冲击波和气泡脉动联合作用下加筋板的毁伤仿真研究

运用有限元程序MSC．Dytran对无限水域近场非接触爆炸冲击波和气泡脉动载荷下加筋板的毁伤进行研究,分析两种冲击载荷的不同作用方式、作用位置和毁伤效果。在此基础上分析加筋板结构和气泡脉动的相互影响,距离参数的改变对气泡中心移动方向、射流方向和射流强度的影响。并对Blake准则在弹性结构边界下的使用范围进行探讨。     

水翼叶顶间隙漩涡空化流动特性研究

采用试验的方法研究了不同空化数下水翼叶顶间隙区域漩涡空化流动的发展变化。试验在闭式空化水洞中进行,采用高速全流场显示技术对空化流场进行观测,并采用图像处理技术对试验结果进行处理,提出空化涡模型,阐述了涡空化的发展规律。研究结果表明:随着空化数的降低,叶顶间隙漩涡空化的发展主要经历如下三个阶段:(I)泄露涡内部空化初生阶段:在水翼中部附近产生游离状空化,向下游运动并迅速溃灭消失。(II)叶顶间隙内部附着空化发展阶段:涡空化逐渐发展并向水翼尾缘延伸,空化涡带呈螺旋状非轴对称旋转;叶顶位置压力面中部附近开始出现片状附着型空化,并体现出强烈的非定常特性。(III)射流剪切层内部空化形成阶段:涡空化延伸至水翼下游;叶顶附着空化充分发展,充满间隙并形成射流剪切层空化,和空化涡带共同形成三角状空化结构。     

二维水翼非定常空泡流数值模拟

对非稳态空泡流现象的研究已成为当今一个研究重点。空泡非稳态脱落及其内部流动结构越来越受到研究人员的关注,但对其研究目前仍主要依靠实验手段。发展有效的数值模拟方法研究相关的机理具有重要的意义。本文从RANS方程入手,采用状态方程空化模型和计及可压缩性的SIMPLEC算法,实现了二维水翼CAV2003非定常空泡流动的数值模拟。研究了空泡从初生、发展、断裂,以及最终空泡在下游高压区溃灭的整个过程。计算表明,回射流并非完全液相的,而是汽液两相的。近壁面的回射流是导致空泡脱落的主要原因。最后,通过与第五届国际空泡会议上发表的7篇文献的对比,发现本文的计算结果是合理的。     

基于SPH方法的M型快艇入水载荷仿真分析

[目的]为研究M型快艇典型截面结构入水过程中受到的水动力载荷,[方法]基于光滑粒子动力学(SPH)液-气两相流算法,模拟平板和弓形模型的入水过程,以验证所用算法的精确性。在此基础上,模拟M型快艇典型截面结构的入水过程,并与相关文献的试验结果进行比较。[结果]结果显示:两种结构入水过程的仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好。M型快艇入水过程中存在二次砰击现象,即在主船体斜升角较大时会导致第1次砰击载荷较小,若斜升角过大时第2次砰击过程中结构则受到的砰击载荷会显着增加。[结论]研究结果表明,SPH两相流算法可以很好地模拟M型快艇入水过程,斜升角的设计大小应适当。     

基于间断有限元方法的可压缩水高速冲击平板特性研究

基于任意欧拉拉格朗日（ALE）方法,忽略流体的粘性,建立水射流冲击刚性平板的数值模型。为了更为精确地捕捉流场中压力波,该文推导了在ALE框架下的间断有限元方法。该方法易于提高数值离散的空间精度,数值稳定性较
　　好,利于精确模拟高速水射流冲击过程。对于自由液面的变形,采用径向基函数方法确定网格单元的速度。该方法采用边界网格节点的信息去推导出内部网格节点的信息,不需要单元信息。平头水柱射流冲击的数值结果与Autodyn的数值结果吻合较好。在验证方法合理性的基础上,文中对平头及圆头水柱中压力波的分布特性进行了分析。数值结果表明：当冲击在平板表面时,会在产生一个压力波之后向水域内传播,且使得平板受到较大压力的作用。此外,圆头水柱的射流冲击将会产生一个更大的压力峰值。     

浸没式穿孔板对超大型浮体的水弹性响应影响（英文）

Scattering of oblique flexural-gravity waves by a submerged porous plate in a finite water depth is investigated under the assumptions of linearized surface waves and small-amplitude structural response. The study is carried out using eigenfunction expansions and the corresponding orthogonal mode-coupling relations associated with flexural-gravity waves in uniform water depth. The characteristics of the roots of the complex dispersion relation are examined using the principle of counting argument and contour plot. Characteristics of the flexural-gravity waves are studied by assuming both the floating elastic plate and the submerged porous plate are infinitely extended in horizontal directions. The effectiveness of the submerged porous structure on the reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients is analyzed for various wave and structural parameters.     

On the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a plate

This paper deals with the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in pontoon-type very large floating structures (VLFS) using a simple beam modeling, where the term hydroelastic waves means propagation of deflection vibrations in VLFS. The purpose of this paper is to show the properties of the hydroelastic waves. The dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves propagating in an infinite plate floating on the water is derived based on the linear water wave theory. The effects of the water depth and of the bending rigidity of the floating plate on the wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the hydroelastic waves are shown theoretically or numerically. Then, the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a finite plate floating on shallow water is investigated. It is shown that the wavelength or the phase velocity of the hydroelastic waves varies with the location in the plate. Received for publication on April 7, 1999; accepted on Aug. 20, 1999     

通气空泡流中洞壁效应对空化数和压力场影响的研究

文章在均质平衡多相流模型的基础上耦合输运方程型空化模型,通过求解混合介质的RANS方程、RNG k-ε湍流输运方程以及各相的质量输运方程,采用通用CFD软件—FLUENT数值模拟了水洞中带圆盘空化器航行体模型的定常通气空泡流动,研究了圆形截面闭式空泡水洞中洞壁效应对通气空化数和压力场的影响。得到的阻塞空化数线性正比于圆盘水洞直径比,且与三维圆盘自然空泡流的势流近似解基本一致,分析了洞壁效应作用下空化流场内的压力分布特点,并根据计算结果拟合了一定适用条件下通气空泡长度、最大直径和模型阻力系数的近似公式。     

耙吸挖泥船耙头高压冲水喷嘴改进

针对耙吸挖泥船耙头高压冲水垂直冲刷剪切作用效果不明显的问题,对耙头高压冲水喷嘴进行设计及改装。采用梯形耐磨块内安装斜冲式高压冲水喷嘴的方法,增加高压冲水对土质的剪切破坏作用,并对改进前后效果进行分析。结果表明,在射流压力足够大时,该方法能有效剪切泥面,达到泥块脱离泥层的效果,从而提高施工效率,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

海水拌制泥浆对钻孔灌注桩混凝土耐久性影响研究

在淡水缺乏地区和海上钻孔桩施工中采用海水拌制泥浆不仅可以降低工程难度和风险,而且具有很大的经济效益。通过室内浸泡试验和线性极化法测定钢筋腐蚀速率及现场芯样的氯离子含量分析证明,采用海水拌制泥浆不会影响钻孔桩混凝土的耐久性。     

Numerical analysis of cavitating propeller and pressure fluctuation on ship stern using a simple surface panel method “SQCM”

This paper presents a calculation method for the pressure fluctuation induced by a cavitating propeller. This method consists of two steps: the first step is the calculation of propeller sheet cavitation, and the second step is the calculation of pressure fluctuation on the ship stern. It is for practicality that we divide the method into two steps but do not calculate these steps simultaneously. This method is based on a simple surface panel method “SQCM” which satisfies the Kutta condition easily. The SQCM consists of Hess and Smith type source panels on the propeller or cavity surface and discrete vortices on the camber surface according to Lan’s QCM (quasi-continuous vortex lattice method). In the first step, the cavity shape is solved by the boundary condition based on the free streamline theory. In order to get the accurate cavity shape near the tip of the propeller blade, the cross flow component is taken into consideration on the boundary condition. In the second step, we calculate the cavitating propeller and the hull surface flow simultaneously so as to calculate the pressure fluctuation including the interaction between the propeller and the hull. At that time, the cavity shape is changed at each time step using the calculated cavity shape gotten by the first step. Qualitative agreements are obtained between the calculated results and the experimental data regarding cavity shape, cavity volume and low order frequency components of the pressure fluctuation induced by the cavitating propeller.     

Computational investigation of cavitation on a semi-spade rudder

This article examines noncavitating and cavitating flow fields around a semi-spade rudder in the ship wake and propeller slipstream based on a computational method. The article seeks to explain the erosion that can occur around the gap due to cavitation; such erosion has been reported to occur while a ship is at sea. Another area of research is the effect of the gap size and shape. The effects of erosion-evading devices such as elongated gap edges, an increased edge radius, flow control projections, and vertical and horizontal guide plates were also studied.     

有限域液体附加质量对板结构振动特性的影响

基于附加质量法、公式估算法以及流固耦合有限元方法对有限域流体与结构耦合振动特性进行计算分析,以方箱底板单面接触有限域的液体,以及双面分别接触有限域液体和无限域液体工况为例,通过一系列计算得出工程中处理附连水质量影响的一般方法和经验。给出处理有限流体域问题时附加质量法的一般适用准则,即当浸水参数h/b0.1时,利用附加质量法具有足够的工程计算精度,而当h/b>0.1时,建议采用流固耦合方法进行计算。     

Modeling gas dissolution in deepwater oil/gas spills

Gases in deepwater oil/gas spills can lose considerable amounts of the gas phase due to dissolution in water. Gas dissolution has a significant impact on the behavior of the oil/gas jet/plume because of its impact on the buoyancy. A method is presented in this paper for computing gas dissolution that covers a broad range of water depth, from shallow water where gases behave as ideal ones under low pressure to deepwater where gases behave as non-ideal ones under high pressures. The method presented also accounts for the spherical and non-spherical shapes of gas bubbles. The gas dissolution computations are validated by comparing the computed results with observed data from previously conducted laboratory experiments. The gas dissolution computation module is then integrated with a model for underwater oil/gas jets/plumes by Yapa and Zheng [J. Hydraul. Res. 35 (5) (1997) 673]. Scenario simulations are presented to show the impacts of gas dissolution on the behavior of jets/plumes. These scenarios show the impact of dissolution on the behavior of the jet/plume. The comparison of results using ideal gas conditions and non-ideal gas conditions is also shown.     

高喷止水帷幕在珊瑚礁中的应用

介绍高压旋喷桩在具有较高孔隙度和较强透水性的珊瑚礁基坑止水中的应用情况,论述了在这种特殊地质情况下采用高喷注浆进行止水的可行性,并通过实例进行了验证,为解决珊瑚礁地层的防渗提供了一些有用的经验。     

Protective effect of polymer coating on the circular steel plate response to near-field underwater explosions

To understand the intrinsic strong interaction between the soft coating and near-field underwater explosion, a series of comparative live fire tests are implemented. Nine steel circular plates with three configurations (i.e. rubber coated plate, foam coated plate and bare plate) are tested using 1.5 g PETN detonator. The stand-off between the plate center and explosive charge is ranged from 3.41 to 1.14 times of the maximum bubble radius. The transient strain history of the plate and acceleration history of the metal base fixture are monitored. The whole explosion process including local cavitation and bubble motion is recorded by an APX-RS high speed camera. Test results show that the compressibility of coating layer is the dominative factor that controls its protective performance in the shock wave loading phase. The more compressible foam coating distinctly reduce the shock wave intensity by local cavitation before enters the densification phase, while the explosion bubble shape and even the direction of water jet can also be changed. But the attenuation performance in the bubble loading phase is not as optimistic as that in the shock wave phase because more deformation space is required while the core has often entered the densification phase.     

压力式验潮仪在航道水深测量中的应用

压力式验潮仪具有成本小、操作简单、布设方便且性能稳定等优点,在水深测量中具有明显优势。结合中缅原油管道项目原油码头及航道通航水域复测工程实际情况,从大气压、水密度及零点漂移3个方面分析了影响压力式验潮仪数据误差的主要因素,得出如下结论：同步观测大气压的变化,可以消除或降低大气压变化的影响;减小验潮仪的投放深度和采用底层海水密度计算潮位数据可显著降低海水密度变化产生的影响;比较多个验潮仪在空气中同步观测的大气压值,以确定其零点漂移校正值。结合项目实际情况,介绍了同步验潮法高程传递。     

高速船尾部喷水推进局部振动分析

针对高速船尾部采用喷水推进装置的局部振动问题,建立了船体尾部包含喷水推进泵的有限元模型。考虑附连水质量的影响,将船体尾部离散成甲板,底板,喷水推进泵,尾板等局部结构,采用规范经验公式估算以及有限元分析的方法分别对各局部结构的板、板格、板架进行固有频率计算,将其结果与轴频和叶频激励频率进行储备频率校核,判断尾部采用喷水推进装置在振动问题上是否满足规范标准,并为下一步的船体设计提供参考。     

基于高压旋喷桩试桩的滨海滩涂淤泥层软基处理*

为提升高压旋喷桩施工在滨海滩涂淤泥层的成桩质量,在深圳某陆域形成工程围堰区的插排水板区和非插排水板区进行高压旋喷桩试桩施工。通过对双重管和三重管2种工艺下的水灰比、泥浆泵压力进行调控,分析滨海滩涂淤泥层软基处理中影响高压旋喷桩成桩的主要因素,总结高压旋喷桩在淤泥层成桩过程中存在的主要问题,并给出施工建议。主要结论为：针对滨海滩涂淤泥层的高压旋喷桩软基处理宜采用双重管法施工,施工前应在施工区打设排水板,施工过程中采用较小的水灰比,采用复喷工艺可有效提升成桩质量。     

回注射流及其对通气超空泡形态影响的研究

通过水洞实验对回注射流现象及其对通气超空泡形态的影响进行了研究.实验水洞为封闭的连续通气水洞.通过高速摄像机记录回注射流及通气超空泡的动态变化过程.摄像机的拍摄速率为每秒1 000帧.文中在实验的基础上分析了超空泡形态变化趋势与回注射流之问的关系并讨论了回注射流的形成机理.此外,还分析了通气系数对回注射流的影响.