极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能的影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。通过对计算结果进行分析,发现在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视;对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave 型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。上述研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了新的参考和思路。     

Lagrangian flow in the California Undercurrent, an observation and model comparison

During the period 1992–1998, 38 isobaric RAFOS floats were deployed to sample the subsurface flow of the California Undercurrent. The deployments, released over the California continental slope west of San Francisco, have sampled robust year-round poleward subsurface flow associated with the Undercurrent most seasons and the combined inshore current and Undercurrent in winter. Two other types of flow have been seen: a region of weak flow with little net displacement just west of the California Undercurrent, and an active westward propagating eddy field. This eddy field appears to be the primary mechanism for moving floats from the Undercurrent into the ocean interior. The observations and statistics from the RAFOS floats are compared with Lagrangian estimates of particles tracked in a global high resolution ocean simulation in order to evaluate the fidelity of the model along an eastern boundary. The results show that the model reproduces the general character of the flow reasonably well, but underestimates both the mean and eddy energies by a substantial amount.     

双浮体波浪能装置的振荡和能量转换特性研究（英文）

In this study, we investigated the hydrodynamic and energy conversion performance of a double-float wave energy converter(WEC) based on the linear theory of water waves. The generator power take-off(PTO) system is modeled as a combination of a linear viscous damping and a linear spring. Using the frequency domain method, the optimal damping coefficient of the generator PTO system is derived to achieve the optimal conversion efficiency(capture width ratio).Based on the potential flow theory and the higher-order boundary element method(HOBEM), we constructed a threedimensional model of double-float WEC to study its hydrodynamic performance and response in the time domain. Only the heave motion of the two-body system is considered and a virtual function is introduced to decouple the motions of the floats. The energy conversion character of the double-float WEC is also evaluated. The investigation is carried out over a wide range of incident wave frequency. By analyzing the effects of the incident wave frequency, we derive the PTO's damping coefficient for the double-float WEC's capture width ratio and the relationships between the capture width ratio and the natural frequencies of the lower and upper floats. In addition, it is capable to modify the natural frequencies of the two floats by changing the stiffness coefficients of the PTO and mooring systems. We found that the natural frequencies of the device can directly influence the peak frequency of the capture width, which may provide an important reference for the design of WECs.     

近海移动式栈桥码头运动性能计算方法

运用有限水深多浮体三维势流理论和谱分析理论，结合实例计算，建立了一种计算近海移动式栈桥码头三维运动响应的方法，该方法将栈桥码头简化为刚性模块柔性连接器模型（RMFC），柔性连接器被假定为线性弹簧。通过将计算结果与实验结果比较，验证了本文提出的计算方法可以用于预报近海移动式栈桥码头在海浪作用下的三维运动响应情况，其计算结果可以作为设计连接器及锚链的依据。     

锚链多体系统最优化求解方法及其对比分析

为了在不添加额外方程或判断条件的情况下，求解锚链多体系统悬链和卧链共存的状态，提出利用最优化原理描述静态锚链多体系统的状态方程，即最小势能方程，并与传统的悬链线方程和多体系统一般力学方程进行对比分析。结果表明，该方法不需要进行复杂的受力分析，形式简单且物理意义明确。数值计算结果与传统方法在计算悬链时是一致的，且可在统一的框架下计算悬链和卧链同时存在的状态。     

自适应神经网络用于船舶动力定位系统

船舶动力定位（DP）采用一种控制系统驱动装在船上的侧推器和尾部推进器或者几个全回转的推进器，使船定位在海平面的要求位置上。船受到风、浪及流等海洋环境力的作用时会漂移离开原位置，传统的控制方法是采用PID（比例、积分、微分）反馈控制。顾和李（1994）提出了一种新的基于人工神经网络的控制方法，它具有许多优越性：①一个可随意调节的目标函数以适合不同的需求──定位精度高或节约定位能量后前馈控制并能自适应于不同的环境力变化包括非线性的波浪漂力；本文在目标函数中引入了与速度相关的项，从而提高控制质量。这一方法也可用于自动驾驶船舶沿设定的轨迹航行。计算机模拟结果表明本方法能达到很好的控制效果。     

半潜式海洋平台整体结构的三维可靠性分析

本文将半潜式海洋平合模型化为空间刚架结构系统，导出三维刚架梁元在塑性阶段的修正刚度矩阵和等效节点力，并有效地改进了分枝眼界法，开发出通用于平面和立体结构系统的可靠性分析程序，对平台整体结构进行可靠性估算。通过算例，验证了方法和程序的可靠性和通用性。     

柔性连接装置约束下的相邻浮体动力响应分析

许多海上工程作业中会出现两个或多个浮体相邻作业的情形,如海洋平台组块双船浮托安装等.在波浪作用下,相邻多浮体会发生水动力干扰现象,在特定条件下引起强烈的间隙共振,产生的巨大波浪力会对浮体造成破坏.相邻多浮体之间往往会存在柔性连接,需要考虑多浮体水动力干扰及机柔性连接构件的约束力对浮体运动响应的耦合作用,以及约束力本身对刚性或柔性连接构件的影响.因此,需要建立多浮体耦合的水动力-结构动力模型研究相互连接的海上浮式结构在复杂环境载荷下的动力响应.本文以双船浮托安装作业为背景,开发耦合的水动力-结构动力模型分析平台组块在双船拖运过程中的复杂动力响应.通过结合动态子结构法和静凝聚法,考虑连接构件的柔度,将连接构件的质量和刚度凝聚到构件与双船的连接点处.结合多浮体频域水动力分析,研究双船在柔性构件约束下和复杂水动力干扰共同作用下的运动响应.     

FPSO与油轮串靠外输时的系泊时域分析

Problems experienced during Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) tandem offloading operations were investigated. The aim of this research was to improve the reliability of such systems, and it needed a means to assess them. Time-domain simulation and analysis of offloading systems was performed using the multi-body mooring software ARIANE 7.0. Hydrodynamic interaction between the vessels was considered. The responses of the offloading system in different loading cases, different parameters of offloading hawsers and the effects of challenging environmental conditions were calculated. There was a focus on the problems of relative motion between the two bodies and its effects on the intensity of hawser forces. Minimum relative distance, maximum relative headings and maximum tension in the hawsers of offloading systems were obtained by time-domain analysis. The time-domain analysis was effective and comparative study can be used to optimize parameters of the system and extend operating limits.     

浮筏隔振效果评定的矢量四端网络参数方法与试验研究

将矢量四端网络参数计算方法引入到浮筏隔振系统隔振效果评定中。把浮筏隔振系统分解成若干子结构,在每个子结构内建立输入输出的矢量四端网络参数矩阵,利用试验测试导纳数据,计算得到了浮筏系统各个层面的振动响应特征参量,采用功率流振级落差评定了浮筏隔振装置的隔振性能。计算结果与试验结果对比表明:所采用的计算方法合理,可以准确预报浮筏隔振系统的振动能量传递,为实际浮筏隔振效果评定提供了一种工程计算方法。     

船舶柴油机曲轴动态强度分析

为准确分析二冲程船舶柴油机工作时曲轴的动态特性,结合Pro/E 3D软件和ANSYS软件对船舶柴油机曲轴、轴承、活塞、连杆等部件进行三维实体有限元建模,采用子结构法对其进行结构缩减,并将结果文件导入EXCITE软件中,建立整个船舶柴油机的轴系非线性多体动力学模型。采用该模型对曲轴进行一个循环的多体动力学计算。将计算结果恢复到曲轴实体有限元精细模型,进行正常工况下曲轴在一个循环内的动应力计算。结果表明,与单体曲轴强度分析方法相比,采用非线性多体动力学方法可获得更接近实际的曲轴载荷的边界条件,提高了船舶柴油机曲轴动态特性计算精度。     

Design and model test of a soft-connected lattice-structured floating solar photovoltaic concept for harsh offshore conditions

Various types of floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) devices have been previously proposed, designed and constructed with applications primarily limited to onshore water bodies or near-shore regions with benign environmental conditions. This paper proposes a novel FPV concept which can survive harsh environmental conditions with extreme wave heights above 10 m. This concept uses standardised lightweight semi-submersible floats made of circular materials as individual modules. The floating modules are soft connected with ropes to form an FPV array. We first present the conceptual design of the floats and the connection systems, including hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and structural assessments of the floats. To verify the motion response performance, we carried out 1:60 scaled model tests for a 2 by 3 array under regular and irregular wave conditions. From the time series and response spectra, the motion characteristics of the array and the mooring responses are analysed in detail. The proposed concept exhibits excellent performances in terms of modular motions with limited wave overtopping and no contact is observed between adjacent modules under the extreme wave conditions. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference to developing reliable and cost-effective FPV technologies for offshore conditions.     

多刚体动力学在缆索动力分析中的应用

采用多刚体动力学方法建立缆索的力学模型,根据得到的KANE运动力学方程,利用四阶龙格库塔法在时域内进行求解并分析缆索的动力特性。对于单根锚链,采用多刚体法和有限元法进行计算,并将计算结果和相应的试验结果进行比较,验证了多刚体法在锚链动力分析中的可靠性。在此基础上考察多刚体法在钢缆动力分析中的适用性。通过改变链环长度,比较模型缆上端点的张力变化,由计算结果发现对于环长和链长的比值在一定范围内,多刚体法可以用于缆的动力分析。     

功率流隔振效率评价指标及其与振级落差的关系

鉴于功率流方法在隔振分析中的日益受到重视,以及以传递功率流直接作为隔振系统的设计指标存在的缺陷,因此有必要借助经典隔振理论的传递率及插入损失概念导出功率流传递率(插入损失);通过建立柔性基础隔振系统的动力学模型,应用解析分析、数值模拟和实验测试方法对功率流传递率的频谱特性进行了分析研究,对功率流传递率作为隔振设计效率指标的有效性进行了论证;针对功率流及插入损失不易测量的问题,对功率流传递率与振级落差之间的数值对应关系进行了分析比较,包括解析分析、数值模拟和实验验证。     

大吨位沉船打捞多体系统耦合水动力特性研究

双驳船抬吊法是大吨位沉船打捞中主要采用方法之一。两艘驳船、难船构成的系统具有尺度大、间距小等特点,波浪环境形成复杂水动力耦合效应,基于势流理论,增加人工阻尼修正其粘性影响,利用AQWA软件开展单驳船、两驳船约束其一、两驳船耦合三种状态多体系统水动力数值预报研究,重点分析不同状态下驳船运动响应及波浪载荷,探讨了驳船约束模式、浪向角及周期对驳船水动力影响规律,探明了浪向角与周期对驳船耦合水动力及运动响应不利干扰,对指导沉船打捞多体系统的空间布局与作业海况具有重要意义。     

负荷突降工况柴油机曲轴应力多柔体动力学分析

通过仿真试验对负荷突降和转速上升2种工况下曲柄销中心和主轴颈中心处的应力情况进行定量分析,并对应力图谱进行分析。利用Pro E软件对柴油机运动部件进行三维建模,并对其进行组装配置。基于有限元软件ANSYS建立曲轴的三维模型,对曲轴的模态进行分析,进而形成曲轴的多体动力学模型。利用ADAMS平台建立柴油机运动模型,通过施加约束、运动和载荷,最终形成柴油机的虚拟样机试验平台,得到相应工况下的应力图谱,并加以分析。     

基于B样条的三维船体水动力数值计算

本文采用基于B样条的一种新的数值方法计算三维船体水动力，用B样条函数表达三维船体表面的几何形状以及流场中未知物理量的分布，为了验证该数值方法的可行性和精确度首先对处于无限流体域中的圆球体绕流问题进行了计算；其次计算了由ITTC所推荐的Wigley船型的兴波阻力以及以一攻角斜航时的操纵水动力；最后在一些假设下对两船作平行航行时的干扰水动力作了相应计算工作。数值计算结果与其它试验或理论结果在定量或定性上吻合良好。     

水面油膜及漂浮物回收分离装置的研制

针对水面油膜及漂浮物扩散面积大、浮层薄的特点,利用油及漂浮物与水的密度不同这一物理特性,设计一套具有良好水动力性能的水面油膜及漂浮物回收分离装置。载体平台在水面上能够抵御一定的风浪影响,快速、高效地吸收水面表层油膜及漂浮物。完成载体平台、控制系统、油膜及漂浮物回收分离系统的设计及建造,开展系统集成、调试、样机试验等工作,并验证了装置的性能。研究成果可为水面油膜及漂浮物的回收分离设备的研制和应用提供借鉴。     

S集装箱船螺旋桨诱导激振力预报的试验研究

相对其它船型，集装箱船舶螺旋桨的功率密度较高，由其螺旋桨诱导的船体激振力引起船舶剧烈振动的可能性倍增。现介绍SSSRI预报螺旋桨诱导船体激振力的模型试验研究手段和方法，以S集装箱船舶螺旋桨为对象，给出实船螺旋桨诱导船体激振力水平的预报结果。     

Fatigue analysis of the bow structure of FPSO

The bow structure of FPSO moored by the single mooting system is rather complicated. There are many potential hot spots in connection parts of structures between the mooting support frame and the forecastle. Mooting forces, which are induced by wave excitation and transferred by the YOKE and the mooting support frame, may cause fatigue damage to the bow structure. Different from direct wave-induced-forces, the mooting force consists of wave frequency force (WF) and 2nd draft low frequency force (LF) , which are represented by two sets of short-term distribution respectively. Based on two sets of short-term distribution of mooting forces obtained by the model test, the fatigue damage of the bow structure of FPSO is analyzed, with emphasis on two points. One is the procedure and position selection for fatigue check, and the other is the application of new formulae for the calculation of accumulative fatigue damage caused by two sets of short-term distribution of hot spot stress range. From the results distinguished features of fatigue damage to the FPSOs bow structure can be observed.