轮缘推进器水动力性能影响因素数值研究

为指导轮缘推进器(RDT)水动力学设计,借助CFD方法,对RDT各主要几何特征对其水动力性能影响开展研究。首先,验证CFD数值方法分析RDT水动力特性的有效性;然后,基于CFD研究RDT水动力性能的各主要影响因素,主要包括导管的长径比、扩散比、导管收缩比和桨叶梢径比。结果表明:RDT最佳长径比随载荷系数递增,并趋于一极限值,相比于导管扩散比和收缩比,导管长径比因素更能主导RDT的设计优化;RDT最佳扩散比随载荷系数递减,并趋于一极限值,最佳扩散比随长径比递减;RDT的收缩比对水动力性能影响不及扩散比和长径比显著,最佳收缩比随载荷系数呈线性递增,随长径比递减;RDT的最佳梢径比随载荷系数递增,无毂RDT比有毂RDT具有更小的最优梢径比。研究结果可为轮缘推进器的水动力学设计和优化提供参考。     

导流帽对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响研究

采用CFD仿真方法研究了安装在调距桨油缸外的导流帽对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响,研究发现导流帽对桨叶受力影响较小,但导流帽降低了桨毂的阻力,使得整个推力增大,推进效率有所提高。进速系数较大时,导流帽对叶根区域压力分布有一定影响,但总的来说导流帽对叶根区域流动影响较小。     

桨毂形状对螺旋桨水动力影响仿真研究

采用全结构化网格对桨毂进行计算流体动力学(CFD)水动力仿真,验证仿真方法的有效性,研究3种典型桨毂形状对螺旋桨敞水特性、截面压力分布和空化的影响。通过对比分析发现:圆弧形桨毂阻力最小,效率最优,桨毂形状主要影响叶根区域的流动;圆柱形桨毂叶根的压力最小,空化面积最大;圆弧形桨毂的抗空化性能最优。     

导管参数对导管桨水动力性能的影响研究

基于CFD数值计算,计算19a导管与Ka4-70桨敞水性能。研究了导管长度,前缘形状以及导管与桨之间的间隙变化对导管桨敞水性能的影响。计算结果表明,导管能够改善螺旋桨尾流。对于导管长度,存在最优长度使得导管桨敞水性能最好。19a导管前缘形状是最优的,改变前缘形状会降低导管桨的敞水性能。当间隙在一定范围内,导管与螺旋桨之间间隙越小,敞水性能越好。非对称上下间隙对导管桨的敞水性能影响较小。     

仿生机器鱼胸尾鳍协同推进的水动力学分析

利用CFD技术对仿箱鲀科胸尾鳍协同推进机器鱼的水动力学特性进行分析,将整个机器鱼放入流场,对其胸鳍推进模式、尾鳍推进模式和胸尾鳍协同推进模式的水动力学特性进行对比,得出不同模式下机器鱼水动力学的变化规律。分析得出,在压力变化云图中,胸尾鳍协同推进产生的压力变化最为复杂;在速度涡量变化图中,胸尾鳍协同推进产生最为复杂的涡量变化,胸鳍运动产生的涡会逐渐脱落向后移动,与尾鳍产生的涡互相作用,增加尾鳍的推力,从而证明胸尾鳍协同推进模式是一种高效的推进机制。     

导管螺旋桨水动力性能分析及附加节能装置性能预估

本文采用基于RANS方程的 湍流模型,对No.19A+KA导管螺旋桨的敞水性能进行数值计算,得到的结果与试验数据进行比较,误差满足工程精度要求。在此基础上以该桨为母型,采用相同的计算方法,对加上毂帽鳍的螺旋桨节能性能进行了预报,结果表明毂帽鳍使从螺旋桨出来的毂涡减少,消除毂涡引起的诱导阻力,提高了螺旋桨推进效率。     

Integrated System of Semi-submersible Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation and Porous Shells

A novel semi-submersible platform is proposed for 5 MW wind turbines.This concept focuses on an integrated system formed by combining porous shells with a semi-submersible platform.A coupled aerodynamic-hydrodynamic-mooring analysis of the new system is performed.The motion responses of the novel platform system and the traditional platform are compared.The differences in hydrodynamic performance between the two platforms are also evaluated.The influence of the geometric parameters(porosity,diameter,and wall thickness)of porous shells on the motion response behavior of the new system is studied.Overall,the new semi-submersible platform exhibits superior stability in terms of pitch and heave degrees of freedom,demonstrating minimal effects on the motion response in the surge degree of freedom.     

Estimation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of the complex-shaped autonomous underwater vehicle TUNA-SAND

Hydrodynamic coefficients strongly affect the dynamic performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Thus it is important to have the true values of the coefficients in order to simulate the AUV’s dynamic performance accurately. Although these coefficients can be predicted by many methods, most are only applicable for AUVs with streamlined shapes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of AUVs with complex shapes. In this study, CFD was applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of the AUV TUNA-SAND (which stands for terrain-based underwater navigable AUV for seafloor and natural resources development), which has a complex block-like structure. First, the validity of the CFD simulation was verified by comparison with experimental results. Second, the relationships between hydrodynamic loads and motions for all six degrees of freedom were analyzed using the simulated results. Third, the importance of each hydrodynamic coefficient was investigated based on these relationships. There are 16 key damping coefficients that relate to viscosity and 12 key inertial coefficients that relate to the potential flow around TUNA-SAND. Finally, the values of all the key coefficients were obtained and verified by comparing the solutions of the simulated dynamics with the experimental results.     

潜艇超空泡技术应用分析

结合目前国内外超空泡技术的发展,论述发展超空泡潜艇的必要性,介绍了超空泡技术基本原理。依据超空泡鱼雷的配置,提出“变形空化器”的概念;论证超空泡潜艇推进和控制系统的选择;分析导引设备和尾舵的作用以及可能出现的问题。结合4种超空泡航行体稳定模式,分析超空泡潜艇水下稳定性问题,提出超空泡潜艇发展设想。结合对潜艇操纵研究,分析超空泡潜艇的水动力特性问题。同时,对 Suboff潜艇模型进行了流场特性的仿真计算,结果表明：潜艇的头部、指挥室的迎风面、指挥室的两侧艇体和潜艇的尾翼均存在一定的沾湿区域。基于此结果,提出相应的改进方案。对超空泡潜艇未来主要工作进行展望。     

Design practice for the stern hull form of a twin-skeg ship

Hydrodynamic standards have been derived for the improvement of propulsive performance of twin-skeg hull forms. Three important physical observations were used in the optimization of design practice for the stern hull form of twin-skeg ships: limiting streamline pattern on the inner and outer skeg surface of a stern skeg, the balance between the flow intensity over the inner and outer skeg surface of a stern skeg and nominal wake distribution in the propeller plane. Numerical calculations and model tests have been compared to validate a CFD code used in the current work. Based on the stern flow analysis for the evaluation of self-propulsion performance, effects of stern skeg arrangement on the propulsion efficiency, i.e. the distance between skegs and the angle of the skeg with respect to shaft centerline, were intensively investigated. An optimized hull form design for a twin-skeg ship was developed using the design practice derived in this work.     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions of a two-dimensional floating body by the moving particle semi-implicit method

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was applied to compute nonlinear motions of a floating body influenced by the water on deck. To compute the motions of a rigid body, the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface was directly integrated in space and the equations of translational and rotational motions were integrated in time to determine the correct position of the rigid-body surface at each time step of the time-domain calculation. The performance of this method was validated through a comparison with measured results in an experiment that was newly conducted using a model of a box-shaped floating body with a small freeboard. Although the overall agreement was good, some discrepancies were observed for a shorter wave period, especially for the drift motion in sway. The effect of numerical resolution on the results was checked by changing the number of particles. With a higher number of particles, no obvious improvement was seen in the global body motions, but the resolution of the local free-surface profile, including the water on deck, was improved.     

气液物性参数对严重段塞流特性影响研究

针对海底油气传输常见的下倾管—立管系统严重段塞流问题,采用严重段塞流形成条件一致的等效原则,发展了一种将三维流动转化为二维的数值模拟方法,仿真结果与相关的以水和空气为流动介质的实验结果吻合较好.在此基础上,利用该方法研究气液物性参数对严重段塞流的影响,分别选取水、原油和煤油为液体介质,甲烷和空气为气体介质,对管道内出现的严重段塞流进行数值模拟.研究发现,液体粘性、密度和表面张力对严重段塞流的流动过程、周期、压力波动、含气率和液塞速度均有显著影响,而气体物性变化对严重段塞流的影响较小.文中研究有助于深入揭示物性参数对严重段塞流的作用,同时也为评估不同海底油气田的严重段塞流危害提供了理论支持.     

浅水中低速斜航船舶水动力预报及验证与确认分析

浅水中的斜航船舶受到浅水阻塞效应和不对称流的综合影响。为预报该运动中的船舶水动力,文章采用基于定常雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯方程的计算流体动力学方法,对浅水中做斜航运动的船舶粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。考虑低航速运动的特点,忽略航速影响下的自由面兴波,由数值计算得到水动力系数在漂角影响下的变化规律。针对计算精度问题,在数值模拟中从验证和确认角度分析和评估计算结果：通过网格收敛性分析分析数值误差与不确定度;结合试验数据考察计算模型的误差。此外,从计算区域尺度、湍流模型、边界条件、船体下沉和纵倾作用方面对模型误差的影响因素进行探讨,可为改进计算模型、提高数值模拟精度提供参考依据。     

斜流中船后螺旋桨水动力数值分析

基于CFD对国际标模KCS斜航状态进行了数值模拟,分析了不同漂角时螺旋桨在纵向、横向、垂向三个方向上的力和力矩的变化规律,并探讨了漂角对推力偏心矩的影响。数值模拟采用RANS(Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes)方法,结合SST k-ω湍流模型和滑移网格。计算考虑了±20o,±10o以及0o漂角,结果表明：由于横向水流改变了螺旋桨桨盘面上的载荷分布,漂角对螺旋桨的横向和垂向的力和力矩有显著影响,漂角方向对螺旋桨推力偏心矩的偏移有较大影响。     

船用空气压缩机故障诊断分析与试验研究

活塞式空气压缩机的主要功能由往复运动完成, 振动是其主要故障标志之一。针对往复式空气压缩机各部件运动引起的复合振动激励信号,对各部件建立振动信号模型并提取冲击响应信号特征,在时域与频域里进行综合分析,提取各故障特征参数和判据从而诊断压缩机常见故障。     

基于CFD法的对转螺旋桨敞水性能参数匹配研究

摘要：采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS)法对B型螺旋桨和对转螺旋桨周围的粘性流场进行数值处理,运用Pro/E和GAMBIT软件分别进行三维建模和网格划分,并采用ORIGIN和TECPLOT后处理软件对结果进行图像处理。分析研究湍流模型对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响,对对转桨进行数值计算验证,同时对其敞水性能参数的匹配问题进行探讨,分析其尾流和速度场的变化情况。结果表明：SST 模型为较佳的湍流模型;对转桨在适当的桨距比和直径比的情况下,后桨可充分吸收前桨的尾涡能量,其推进效率明显提高。     

调距桨调距过程中叶元体受力的CFD分析方法研究

对调距桨作定距桨工况和作调距桨工况时叶元体水动力进行了CFD计算与分析.叶元体采用NACA4412翼型.采用,k-ε和SST两种湍流模型求解叶元体攻角为6.4°时压力系数分布并与面元法计算结果和实验曲线进行比较,校验了CFD分析方法的可信性.在此基础上对叶元体攻角每改变2°进行一次稳态工况计算,分析调距桨在60°转角范围内叶元体水动力随攻角的变化关系.变化曲线与实验曲线吻合良好,且计算精度要高于面元法程序XFOIL.然后采用滑移网格技术对调距桨整个调距过程进行了动态模拟,并将计算结果与作定距桨使用时的稳态工况值时进行了对比.结果表明:在攻角-12°～18°范围内,叶元体所受水动力、力矩在稳态和动态时的值基本相等.动态时叶元体正负失速角均较稳态延迟2°～4°.在大攻角范围内,叶元体稳态时所受阻力明显较动态时大、升力和制动力矩均较动态时小.研究结果表明现行采用的利用稳态敞水实验值来确定调距机构强度的方法是存在风险的;建议取稳态值和动态值两者中大者为强度设计的基本依据.