重型特种车辆多轴转向技术的优化设计

介绍了重型特种车辆多轴转向技术的优化设计目标和方向，概括地分析了转向梯形机构，纵向传动机构和转向系统子构件的优化目标，以及建立数学模型和约束条件时应考虑的因素。     

斯太尔汽车双前轴转向机构分析及其应用

本文在对斯太尔重型汽车的双轴转向传动机构进行分析的基础上建立了数学模型,研究了各部分的传动过程,并采用MATLAB语言编写了转向传动机构分析程序,对转向轴内外轮之间,前后轮间的转角匹配,以及最小转弯半径的匹配关系进行了优化。     

广本雅阁车动力转向系统故障分析与诊断

广本雅阁轿车采用常流式液压动力转向系统,该系统主要由动力转向装置、转向操纵机构和转向传动机构组成。动力转向装置包括动力转向器、动力转向油泵、储油罐、油液软管和管路等。转向操纵机构包括转向盘和转向轴等;转向传动机构包括转向垂臂、转向拉杆、减振器及转向节臂等;动力转向装置的转向器为齿轮齿条式,转向油泵为转子式。     

第五章 万向节及传动轴

万向节传动是由万向节、传动轴和支承装置组成的,能适应输入和输出轴间的角度和长度不断变化的传动机构。它主要用于汽车的传动系统(图126),也用于动力输出和某些转向装置的传动机构上。     

太脱拉815型汽车转向系故障排除与预防

太脱拉815型汽车的载质量大,轴荷较重,相应的转向力也大。其转向系由转向器、转向传动机构和液压转向助力器组成。转向器为蜗杆指销式,转向助力器为液压式,由转向油泵和转向动力缸组成。 常见故障及排除(详见右表) 预防措施     

8×4换电自卸车转向传动系统设计

文章介绍了一种双前轴转向传动系统的设计思路及方法,使用公式计算、可编辑表格求解、DMU仿真分析等方法,以整车最小转弯半径指标为输入,优化转向二轴内轮转角实际与理论偏差最小为目标,通过优化设计转向传动杆系及合理匹配转向梯形来实现双前轴（前桥）车辆稳定可靠的转向功能。该设计方法为双前轴（桥）转向传动机构设计优化提供了有价值的设计思路,具有一定指导意义。     

重型汽车专利摘编（11）

载重汽车的超载限制装置；双前桥结构重型卡车转向传动机构；背负式进气道总成；一种自卸车车厢；一种新型转向后驱动桥；后桥可提升的四轴重型载货车底盘。[编者按]     

EQ1141液压助力转向系统转向沉重故障检修

EQ1141液压助力转向系统主要由转向操纵机构、转向器、转向加力装置和转向传动机构组成。转向操纵机构是驾驶员操纵转向器工作的机构,转向器是把方向盘传来的转矩按一定传动比放大并输出,转向传动机构是把转向器输出的力矩传递给转向车轮的机构,包括从转向摇臂到转向车轮的零部件。     

特种车辆多轴转向机构设计及参数优化

根据阿克曼转向基本原理,特种车辆挂车多轴转向时,要求所有转向车轮做纯滚动、无滑动,但在实际中,所有车轮不可能完全符合理论上的要求,只能通过一定的机械传动机构来保证车轮转向特性尽量贴近理想曲线。论文根据设计要求,匹配设计多轴汽车转向系统参数,利用CATIA建模软件建立结构模型,再通过多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立多轴转向机构运动模型,将机构联接点坐标参数化处理,将各车轮理论转角和实际转角差的绝对值设定为目标函数,并对其进行优化,解决实际的工程设计问题。     

Pro/E机构运动仿真模块在双前轴转向传动机构匹配设计中的应用

介绍了应用Pro/E机构运动仿真模块进行运动仿真的工作流程.通过应用Pro/E机构运动仿真模块对双前轴转向传动机构进行匹配设计的实例,论述了商用车双前轴转向传动机构的设计理论要求、初步的传动机构实体建模方法以及转角特性分析方法、理论模型与实体模型的转角特性数据处理与分析,以及实体模型的优化设计方法,并简要介绍了转向传动机构与悬架系统的运动十涉分析方法.     

某车型转向梯形和驱动机构优化设计

转向梯形及其驱动机构的布置对汽车车辆性能有决定性影响,本文对某车型转向梯形和驱动机构进行优化设计.     

重型设备运载车转向机构的设计与计算

介绍了重型设备运载车的转向机构型式和5种转向模式，要实现这5种转向模式，必须将轮轴设计成机械上相互独立的形式，独立和多轮转向机构只能采用电传操纵方式。文中分析了其电传动力转向系统的要求和特征，对其驱动连杆机构进行了优化设计，取得了良好的设计结果，为该车转向系统的控制与操作提供了必要的数据。     

New approaches to enhance active steering system functionalities: preliminary results

An important development of the steering systems in general is active steering systems like active front steering and steer-by-wire systems. In this paper the current functional possibilities in application of active steering systems are explored. A new approach and additional functionalities are presented that can be implemented to the active steering systems without additional hardware such as new sensors and electronic control units. Commercial active steering systems are controlling the steering angle depending on the driving situation only. This paper introduce methods for enhancing active steering system functionalities depending not only on the driving situation but also vehicle parameters like vehicle mass, tyre and road condition. In this regard, adaptation of the steering ratio as a function of above mentioned vehicle parameters is presented with examples. With some selected vehicle parameter changes, the reduction of the undesired influences on vehicle dynamics of these parameter changes has been demonstrated theoretically with simulations and with real-time driving measurements.     

Role of steering wheel feedback on driver performance: driving simulator and modeling analysis

When driving in curves, how do drivers use the force appearing on the steering wheel? As it carries information related to lateral acceleration, this force could be necessary for drivers to tune their internal model of vehicle dynamics; alternatively, being opposed to the drivers' efforts, it could just help them stabilize the steering wheel position. To assess these two hypotheses, we designed an experiment on a motion-based driving simulator. The steering characteristics of the vehicle were modified in the course of driving, unknown to drivers. Results obtained with standard drivers showed a surprisingly wide range of adaptation, except for exaggerated modifications of the steering force feedback. A two-level driver model, combining a preview of vehicle dynamics and a neuromuscular steering control, reproduces these experimental results qualitatively and indicates that adaptation occurs at the haptic level rather than in the internal model of vehicle dynamics. This effect is related to other theories on the manual control of dynamics systems, wherein force feedback characteristics are abstracted at the position control level. This research also illustrates the use of driving simulation for the study of driver behavior and future intelligent steering assistance systems.     

Role of steering wheel feedback on driver performance: driving simulator and modeling analysis

When driving in curves, how do drivers use the force appearing on the steering wheel? As it carries information related to lateral acceleration, this force could be necessary for drivers to tune their internal model of vehicle dynamics; alternatively, being opposed to the drivers' efforts, it could just help them stabilize the steering wheel position. To assess these two hypotheses, we designed an experiment on a motion-based driving simulator. The steering characteristics of the vehicle were modified in the course of driving, unknown to drivers. Results obtained with standard drivers showed a surprisingly wide range of adaptation, except for exaggerated modifications of the steering force feedback. A two-level driver model, combining a preview of vehicle dynamics and a neuromuscular steering control, reproduces these experimental results qualitatively and indicates that adaptation occurs at the haptic level rather than in the internal model of vehicle dynamics. This effect is related to other theories on the manual control of dynamics systems, wherein force feedback characteristics are abstracted at the position control level. This research also illustrates the use of driving simulation for the study of driver behavior and future intelligent steering assistance systems.     

基于模拟退火算法的运梁车转向机构优化设计

建立了运梁车液压连杆转向机构优化数学模型。考虑车辆在转向时的各种影响因素,以转向机构转向的平稳性、传动性能、利用效率为多优化目标。利用快速的模拟退火算法进行优化求解,以避免陷入局部极值,加快收敛速度。仿真结果显示它使转向机构的综合性能得到了较大的改善。     

Trends in vehicle motion control for automated driving on public roads

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we describe how vehicle systems and the vehicle motion control are affected by automated driving on public roads. We describe the redundancy needed for a road vehicle to meet certain safety goals. The concept of system safety as well as system solutions to fault tolerant actuation of steering and braking and the associated fault tolerant power supply is described. Notably restriction of the operational domain in case of reduced capability of the driving automation system is discussed. Further we consider path tracking, state estimation of vehicle motion control required for automated driving as well as an example of a minimum risk manoeuver and redundant steering by means of differential braking. The steering by differential braking could offer heterogeneous or dissimilar redundancy that complements the redundancy of described fault tolerant steering systems for driving automation equipped vehicles. Finally, the important topic of verification of driving automation systems is addressed.     

基于变权重系数的分布式驱动无人车轨迹跟踪

为了提高分布式无人车轨迹跟踪的精度，提出了基于自主与差动协调转向控制的轨迹跟踪方法。首先，在车辆三自由度模型基础上，基于模型预测控制（MPC）实时计算前轮转角以控制车辆进行自主转向轨迹跟踪。在此过程中，为了提高自主转向下车辆的轨迹跟踪精度与行驶的稳定性，考虑多种因素，利用经验公式及神经网络控制对MPC的预瞄步数和预瞄步长进行多参数调整，实现预瞄时间的自适应控制。其次，在恒转矩需求的情况下，以轨迹偏差为PID控制器的输入及左右轮毂电机转矩为输出进行差动转向控制，实现了差动转向下的轨迹跟踪控制。然后，通过设置权重系数的方法将自主与差动转向相结合。考虑到车辆横纵向动力学因素，采用模糊控制及经验公式对权重系数进行了调整，从而在提高车辆转向灵活性与轨迹跟踪效果的同时保证车辆行驶的稳定性。CarSim与Simulink联合仿真以及实车试验结果表明：与自主转向轨迹跟踪相比，采用变权重系数的协调控制可以在不同的工况下提高车辆的转向灵活性与轨迹跟踪的精度，轨迹跟踪偏差的均方根值改善率达到了11%。所提出的协调转向控制方法可为分布式驱动车辆转向灵活性的提高及轨迹跟踪精度的改善提供一种新的思路。     

电子差速系统轮胎附着特性模拟仿真研究

电子差速系统相对于传统的机械式差速器可以实现转矩的精准分配,根据轮胎的纵向运动特性以及侧向运动特性,结合轮胎滑移率让内外侧车轮在过弯时拥有足够的附着力,减小整车的横摆角速度,提高过弯稳定性。采用后轮双电机的驱动方案,驱动电机采用直接转矩控制的方法,由整车控制器将指定的计算转矩信号发送给电机控制器完成动力分配,所需转矩根据驾驶员的加速踏板及方向盘转角,运用阿克曼转向模型计算得到。     

可变转向比技术在汽车转向系统的应用

现在人们对汽车驾驶的舒适陛和安全性要求越来越高,汽车传统的转向系统无法满足低速时的灵活性与高速时的稳定性要求,可变转向比技术的应用,有效地解决了这一矛盾。文章介绍了当前应用和开发的可变转向比转向系统,指出该系统使汽车具有一定的智能化,提高了驾驶的安全性和舒适性,可变转向比技术是未来转向系统的主要发展方向之一。