旋转圆柱绕流的流场特性

在亚临界区Re=1.4×105条件下,基于大涡模拟（LES）方法对均匀来流作用下的旋转圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过与非旋转时的实验和计算结果比较,验证了文中计算的准确性。在此基础上,对不同转速条件下（0≤α≤2,α为圆周线速度与自由来流速度的比值）的圆柱绕流进行了数值研究。结果表明,圆柱旋转可以有效地抑制其旋涡脱落,随着转速的增加,可大幅提高其升阻比,主要表现为阻力系数减小而升力系数线性增大。当α=2时,阻力系数和升力系数在经过短暂过渡期后达到稳定。     

水流作用力垂向变化对块体抛放影响的综合研究

考虑块体在水体中的相对位置,综合研究了不同水深区域内水流作用力系数的变化关系。在自由水表面和河床壁面附近区域,应分别考虑水表面波动和边界层对垂线流速分布的影响,由平均流速计算得出的拖曳力系数与相对位置基本呈递增关系,而上举力系数递减;介于上述区域之间时,近似认为拖曳力系数和上举力系数不随相对位置变化。因此,在受力分析以计算石块或沙袋的抛掷位移时,应考虑水流流动作用力垂向不断变化的特点。     

Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic responses of Ocean Farm 1 in waves and current and validation against model test measurements

With the continuous growing of the aquaculture industry and increasingly limited fish farming sites at close to shore areas both in Norway and worldwide, there is a need to develop fish farms suitable for aquaculture production in typical offshore environments. For this purpose, SALMAR has developed and deployed the Ocean Farm 1 facility for offshore fish farming.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model and investigate the motion responses of the Ocean Farm 1 structure in waves and current. The established numerical model consists of the Ocean Farm 1's frame structure (with rigidly-connected circular column components), the net and the mooring system. The hydrodynamic external loads and coefficients of the frame structure are obtained by using potential flow theory. The quadratic drag load on the individual circular columns of the frame structure is formulated by a given drag coefficient. The loads on the net are formulated by using the screen model, where the Reynold number dependent lift and drag forces are formulated as a function of the solidity ratio Sn of the net, relative inflow angle and velocity. The hydrodynamic loads on the mooring lines are formulated using the Morison's equation and the structural responses of the mooring lines are obtained using a nonlinear FE model.With the developed numerical model, time domain simulations are performed. The simulation results are firstly validated against measured data from the decay tests, current tests, and regular wave tests. After the validation, numerical simulations are performed in different irregular wave and current combined weather conditions and the obtained motion response of Ocean Farm 1 are discussed and compared with available measurement data.     

亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力控制圆柱绕流场特性研究

采用脱体涡模拟方法对弱电解质中电磁力作用下圆柱绕流场及其升阻力特性进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明,在亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力可以提高圆柱体边界层内的流体动能,延缓圆柱体近壁面流动分离,减弱绕流场中流向和展向大尺度涡的强度,减小圆柱体阻力及其升力脉动幅值;当电磁力作用参数大于某个临界值后,流动分离角消失,在圆柱体尾部产生射流现象,电磁力产生净推力作用,出现负阻力现象,而且升力脉动幅值显著减小且接近于零。     

Experimental investigation on hydrodynamics of floating cylinder in oscillatory and steady flows by forced oscillation test

In this paper the hydrodynamic characteristics of a floating cylinder are investigated via forced oscillation experiments in towing tank. The effects of Keulegan–Carpenter number, Reynolds number, reduced velocity and overtopping on hydrodynamics of the floating cylinder in oscillatory and steady flow are studied. The results show a considerably difference of the hydrodynamic characters between the floating and the fully immerged cylinders due to the influences of free surface. The growth of the reduced velocity, a proven notable effect on hydrodynamics, will lead to the increase of added mass coefficient and the decrease of drag coefficient. Meanwhile the overtopping, a particular phenomenon for the floating cylinder, render the added mass coefficients reach up to 3.6 while for the drag coefficient small influences were made.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的船舶风力助推转子绕流特性

风力转子推进装置节能环保,降低推力成本,有利于船舶行业的绿色发展。基于多松弛格子Boltzmann方法,对并列风力助推转子绕流进行数值模拟。首先模拟单圆柱绕流的流动特性,以验证程序的可靠性,重点探究双圆柱的间距比和转速比对圆柱绕流特性的影响。获取圆柱的升阻力系数以及尾流流型,验证临界转速比的存在。结果显示:旋转可以有效地抑制涡的生成和脱落,当转速比达到临界转速比时,漩涡彻底消失,流场变得稳定;时均升力系数的绝对值和时均阻力系数随转速比的增大分别增大和减小。     

The effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite circular cylinder with low aspect ratio

Vortex-induced motion is an oscillatory phenomenon which occurs to a floating body with low aspect ratio. The basic phenomenological study about the effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite fixed circular cylinder was investigated in this study using particle image velocimetry and hydrodynamic force measurement. It was found from the former experiment that the wake of the cylinder is influenced by the both end cell and free surface. Blowup and back flow are generated from the end cell, and their effects are suspended by free surface. The result of hydrodynamic force measurement showed the effect of Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio of the floating body on the hydrodynamic force. Fluctuating components of hydrodynamic coefficients decrease for increasing Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio. On the other hand, the mean drag coefficient increases as Froude number increases and decreases as the aspect ratio increases. The interpretation to these results was discussed in comparison with flow structures observed in the experiment. In addition, it was found that the effect of Reynolds number on the mean drag coefficient changes at different aspect ratios. A possible interpretation to this phenomenon was proposed.     

三维有限长旋转圆柱水动力性能的实验及数值分析（英文）

The hydrodynamic performance of a three-dimensional finite-length rotating cylinder is studied by means of a physical tank and numerical simulation. First, according to the identified influencing factors, a hydrodynamic performance test of the rotating cylinder was carried out in a circulating water tank. In order to explore the changing law of hydrodynamic performance with these factors, a particle image velocimetry device was used to monitor the flow field. Subsequently, a computational field dynamics numerical simulation method was used to simulate the flow field, followed by an analysis of the effects of speed ratio, Reynolds number, and aspect ratio on the flow field. The results show that the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the cylinder increase first and then decrease with the increase of the rotational speed ratio. The trend of numerical simulation and experimental results is similar.     

Effect of bed vicinity on vortex shedding and force coefficients of fluid flow on an offshore pipeline

The effect of rigid bed proximity on flow parameters and hydrodynamic loads in offshore pipelines exposed to turbulent flow is investigated numerically. The Galerkin finite volume method is employed to solve the unsteady incompressible 2D Navier–Stokes equations. The large eddy simulation turbulence model is solved using the artificial compressibility method and dual time-stepping approach. The proposed algorithm is developed for a wide range of turbulent flows with Reynolds numbers of 9500 to 1.5×10⁴. Evaluation of the developed numerical model shows that the proposed technique is capable of properly predicting hydrodynamic forces and simulating the flow pattern. The obtained results show that the lift and drag coefficients are strongly affected by the gap ratio. The mean drag coefficient slightly increases as the gap ratio increases, although the mean lift coefficient rapidly decreases. The vortex shedding suppression happen at the gap ratio of less than 0.2.     

Numerical simulation of piggyback pipelaying under current loadings

For piggyback pipelaying operations, current-induced force and its effect on the piggyback pipe have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, an improved method in hydrodynamic load calculation and structural modelling is proposed to simulate the pipelaying of a piggyback pipeline. In order to obtain the mean drag and lift force coefficients for the piggyback pipeline subjected to different inflow angles, two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed by modelling the piggyback pipeline as two cylinders attached to each other without gap. Then, the acquired force coefficients are used to calculate the hydrodynamic loads through a user-defined function in OrcaFlex based on a cross-flow principle approach. The interaction between the pipeline and the piggyback cable is modelled using two types contact elements which are ring penetrator and non-penetrating contact. The present proposed method is compared with other two widely used engineering methods based on (1) the equivalent diameter and (2) two separate cylinders without accounting for hydrodynamic interaction, in terms of the top tension, and the bending moments at Hang-off Clamps (HOC) and sagbend of the pipeline. The comparison shows that the two widely used engineering methods are not always conservative in force and response predictions. Hence, it is important to consider the hydrodynamic and structural interactions between the piggyback cable and the pipeline. With different current directions, the bending moments at the HOC predicted by the present method vary from 40% lower to 100% higher than those predicted by the two widely used engineering methods.     

Empirical model of the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio

The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of two flexible circular cylinders in a tandem configuration were studied numerically for spacing ratios ranging from 6 to 18 and the reduced velocities ranging from 2.35 to 12.59. The VIV response amplitude, response frequency, fluid force, pressure distribution and vortex structure of the tandem cylinders with different spacing ratios under different reduced velocities were compared. The results indicate that there is a great difference between the lift forces on the downstream and upstream cylinders. The lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder undergoing the wake-induced vibrations (WIV) is larger than that of the upstream cylinder, and the dominant frequency curves of the lift coefficients of the upstream and downstream cylinders separate. It can be found that the length and intensity of the wake are quite different under different reduced velocities and spacing ratios, and the reattachment positions between the wake and the downstream cylinder are different, which leads to a great change in the flow around the downstream cylinder and have a great effect on the wake-induced lift force on the downstream cylinder. Considering these factors, an empirical model for the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio was proposed and verified.     

海上平台支撑柱绕流特性的大涡模拟分析

海上平台是开采海洋资源的关键建筑,而支撑柱在平台中起着至关重要的作用。本文建立在海水作用下支撑柱做单圆柱绕流、串列双圆柱绕流和并列双圆柱绕流的二维流场模型,运用大涡模拟方法,对这3种模型进行数值模拟,得出其瞬时流场速度云图和圆柱受力特性曲线图。模拟计算层流和湍流情况下的圆柱绕流,通过模拟结果分析流场、升力系数和阻力系数的变化规律。     

Hydrodynamics study of a BCF mode bioinspired robotic-fish underwater vehicle using Lighthill’s slender body model

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of the rectilinear motion of a robotic fish underwater vehicle. This 2-joint, 3-link multibody vehicle model is biologically inspired by a body caudal fin carangiform fish propulsion mechanism. Navier–Stokes equations are used to compute the unsteady flow fields generated due to the interaction between the vehicle and the surrounding incompressible and Newtonian fluid (water) environment. The NACA 0014 airfoil aerodynamic profile has been designed to boost the swimming efficiency by reducing drag as the vehicle undergoes an undulatory/oscillatory motion. Using the Lighthill slender body model, a traveling wave mathematical function is defined to undulate the robotic fish posterior (caudal) region while the motion tracking is carried out by dynamic meshing technique. The results obtained show that though the net lift force approaches to zero, the net thrust or negative drag coefficient maintains a finite value dependent on kinematic parameters like tail beat frequency (TBF) and amplitude span (AS) at a given propulsive wavelength and the forward velocity of the vehicle. The results reveal the effects of TBF and AS on the coefficient of drag friction and the thrust force. Drag coefficients obtained from the simulations are compared and validated with the experimental results. The hydrodynamic results are found to be similar to the kinematic study results and suggest that TBF and AS play the most effective roles in the bioinspired propulsion technique. Relation of these parameters with propelling thrust force and forward velocity is also in conjunction over a given range of TBF and AS values.     

翼板扰流器的参数对海底管线水动力特性的影响

利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,对安装翼板扰流器的海底管线绕流进行了二维数值模拟。以不同布置形式的翼板扰流器为研究对象,通过改变间隙比和翼板高度,探讨其对海底管线绕流水动力特性的影响。计算结果表明：间隙比为0．3时,翼板扰流器抑制的效果更好,受力情况良好,且A60型翼板管线效果最佳;间隙比相同时升力系数和阻力系数随着翼板高度的增加而增大。建议实际工程中,应尽量避免翼板管线的悬空高度,同时可在管线的不同展向安装不同角度的翼板扰流器,以破坏涡旋发放的规律性。     

基于CFD仿真计算的襟翼舵水动力研究

襟翼舵作为一种可靠的、高升力的舵在最近几年内引起了广大设计工作者的重视影响,同时也有不少成熟的研究成果。对襟翼舵的研究主要集中在展弦比,主副舵面积比,转角比等方面,这些因素对襟翼舵的整体影响规律也已得到不少专家的解释。本文主要研究襟翼舵主副舵间间隙大小以及尺度效应对其水动力性能的影响,以普通NACA0020翼型为基本剖面建立不同间隙大小的襟翼舵模型,采用RANS方法计算得到了不同缝隙大小以及不同缩尺比下的襟翼舵升力阻力以及压力分布,并对周围涡结构以及流场进行分析,发现升力系数随着缝隙增大而减小,阻力系数先减小再增大的规律。同时随着襟翼舵尺度的增大,升力系数会随之增大,阻力系数会随之减小。文中以计算模型和实验数据进行对比,两者误差在5%以内,证明了计算结果的可靠性。     

整流罩对深海立管水动力影响的数值模拟研究

应用CFD大涡模拟方法,对附有整流罩的深海立管的水动力影响效果进行了三维数值模拟。对不同的弦厚比在雷诺数分别为3 900、10 000和20 000条件下进行模拟分析,得到立管后方阻力系数、升力系数、斯特劳哈尔数及其频谱等特性。模拟结果表明:整流罩对立管升力和阻力有明显的抑制效果,相较于光滑立管,阻力系数均值降幅最大达到24.1%,升力系数均方根值降幅最大达到81.1%。阻力系数均值随弦厚比的增加先减小后趋于平稳升力系数均方根值随弦厚比的增加而增加。对比结果显示,弦厚比为1.2~1.6时,整流罩对立管的升力和阻力抑制效果较好。     

不同浸没深度下水平圆柱体的水动力特性试验研究

顺应式的漂浮柔性圆柱型结构物,如深海养殖结构物的浮圈结构、波浪能发电装置的浮体部分等,大多是部分浸没的。目前,学术界和工程界对部分浸没圆柱的水动力特性了解甚少,也使这些新型结构物在设计和分析时面临着一系列的困难。文章利用在拖曳水池中对水平圆柱进行强迫振荡的试验方法,研究了不同浸没深度的水平圆柱体在流、波浪以及波-流耦合作用下的水动力特性,获得了拖曳力系数和附加水质量系数在不同浸没深度下与Reynolds数、KC数和Vr的关系。通过研究发现:(1)在纯流作用下,由于自由液面的存在,超过半浸没的圆柱体的拖曳力系数在超临界范围内将大于全浸没圆柱;(2)在波浪作用下的半浸没圆柱的水动力系数完全不能等同于全浸没圆柱的一半来进行考虑;(3)流的存在对水动力系数的影响比较显著,会导致惯性力系数的增大。     

Optimization of submerged floating tunnel cross section based on parametric Bézier curves and hybrid backpropagation - genetic algorithm

The cross-section geometry of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) has a large effect on hydrodynamic characteristics, structural behavior and service level, making the tunnel cross section the primary factor in optimizing efficiency. Minimizing the mean drag and the dynamic variability in the lift of the SFT cross section under bi-directional (i.e., tidal) flow has a dramatic impact on the reduction of structural displacements and mooring loads. Based on a parametric Bézier curve dynamically comprising the leading-edge radius, tunnel height and width to define the SFT geometry, a sensitivity analysis of the Bézier curve parameters for a fixed aspect ratio with prototype dimensions under uniform flow conditions was conducted by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the pressure distribution around the SFT cross-section surface was analyzed. A theoretical method comprising the Kármán vortex street parameters was employed to verify the CFD simulation results. In order to determine the SFT cross section with optimal hydrodynamic properties, the mean drag and Root Mean Square (RMS) lift coefficients were selected as optimization objectives, and four Bézier curve parameters were the input variables, in a neural network and genetic algorithm optimization process (a hybrid BP-GA structure), which is less likely to become trapped in local minima. The results show the optimal tunnel cross section has a mean drag and a RMS lift coefficient reduced by 0.9% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to the original CFD dataset.     

基于 DES 方法的张力腿平台主体结构水动力特性研究

考虑张力腿平台立柱和浮箱之间的相互影响,通过分离涡模拟法（DES）对均匀流下张力腿平台主体三维水动力流特性进行了研究,讨论了张力腿平台阻力系数、升力系数及其频谱、压力系数和尾涡等特性。研究表明：阻力系数和升力系数时历曲线变化具有一定的周期性和“脉动性”;下游立柱受到上游立柱尾涡作用,导致下游立柱阻力系数较上游立柱阻力系数略大;下游立柱升力系数幅值较上游立柱升力系数幅值大,下游立柱泄涡具有明显的周期性特点;升力系数时历变化呈现紊乱,频谱图中谱峰个数越多且带宽越大。立柱表面压力系数呈现出“W”型且张力腿平台主体周围具有不同垂向流态形式,稳定脱落周期下通过压力系数最大值判断撞击点等特殊位置,压力系数最小值判断尾涡所附位置;尾涡具有高度各向相异性,不同来流方向下张力腿平台主体尾后出现不同尾涡结构和流形态。     

Numerical investigation of mooring line damping and the drag coefficients of studless chain links

The chain/wire rope/chain combination is a commonchoice for mooring offshore floating platforms. However, data ofthe drag coefficients of chain links are rather limited, resulting inuncertainties with the calculations of the drag force, and hence thedamping of the mooring system. In this paper, the importance of theselection of the drag coefficient is first investigated. Thecomputational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is then used todetermine the drag coefficients of a studless chain under steadyflows. Numerical model validation is first completed by simulatinga smooth circular cylinder under steady flows. In particular, theperformance of different turbulence models is assessed through thecomparisons between the calculations and the experimental results.The large eddy simulation （LES） model is finally selected for thesimulation of steady flows past a chain. The effects of the Reynoldsnumber on the drag coefficient of a stud-less chain is also studied.The results show that the calculated drag coefficients of a stud-lesschain are fairly consistent with the available experimental data.