空中爆炸载荷下PVC泡沫夹芯板动态响应分析

基于 Abaqus/Explicit,计算分析 PVC夹芯板在空爆载荷作用下的动态响应,考察夹芯板上面板厚度、芯层高度及炸药当量对其抗爆性能的影响,并从能量吸收的角度分析不同工况下 PVC夹芯板的吸能特性。数值结果表明夹芯板的动态响应对其结构配置比较敏感,增加上面板厚度及芯层高度可以明显减小下面板挠度,从而提高结构的抗爆性能。夹芯板的总体吸能量与上面板厚度密切相关,与芯层高度没有明显关联,减小上面板厚度可以提高结构的总体吸能量;在相同工况下,增加上面板厚度可以提高上面板吸能占比,增加芯层高度可以提高芯层吸能占比。在炸药当量较小时,夹芯板变形以上面板局部弯曲及芯层压缩为主;当炸药当量较大时,夹芯板变形以整体弯曲变形为主。研究结果对PVC夹芯板抗爆性能的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

近距爆炸作用下叠层复合夹芯板局部层裂破坏的理论研究

  目的  为了研究水下接触爆炸作用下泡沫夹芯板的耗能机理,  方法  首先,开展泡沫夹芯板的水下接触爆炸试验,获得其破坏模式,并比较等质量钢板与不同配置夹芯板的抗爆耗能效果;然后,基于数值仿真,分析泡沫夹芯板在水下接触爆炸作用下的损伤过程,模拟夹芯板的破坏模式,统计各部分的耗能率。  结果  研究结果表明,同等条件下夹芯板的抗爆耗能效果优于等质量实体钢板,且上面板薄、下面板厚时的耗能效果最优;夹芯板耗能率可较实体钢板提高约5%~8%。  结论  \t\t 根据试验和仿真结果,给出了泡沫夹芯板结构在水下接触爆炸作用下的耗能机理,可为舰船结构防护设计提供参考。     

Comparison of aluminium sandwiches for lightweight ship structures: Honeycomb vs. foam

The use of lightweight aluminium sandwiches in the shipbuilding industry represents an attractive and interesting solution to the increasing environmental demands. The aim of this paper was the comparison of static and low-velocity impact response of two aluminium sandwich typologies: foam and honeycomb sandwiches. The parameters which influence the static and dynamic response of the investigated aluminium sandwiches and their capacity of energy absorption were analysed. Quasi – static indentation tests were carried out and the effect of indenter shape has been investigated. The indentation resistance depends on the nose geometry and is strongly influenced by the cell diameter and by the skin – core adhesion for the honeycomb and aluminium foam sandwich panels, respectively. The static bending tests, performed at different support span distances on sandwich panels with the same nominal size, produced various collapse modes and simplified theoretical models were applied to explain the observed collapse modes. The capacity of energy dissipation under bending loading is affected by the collapse mechanism and also by the face-core bonding and the cell size for foam and honeycomb panels, respectively. A series of low-velocity impact tests were, also, carried out and a different collapse mechanism was observed for the two typologies of aluminium sandwiches: the collapse of honeycomb sandwiches occurred for the buckling of the cells and is strongly influenced by the cell size, whereas the aluminium foam sandwiches collapsed for the foam crushing and their energy absorbing capacity depends by the foam quality. It is assumed that a metal foam has good quality if it has many cells of similar size without relevant defects. A clear influence of cell size distribution and morphological parameters on foam properties has not yet been established because it has not yet been possible to control these parameters in foam making. The impact response of the honeycomb and foam sandwiches was investigated using a theoretical approach, based on the energy balance model and the model parameters were obtained by the tomographic analyses of the impacted panels. The present study is a step towards the application of aluminium sandwich structures in the shipbuilding.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on laser-welded corrugated-core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading

Experimental investigations on the laser-welded triangular corrugated core sandwich panels and equivalent solid plates subjected to air blast loading are presented. The experiments were conducted in an explosion tank considering three levels of blast loading. Results show that the maximum deflection, core web buckling and core compaction increased as the decrease of stand-off distance. Back face deflections of sandwich panels were found to be nearly half that of equivalent solid plates at the stand-off distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. At the closest stand-off distance of 50 mm, the panel was found to fracture and fail catastrophically. Autodyn-based numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of sandwich panels. A good agreement was observed between the numerical calculations and experimental results. The model captured most of the deformation/failure modes of panels. Finally, the effects of face sheet thickness and core web thickness on the dynamic response of sandwich panel were discussed.     

轻质高强点阵材料及其力学性能研究进展

  目的  为了解玻璃纤维/树脂复合材料夹层板在弯曲载荷作用下的能量耗散机制,从能量耗散角度开展数值模拟分析和试验研究。  方法  基于有限元软件ABAQUS建立玻璃纤维/树脂复合材料泡沫夹层板的有限元分析模型,对三点弯曲试验中典型的破坏模式和能量耗散机制进行模拟分析,将数值模拟结果与试验结果进行对比。在数值模型有效性分析的基础上,进一步分析面板和夹芯层厚度对玻璃纤维/树脂复合材料泡沫夹层板力学承载性能和能量耗散机制的影响。  结果  结果表明,增加表层复合材料面板厚度能够更大程度地提高玻璃纤维/树脂复合材料泡沫夹层板的比吸能效率。  结论  研究成果可为玻璃纤维/树脂复合材料泡沫夹层结构的工程防护应用设计提供参考,具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

中高速弹体侵彻下泡沫铝夹芯结构抗侵彻性能实验研究

为研究泡沫铝夹芯结构各组成部分在中、高速弹体侵彻下的抗侵彻性能及破坏机理,分别开展泡沫铝芯材(I)、前面板与芯材(II)、芯材与后面板(III)以及泡沫铝夹芯结构(IV)4种靶板在中、高速弹体侵彻下的弹道冲击试验.分析夹芯结构的破坏模式、侵彻过程和抗弹性能.结果表明:在中、高速弹体侵彻下,泡沫铝芯材发生了胞壁的绝热剪切和撕裂破坏,存在前面板的泡沫铝芯材还发生了胞壁压实坍塌;前面板发生绝热剪切破坏,弹速较低时,弹孔周围将产生明显的碟形弯曲变形,板厚较大、弹速较高时弹孔边缘存在开坑唇边;后面板发生了局部碟形弯曲-贯穿破坏,板厚较小时,后面板还产生了花瓣开裂.泡沫铝芯材吸能较小,泡沫铝和面板组成的夹芯结构吸能明显提高.面板的存在提高了靶板的抗弹性能,前面板对靶板的抗弹性能影响大于后面板的影响.同一种形式的靶板在高速弹体侵彻下的抗弹性能明显优于中速弹体侵彻下的抗弹性能.     

方形蜂窝夹芯夹层板弯曲问题的新解法

文章针对方形夹芯夹层板弯曲问题提出了一种新的解法。所提方法未采用传统的芯层均匀等效做法,而直接对其离散的模型进行分析,考虑芯层的离散特性,将离散芯层和上下面板结合起来,运用能量原理建立方形蜂窝夹芯夹层板统一的弯曲控制方程。假设夹层板位移为双傅立叶级数形式,采用伽辽金法求解。对固支和简支矩形方形蜂窝夹芯夹层板数值仿真结果表明,文中方法得到的结果与有限元数值解吻合良好。该方法为有效、快捷地分析夹层板的力学性能提供了新的方法和途径。     

芯板可压缩的夹层加筋板固有频率分析

推导了一种考虑芯板垂向压缩变形影响的双向加筋的约束阻尼夹层板有限元单元.其中,夹层板面遵循Mindlin一阶剪切变形理论的假定;芯板采用基于厚板理论的非线性位移模式, 各向位移沿板厚成抛物线分布, 并考虑了芯板的横向压缩变形;加强筋采用Timoshenko梁模型,考虑了其剪切变形的影响.根据层间位移连续和板、梁位移连续假设,将芯板和加强筋的位移用上下面板位移表示,推导了相应的位移应变关系, 继而根据Hamilton原理建立了控制方程.数值计算结果表明约束阻尼夹层加筋板有限元单元的推导是正确的;在约束阻尼夹层加筋板的固有频率研究中,考虑夹层板芯层的垂向压缩变形的影响是必要的.还讨论了芯板和加强筋的各个参数对板固有频率的影响.     

金属夹层结构的舰船应用研究综述

  目的   为了提高轻质泡沫铝夹层板的抗爆性能,  方法   通过采用有限元软件AUTODYN,对功能梯度泡沫铝夹层板在空爆载荷作用下的动态响应开展研究。在功能梯度泡沫铝夹层板的芯层高度及重量不变的情况下,分析讨论芯层不同排列顺序对夹层板上、下面板中心处速度、塑性变形和各部件吸能的影响。  结果   结果表明：夹层板上面板中心点处最大速度随迎爆面一侧芯层密度的增大而减小;芯层密度从迎爆面到背爆面依次为高—低—中排列顺序的夹层板的抗爆性能最好;芯层吸收了大部分能量,并且在迎爆面一侧密度小的排列组合其吸能特性最好。  结论   数值分析结果可为泡沫铝夹层板的芯层优化设计提供参考。     

冲击波和破片联合作用下I型夹层板毁伤仿真

基于非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA,通过在TNT炸药底部布置预制破片模拟战斗部爆炸产生的冲击波与破片联合作用载荷,计算3种TNT炸药当量下I型夹层板的毁伤响应,分析冲击波单独作用及冲击波与破片联合作用下I型夹层板失效模式的差异,研究夹层板芯层配置以及上、下面板厚度配置对其失效模式的影响,并与等效实体板的抗毁伤性能进行对比。同时,从吸能的角度分析不同载荷工况下I型夹层板的吸能特性。数值仿真结果表明:在冲击波与破片联合作用下,结构的毁伤程度远大于冲击波单独作用时;当载荷强度较小时,I型夹层板的抗毁伤性能优于等效实体板;载荷强度、载荷类型(冲击波单独作用或冲击波与破片联合作用)及上、下面板厚度配置对I型夹层板的失效模式有较大影响;从吸能特性来看,在冲击波单独作用下,上面板和芯层是主要的吸能构件,而在冲击波与破片联合作用下,上面板和下面板是主要的吸能构件。     

环口板加强T形管节点抗冲击性能机理研究

为深入研究环口板加强后T形管节点的抗冲击性能,文章采用试验研究和有限元研究相结合的方法,对未加强和环口板加强T形管节点的抗冲击性能进行了比较研究,旨在确定环口板加强节点受冲击后的典型破坏模态;并通过对变形发展、局部变形和整体变形的区分、冲击力-位移关系曲线、能量耗散等分析,揭示环口板加强节点的抗冲击工作机理,研究环口板的局部加强作用,确定环口板加强方式的有效性,可为管结构抗冲击设计和加固维护提供参考。     

A tri-axial ice model for simulating ice-stiffened panel impact: Experiments and numerical modeling

The interaction of ice with a polar ship is complex, which may involve several ice failure mechanisms such as local crushing, tensile, cracking, bending, shearing, sliding and the ship structures could attain permanent deformations. A reasonable modeling of ice behavior is, therefore, critical to the analysis of ship-ice interactions. This paper reports an experimental and numerical study on the behavior of stiffened panels subject to the impact of a wedge-shaped ice block/indenter. The tested stiffened panel was mounted to a Falling Weight Impact Tester, and measurements were taken to help understand the dynamic responses of the structure and the ice, and also the permanent deformations. Finite element analyses using ABAQUS/EXPLICIT were also performed for the lab tests. The proposed ice model features a multi-surface yield function, empirical failure criteria for a few ice failure modes, and a representation of the remaining load carrying capacity of crushed ice. This ice model is implemented in a user-defined subroutine VUMAT and uses the cohesive element in a numerical solution. The predicted and measured impact force and structural deformation compared very well with the tests, indicating that the proposed ice model coded in VUMAT is reasonable. A series of parametric studies was then carried out to identify the key parameters of this new ice model that would have major effects on the prediction of ice impacts. The paper intends to provide test data that may be useful in understanding the complex ice-ship interaction and to introduce a numerical solution with a new ice model that improves the simulation of high-energy ice-ship impacts.     

On the fluid-structure response of elastic-plastic ship sides subjected to impact loads

This paper presents a simplified numerical model capable of analysing the interaction between the structural dynamic response of elastic-plastic struck plate wall of a fluid tank subjected to wedge impact and the resulting fluid motion. The Variational Finite Difference Method (VFDM) is applied to analyse the structural dynamics of the struck plate and 2-D linear potential flow theory is used to study the resulting fluid motion and its effects on the structural dynamics of the struck plate. Experiments of a wedge indenter impacting with both empty and 90% filled tanks are carried out to study the structural deformation of the struck plate. The accuracy of the developed numerical model is validated with published results and experimental results, and good agreement is achieved. Through the comparison of the impact behaviour of empty and partially filled water tank, it is found that the resulting water motion helps to reduce the structural deformation of the struck plate since part of the impact energy is dissipated by the resulting water motion. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and water level on the structural dynamics of the struck plate of a partially filled water tank. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method in analysing ship-ice impact problems.     

泡沫玻璃钢夹层结构板的弯曲强度分析

结合船用泡沫玻璃钢夹层结构的适用理论、有限元分析方法,对基于刚性固定边界条件的泡沫玻璃钢夹层板的弯曲强度计算公式进行推导,给出泡沫玻璃钢夹层板弯曲强度的边界条件修正系数。     

冲击载荷下加筋板非线性瞬态分析

本文用半解析的方法分析了横向冲击载荷下加筋板的非线性瞬态响应。考虑膜力的存在，忽略筋截面上的剪切应力，引入板的应力函数，采用离散加筋板模型，运用能量原理建立加筋板的动响应控制方程。假设挠度为双级数形式，运用迦辽金法，将加筋板的动响应方程转化为一个多自由度的动力系统，采用数值方法来求解。本文最后给出了几个模型的计算结果。     

A comparative study on damage assessment of tubular members subjected to mass impact

This paper focuses on the behaviour of tubular members when subjected to low-velocity mass impact. Particular emphasis is given to the numerical assessment of impact damage and the classification of impact response of tubular members. Damage extents of 12 tubular frame test models were predicted and used for quantifying the modelling uncertainties of the numerical tools. USFOS and ABAQUS software packages were used with beam and shell elements, respectively. Based on the test results and the parametric studies performed, the influence of the geometrical parameters and the interaction between the local shell denting and the global beam deformation modes are discussed. A classification of the impact response of the tubular members based on their relative resistance against shell denting and beam plastic collapse load is proposed. Finally, existing analytical models for each energy dissipation mode are visited and modifications are proposed.     

填充超弹性材料夹层板的抗爆性能研究

夹层板是一种比刚度大、比强度高的结构形式,根据文献将典型加筋板等效为最优夹层板,采用非线性数值方法,对爆炸冲击波作用下方形蜂窝夹层板及填充超弹性材料的方形蜂窝夹层板响应进行数值计算,分析填充超弹性材料夹层对夹层板各部位加速度、速度及位移响应的影响,对比不同爆距下夹层板响应,并分析填充超弹性材料对夹层板吸能的影响。从计算结果可知填充超弹性材料可有效减小爆炸载荷作用下夹层板的响应,减小夹层板面、背板间相对变形。     

填充超弹性材料夹层板的抗爆性能研究

夹层板是一种比刚度大、比强度高的结构形式,根据文献将典型加筋板等效为最优夹层板,采用非线性数值方法,对爆炸冲击波作用下方形蜂窝夹层板及填充超弹性材料的方形蜂窝夹层板响应进行数值计算,分析填充超弹性材料夹层对夹层板各部位加速度、速度及位移响应的影响,对比不同爆距下夹层板响应,并分析填充超弹性材料对夹层板吸能的影响。从计算结果可知填充超弹性材料可有效减小爆炸载荷作用下夹层板的响应,减小夹层板面、背板间相对变形。     

复合材料在海洋工程中的应用

  目的  碳/玻混杂夹层板结构可有效提高船用复合材料层合板弯曲的刚度及强度。为探讨其耐撞击损伤及柔性层表面覆盖防护特性,开展了相关试验研究。  方法  采用落锤法对碳/玻混杂夹层板、玻璃纤维层合板以及碳/玻混杂+单侧贴敷橡胶复合板等3型平板的低速耐撞击性能进行对比试验,对3型结构撞击载荷作用下的宏观损伤形貌特征进行分析,并对比一阶模态阻尼比以评估3型平板的损伤程度特征规律。  结果  结果表明：相同冲击能量作用下,玻璃纤维层合板的损伤区域沿厚度方向呈现较为规则的圆台形,而碳/玻混杂板的损伤区域主要表现为较为明显的层间分层,并集中于碳纤维层与玻纤维层界面处;玻璃纤维层合板的层间损伤面积普遍小于碳/玻混杂夹层板;随着冲击能量的递增,冲击损伤程度的增加对碳/玻混杂夹层板一阶模态阻尼比的影响低于玻璃纤维层合板;单侧贴敷橡胶对碳/玻混杂板的防护作用随着冲击能量递增而减弱。  结论  研究结果为碳/玻混杂夹层板广泛运用于船舶领域提供了可靠的支撑。     

含分层损伤复合材料层合板声激励下振动特性研究

本文通过对含厚度方向不同位置椭圆分层层合板结构动力分析,讨论平面声波激励对结构动力响应特性的影响,基于分层损伤结构变形特点,将含损伤层合板的基板和上下子板采用Mindlin板单元离散,而分层损伤区以虚拟连接单元模拟,根据耗散能的计算确定结构的模态阻尼特征,建立含损伤层合板的振动响应函数的有限元分析方法,用算例验证模型的可信性,在0-1000Hz范围内,计算了含厚度方向不同位置椭圆分层损伤层合板结构的固有频率、模态阻尼和幅频响应与相频响应,依据计算结果分析了分层损伤对动力特性的影响,有益于进一步对分层损伤建立识别模式.