某消防车气压制动系统设计研究

根据某气压制动消防车的整车参数对整车制动力进行计算,对该车气压制动系统进行了设计。首先对前后轴制动器进行选型,再计算并校核制动力。综合考虑车辆的经济性及可靠性,最终选定合适的制动器;然后设计合理的储气筒容积并选型合适的空压机,以满足整车制动用气需求。对该消防车进行严格的制动性能测试及可靠性试验,证明该车制动器选型、储气筒容积设计及空压机选型均满足相关制动法规要求,选型设计合理。     

汽车制动钳体所需液量的检测与浅析

介绍了微型轿车系列盘式制动器性能试验中所需液量的检测与分析，所需液量指钳体内压入液体容积与压力上升的关系，所需液量的多少即指达到同等压力下钳体内所需压入液体的容积大小。经过几年的试验探索，找出了一套操作简单、方便及测试精度高的所需液量测试方法。另外，阐述了影响所需液量的因素。     

摩托车盘式制动器的设计

在进行盘式制动器设计时，制动盘一般采用钢制制动盘，表面要淬火或氮化，摩擦衬片一般为扇形圆形，其摩擦材料应具有足够而稳定的摩擦系数及较好的耐磨性，制动器的制动钳和活塞密封圈的弹性不宜过去或过小，制动软骨的容积变形要求很高，变形系数应尽可能小。     

汽车通风盘式制动器的摩擦学性能测试和流固热耦合仿真

根据摩擦微凸理论和耦合控制方程组分析了汽车通风盘式制动器的弹塑性状态转变条件和对流换热机理,通过乘积解法实现了通风盘的三维传热计算;基于Link 3900 NVH测试台对制动器的平均摩擦因数和摩擦稳定系数进行了测试,得出制动速度、制动压力和温度对其摩擦学性能的影响;建立了制动器的流固热数值仿真模型,利用MPCCI平台实现了ABAQUS热固耦合和FLUENT流固耦合的同步迭代,通过耦合节点的数据共享与交换得出盘体的瞬态温度场、应力场和耦合面的对流换热系数。结果表明,在单制动周期内通风盘表面的温度变化的数值模拟值与试验值基本一致,最大偏差仅为5.6%,这对于通风盘式制动器的性能评价和结构优化有着重要的指导意义。     

汽车制动器与整车匹配设计方法研究

从制动器和整车两个方面,分析了制动器与整车匹配设计的影响因素,提出了汽车制动器与整车匹配设计方法,包括制动器的选型、结构设计、性能校核和整车性能验算方法,给出了制动器结构设计步骤及制动器和整车性能计算、评价步骤。     

AUDI盘式制动器的幂函数乘积模型

本文采用正交及回归试验设计技术，以制动压力与制动初速度为试验因素，以制动力矩为试验指标，在JF－132型汽车制动器试验台上进行了AUDI盘式制动器摩擦特性的回归实验，根据实验结果，建立了AUDI盘式制器的幂函数乘积模型并进行了统计检验。     

影响制动器性能因数及设计方法探讨

分析了影响汽车制动系统稳定性因素,包括制动器结构及布置、制动器热容量、摩擦材料性能、制动器的传动效率等,总结出具有稳定输出的制动器设计方法及热容量计算方法。     

发动机制动工况下汽车制动器摩擦性能分析

建立了基于恒速制动车辆纵向力平衡方程、制动器耗散功率及其温度变化微分方程、管路压力调节等子模型的恒速长下坡汽车制动器摩擦性能分析系统.以两轴中型汽车为例,对前后制动器在不同挡位发动机制动时的温度、制动副摩擦因数、制动力分配及管路压力变化进行了计算.结果表明,在不影响车速情况下,合理使用各挡发动机制动可改善汽车前、后制动器热负荷,减小或避免制动摩擦力矩热衰退,保证汽车下长坡安全行驶.     

制动压力非对称动态响应的研究

在开发高速防滑制动ＡＢＳ系统时，需要考虑制动器制动压力的动态响应过程。指导了盘式制动器制动压力对电磁阀开度响应的数学模型，并分析了制动压力在增压和减压方向上频响的不对称性。通过对Ｖｏｌｖｏ盘式制动器制动压力的控制试验，验证了有关的结论，给出了模型的具体数据。     

汽车盘式制动器的研究进展

结合汽车盘式制动器设计与应用中存在的问题,对汽车盘式制动器摩擦衬片压力分布规律、摩擦偶件温度场和应力场的分布、摩擦衬片与对偶钢盘的摩擦机理、摩擦副间传热机理与制动噪声的研究状况进行了综述,探讨了今后的研究方向.     

试验构建鼓式制动器的摩擦模型

针对鼓式制动器在高制动初速、高气压下制动力矩的台架试验值与设计值存在较大偏差的问题，对试验测量的制动器制动力矩进行二元线性回归分析，建立了鼓式制动器的幂函数摩擦模型。进行了显著性检验和失拟性检验，检验结果验证了所建立的摩擦模型有效，可提高整车制动效能模拟计算精度。     

新型汽车液压增力制动控制器

为了提高汽车制动效率开发一种汽车液压增力制动控制器（HBI）.它主要由增压缸等组成,串联于汽车制动主缸与前制动轮缸之间,将制动主缸输出压力制动液增压,送往前制动轮缸.同时还将压力制动液直接送往后制动轮缸,实现汽车增压制动,其制动效率高于现有减压分配阀组成的制动系统效率10%以上.对具有HBI系统的制动性能检测表明,HBI可用于多种车型的制动系统中,制动踏板力明显下降100 N左右,制动稳定性明显提高.     

Design and use of an eddy current retarder in an automobile

In this study, the structure and working principles of an eddy current retarder acting as an auxiliary brake set is introduced in detail. Based on the principle of energy conservation, a mathematical model was developed to design a retarder whose nominal brake torque is 1, 900 N·m. According to the characteristics of the eddy current retarder, an exclusive test bed was developed and used for brake performance measurements. The main technical parameters, such as the brake characteristics, temperature characteristics and power consumption, were measured with the test bed. The test data show that the brake torque of the eddy current retarder obviously decreased in the continuous braking stage and that there is a certain amount of brake torque in the normal driving state because of the remnant magnetism of the rotor plate. The mathematical model could be used to design an eddy current retarder. The exclusive test bed could be used for optimization of an eddy current retarder as well as for R&D of a series of products.     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

气压鼓式制动器振动原因分析

采用虚拟样机技术对气压鼓式制动器进行动力学建模并仿真,以分析制动器在工作过程中的运动学与动力学特性,并对比相关试验结果,从而发现制动噪声的根源,为制动器的设计提供参考。     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

鼓式制动器的二自由度制动蹄性能参数计算方法改进

在绝大多数文献中,鼓式制动器的二自由度制动蹄性能参数计算公式的积分区间均采用摩擦片的名义包角。而实际上,该理论模型中二自由度制动蹄摩擦片上压力分布范围是随摩擦系数的变化而变化的。本文研究二自由度制动蹄摩擦片压力分布范围的确定方法,据此进行有关的性能参数计算分析,并与有限元计算结果进行了对比分析。改进后的分析方法与有限元计算方法相结合,对鼓式制动器的二自由度制动蹄性能的精确设计分析具有实际意义。     

CAE分析在客车盘式制动器NVH领域的应用

对制动噪声、制动抖动等盘式制动器常见的NVH故障现象及产生机理、影响因素、预防措施等进行研究,根据机理提出利用CAE分析在设计阶段对相关零部件进行确认,避免因零部件共振出现制动NVH问题,最后通过实例证明了CAE分析改进方法的有效性。     

标致307制动器结构设计

制动器是汽车主动安全系统中重要的执行机构.为研究一般制动器结构的设计方法,文章以标致307制动器为研究对象,分析制动器的结构特点,参考设计书对制动器尺寸和材料进行设计与校核.设计的制动器制动力为300 N,踏板全行程为117.6 mm,完成了标致307制动系的驱动机构和制动管路的布置并完成了三维图像建模.该设计方法具有普遍意义,可以推广到其他类似车型制动器的设计应用.     

刹车荷载反复作用下沥青路面剪切动响应三维有限元分析

为了揭示刹车反复作用下沥青路面剪切动响应力学行为特征,应用ABAQUS建立了典型半刚性基层沥青路面三维计算模型,针对沥青路面剪切动响应控制性外部影响因素,以及单次及反复刹车作用下沥青路面剪应力与水平位移变化规律进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果表明:加速度和阻尼比对路面结构残余水平位移存在较大影响;刹车作用效应随着深度的增加而迅速衰减,路表呈现为波浪形的剪切推移变形特征;反复刹车导致沥青路表残余变形缓慢累积.作用次数达到106次后可形成波浪形车辙病害.