabilities of the various traffic states can be obtained from the new model. This leads to new possibilities in real-time controlling and telematics.The new model is verified by comprehensive measurements carried out on freeways and rural highways in Germany.     

飞机轮迹横向分布测试系统的比选分析

文章介绍了国外机场相关轮迹横向分布测试系统,以及国内公路轮迹横向分布测试方法,通过分析各个测试系统的技术原理与系统自身的优缺点,并结合具体工程实例应用,综合考虑国内机场安全及运行管理要求,选取出一套最便捷、合适的机场跑道轮迹横向分布测试系统,为我国机场飞机轮迹横向分布数据收集提供参考。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。