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射流冲刷作为一种高效挖掘手段被广泛应用于深海工程领域。针对黏性底床条件下垂直淹没射流冲刷挖掘体积进行研究,利用注浆成型法制备冲刷坑的胚体并利用3 d扫描技术获取冲刷挖掘体积。通过开展室内试验探索了射流流速、射流靶距、冲刷时间以及泥样含水率与冲刷挖掘体积的关系:1)冲击射流挖掘体积随着射流靶距的增加而减小;2)冲击射流挖掘体积随着射流流速的增加而增加;3)冲击射流挖掘体积随着冲刷时间的增加而增加,但逐渐趋于平衡;4)随着泥样含水率的增加,冲击射流挖掘体积也显著增加。最后,利用54组试验数据和无量纲分析得到了冲击射流挖掘体积的经验公式,可为射流挖沟以及射流沉桩等海洋工程实践提供参考。 相似文献
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龙口位置属于流速骤然增大区且流场复杂,准确预测冲刷形态对龙口结构设计和安全运行具有重要意义。依托海外某大型围海造陆港口工程,借助CFD软件,对施工期强越浪作用下不同结构龙口局部冲刷特点进行了三维数值计算,得到了龙口周围流场分布规律和局部冲刷形态,对冲刷防护提出了针对性建议。结果表明:龙口周围流场复杂但存在一定规律,其特点与龙口局部冲刷因素存在一定对应关系。龙口区域设置挡砂结构,其下方存在淘刷风险,易形成冲刷通道,发展到一定程度,将扰乱龙口后方原有流场,加剧龙口底部和后方的冲刷程度。 相似文献
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针对海上风电整机结构其低阶固有频率的控制问题,基于有限元分析技术开展小直径桩土相互作用的数值模拟分析,与试验结果、API规范计算结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的适用性,分析大直径单桩结构桩内土芯、冲刷深度、表层土置换措施对整机固有频率的影响,结果表明,基于有限元实体单元计算所得一、二阶整机固有频率要明显大于传统p-y方法计算结果;桩内土芯对一、二阶整机固有频率影响很小;在一定范围内,随着泥面冲刷深度的增加,一、二阶固有频率降低不明显,认为传统p-y方法对于大直径单桩的适用性有待研究;在实际工程设计中,桩内土芯的影响可忽略;对于大直径单桩,在一定范围内可以忽略冲刷的影响。 相似文献
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枢纽下游河床清水冲刷粗化研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
天然河流修建水库后,下游河道发生的最大变化就是河床冲刷粗化。河床冲刷与粗化的研究在水利、水运、水电工程中有着重大的实际意义,是解决山区及丘陵区水利工程面临的河床冲刷粗化所引起的河床演变的关键问题之一。国内外众多学者专家都对冲刷粗化问题进行过研究,文章意在总结已有枢纽下游河床冲刷粗化的研究成果,包括冲刷与粗化机理、冲刷粗化起动流速计算、粗化输沙率计算、粗化层级配计算、极限冲刷深度计算及冲刷后水位降落计算等。并对现有研究成果进行了简要的述评,为后续对这一问题进行深入研究作出必要的准备。 相似文献
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往复流不同入射角条件下跨海大桥桥墩局部冲刷研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章以港珠澳跨海大桥工程为依托,采用理论计算和模型试验的手段进行研究,在公式得到验证的基础上,针对往复流不同入射角条件下桥墩局部冲刷深度问题进行探讨。结果表明:潮汐往复流条件下,桥墩上下游均出现局部冲刷,且上游冲刷深度大于下游;当桥墩迎流面与往复流流向基本垂直时,桥墩局部冲刷深度理论计算值略大于模型试验值,误差均在10%以内;在顺流面长度大于迎流面宽度的矩形桩墩墩型条件不变时,桥墩局部冲刷深度随往复流来流入射角的增大以变速率增大,且当入射角大于一定值时,桥墩冲刷深度趋于稳定。 相似文献
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Scour depth prediction of offshore pipelines is of great significance to the design and construction of the submarine pipeline projects. In this paper, based on the CFD software package FLUENT and User Defined Function(UDF), an Eulerian two-phase model, which includes an Euler-Euler coupled model for water and sediment phases, and a turbulent model for the fluid phase, is adopted to predict the scour depth around pipelines. The model is verified by observation data obtained from laboratory experiments. On the basis of the simulations, the factors affecting the scour depth, including the effects of incipient velocity, pipe diameter and sediment particle size and so on, were investigated. Meanwhile, according to formulas of incipient velocity of various sediments, approximate calculation on theoretical scour depths is developed for pipelines of seven stations in the South China Sea, where engineering application information is available. 相似文献
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Submerged vanes are installed on rivers and channel beds to protect the outer bank bends from scouring. Also, local scouring occurs around the submerged vanes over time, and identifying the effective factors on the scouring phenomena around these submerged vanes is one of the important issues in river engineering. The most important aim of this study is investigation of scour pattern around submerged vanes located in 180° bend experimentally and numerically. Firstly, the effects of various parameters such as the Froude number (Fr), angle of submerged vanes to the flow (α), angle of submerged vane location in the bend (θ), distance between submerged vanes (d), height (H), and length (L) of the vanes on the dimensionless volume of the scour hole were experimentally studied. The submerged vanes were installed on a 180° bend whose central radius and channel width were 2.8 and 0.6 m, respectively. By reducing the Froude number, the scour hole volume decreased. For all Froude numbers, the biggest scour hole formed at θ?=?15°. In all models, by increasing the Froude number, the scour hole volume significantly increases. In addition, by increasing the submerged vanes’ length and height, the scour hole dimensions also grow. Secondly, using gene expression programming (GEP), a relationship for determining the scour hole volume around the submerged vanes was provided. For this model, the determination coefficients (R2) for the training and test modes were computed as 0.91 and 0.9, respectively. In addition, this study performed partial derivative sensitivity analysis (PDSA). According to the results, the PDSA was calculated as positive for all input variables. 相似文献
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长江口岸直水道鳗鱼沙心滩头部守护工程局部冲刷水槽概化试验研究———I.水槽概化与护滩建筑物模拟设计 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为维持长江口岸直水道下段目前较为有利的滩槽格局和较好的航道条件,在口岸直水道的鳗鱼沙心滩头部进行护滩守护工程,需要研究守护工程周边的最大冲刷深度,以确定边缘压石宽度与重点防护部位,给设计提供技术依据。在分析口岸直水道水流运动特性与泥沙组成特点的基础上,进行了概化水槽的模型设计,提出了采用"流带法"确定水槽边界,确定了最强水流动力、每年可能出现的最大流量、经常出现的流量等试验水力条件。对砂肋软体排、混凝土联锁块软体排、D型系混凝土块排,以及抛石压载等护滩建筑物的模拟进行了设计,为护滩带周边局部冲刷变形试验奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Experimental investigation on scour development and scour protection for offshore converter platform
Local scour around the offshore converter platform caused by current and wave will lead to the instability of foundation. A series of experiments are performed to investigate the scour development and scour protection of the offshore converter platform. The development and evolution characteristics of the local scour around the gravity based structure foundation under the actions of current flow and wave are analyzed. The results show that the edge scour mainly occurs at the lateral sides of the platform and the scour pits are symmetrical about the centerline of the platform in the streamwise flow direction. The scour depth around the gravity based structure increases with the increase of flow velocity. The inclination and collapse of the platform is observed at α = 90° and U0 = 0.25 m/s. The sand ripples are observed around the gravity based structure under the wave action, and the scour depth increases with the increase of wave height and wave period. Based on the comparisons of different scour protection methods, the combined bionic grass-geotextile-riprap protection has the best scour protection efficiency for the offshore converter platform. 相似文献
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群坝局部冲深计算试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过试验研究群坝局部冲刷问题 ,对群坝和单坝的水流现象进行了比较 ,分析了群坝局部冲刷与单坝局部冲刷的区别以及水流、坝距、坝长等因素对群坝各坝坝头局部冲刷深度影响 ,并根据试验资料提出了冲深计算公式。 相似文献
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船舶尾流是导致重力式码头抛石基床冲刷破坏的重要因素之一,国内港口、海岸工程设计规范中未考虑船舶尾流作用对抛石基床块石稳定性的影响。文章通过总结、对比、分析国外船用螺旋桨射流流速分布研究成果,得到了螺旋桨射流流速分布规律,提出了船舶尾流冲刷作用下抛石基床块石稳定性计算方法,并利用该方法计算并分析了某重力式码头抛石基床块石的冲刷情况。计算结果表明:螺旋桨射流起始段和主体段的流速均可能对抛石基床块石产生冲刷影响,且主体段水流对块石稳定性影响更大,船用螺旋桨桨轴线距基床顶面高度2倍桨直径内的区域可作为船舶尾流冲刷影响区。 相似文献