绩效管理在客车企业中的应用

正绩效管理是打通从战略管理到绩效提升的各种关节,使战略方案更具操作性,切实提升企业执行力的工具。这几年随着新能源政策的实施,一批新的车企不断涌现,但因兴建时间较短,整体管理基础薄弱,有的甚至还没有完整的绩效制度,有的即使有,但也仅限于绩效评价,单纯评价员工业绩,而不是从战略的高度建立绩效管理体系,使得绩效管理流于形式。战略目的在于总体绩效的提升,因此绩效管理是打通从战略管理到绩效提升的各种关节,     

基于发展阶段的绿色交通体系绩效评价指标研究

在将绩效管理引入绿色交通体系推进方式的基础上,提出了绿色交通绩效管理的基本要素,针对绿色交通的萌芽、成长、成熟及衰退阶段提出了发展特点和需求,明确了绿色交通绩效管理基本导向,重点针对成长型和成熟型绿色交通体系分别以目标管理法、平衡计分卡为基本工具提出了绩效评价指标体系框架。     

航空公司安全管理绩效动态提升机制

为解决航空公司安全管理决策短期化、滞后化问题,有效提升其安全管理水平,在民航安全管理理论系统分析的基础上,深入挖掘安全管理绩效要素及其影响路径,构建了航空公司安全管理绩效系统动力学模型。通过专家访谈法确定了各要素指标间的影响关系及其权重,并运用VENSIM软件对模型进行了仿真,结果表明:当航空公司安全管理绩效达到某种程度后,其提升速率呈减缓趋势,需及时调整安全投入策略;此时安全政策和目标、安全监督检查、安全保障资源和安全沟通可作为未来提升安全管理绩效的最佳干预策略组合,为航空公司的安全管理决策提供科学依据。     

现代企业管理中绩效管理的探析

在现代企业管理中绩效管理成为提升企业竞争力的有效战略工具,确保企业组织战略目标快速平稳地实现,促使企业的经济效益稳步增长,形成企业管理中的良性循环。本文主要以企业管理中绩效管理、绩效考核,考评的方法、步骤等为探讨重点。     

基于BSC对基层国税部门绩效管理体系研究

从2014年国税总局实施绩效管理工作至今,绩效管理工作促进了组织制度建设、发挥了组织作用。然则由于系统理论的指导缺位,现行的绩效评价体系往往无法达到预期目的。本文立足基层实际,基于BSC四个层面探索和优化基层国税绩效管理办法,使国税绩效管理工作更加科学化、合理化,同时也为各政府部门探索绩效管理工作做出应有贡献。     

基于STPA的管制员安全绩效指标分析与检验

完善空管安全绩效管理是提升民航安全管理的关键部分。为了提高空管运行安全,研究结合STPA和DAHP方法,对空管安全绩效展开分析与评估。首先采用STPA,分析安全约束,进而建立指标体系,得到2个一级指标,7个二级指标和20个三级指标;再结合专家经验法和层次分析法进行绩效指标评估验证。结果表明,应急能力和持续监控能力指标的权重较大;同时验证了采用STPA方法在分析指标来源方面具有全面性和一定的可行性。     

系统思考绩效评估

绩效评估不仅是一个评估体系与评估结果的问题,很大程度上也是中国式管理实践与西方数字管理实践博弈中很重要的一个部分.美世咨询上海总经理陆强有一句话很能涵盖两个方面博弈和磨合的结果,这就是:"绩效管理是科学但更是艺术,任何人的管理都不能机械地单单用数字说话."     

实现货运代理和合同物流行业的卓越绩效

在货运代理和合同物流行业中,卓越绩效企业有力掌控着主要增长市场,快速而极具创新性地灵活响应不断变化的客户需求,从而从竞争中脱颖而出。在未来,这些卓越绩效企业在其客户行业内拥有的深厚知识以及利用跨业务功能共享服务开发的成本控制规章将变得比以往任何时候都更加重要。通过向客户提供供应链管理共享服务,卓越绩效企业使自己得以与众不同。为了推动面向客户的各类应用的不断创新,他们将与这些客户一起共同利用IT驱动的流程管理。     

山区高速公路桥隧毗邻项目群施工管理绩效评价研究

山区高速公路进程的加快,导致桥隧毗邻项目群施工备受关注。为提高桥隧毗邻项目群绩效管理水平,从而实现整个工程项目的集体效益合理化,以介绍桥隧毗邻项目群施工管理绩效评价程序为出发点,详细论述了绩效考评的具体内容、考核时间及作用,并以此提出改善桥隧毗邻项目群施工管理绩效的方法,以期为相关施工单位提供参考,促进工程的顺利开展。     

企业推行绩效管理探析

文章对广西公路桥梁工程总公司两年来实施绩效管理的情况进行了回顾和总结,并对存在的不足进行了分析,提出了下一步应该改进和加强管理的意见与建议。     

Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling trends and policies

This paper reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in Canada and the USA over the past two decades. We analyze aggregate data for the two countries as well as city-specific case study data for nine large cities (Chicago, Minneapolis, Montréal, New York, Portland, San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, and Washington). Cycling levels have increased in both the USA and Canada, while cyclist fatalities have fallen. There is much spatial variation and socioeconomic inequality in cycling rates. The bike share of work commuters is more than twice as high in Canada as in the USA, and is higher in the western parts of both countries. Cycling is concentrated in central cities, especially near universities and in gentrified neighborhoods near the city center. Almost all the growth in cycling in the USA has been among men between 25-64 years old, while cycling rates have remained steady among women and fallen sharply for children. Cycling rates have risen much faster in the nine case study cities than in their countries as a whole, at least doubling in all the cities since 1990. They have implemented a wide range of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling and increase cycling safety: expanded and improved bike lanes and paths, traffic calming, parking, bike-transit integration, bike sharing, training programs, and promotional events. We describe the specific accomplishments of the nine case study cities, focusing on each city’s innovations and lessons for other cities trying to increase cycling. Portland’s comprehensive package of cycling policies has succeeded in raising cycling levels 6-fold and provides an example that other North American cities can follow.     

Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America

ABSTRACT

Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability.     

Energy use in passenger transport in OECD countries: Changes since 1970

This paper analyzes some of the changes that took place in the structure of energy use for passenger travel in industrialized countries. Data is presented on energy use and travel activity for the four major modes of travel — automobile, bus, rail and air — for eight OECD countries: the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Norway. We use the Laspeyres and Divisia indices to analyze the causes of the change in energy use between 1970 and 1987. The total change in energy use for travel is explained by changes in domestic passenger transport volumes, the mix of modes of travel, and the energy intensities of each mode. We have found two important effects that have a fundamental impact on energy use for travel since 1970. First, shifts among modes of transport towards more energy-intensive ones and large increases in volumes of travel (measured in passenger-kilometers) increased energy use for travel in many OECD countries, often more rapidly than the overall growth in GDP. Second, energy intensities, measured in mJ/passenger-kilometer, of passenger transport fell only in a few countries between 1970 and 1987. Even though individual automobiles have become more energy-efficient, greater size, power, and weight, worsening traffic conditions in Japan and Europe, and fewer people in cars restrained or even offset efficiency improvements. Particularly notable are the increases in intensities in Japan and Germany. The most important exception to this trend was the United States, but the intensities of land-based travel remain higher there than in most other countries. These findings lead to a pessimistic outlook for future energy use for travel. After all, if little or no energy was saved during the decades of high fuel prices, what can be expected in the 1990s?     

Value of travel time reliability: A review of current evidence

Travel time reliability is a fundamental factor in travel behavior. It represents the temporal uncertainty experienced by travelers in their movement between any two nodes in a network. The importance of the time reliability depends on the penalties incurred by the travelers. In road networks, travelers consider the existence of a trip travel time uncertainty in different choice situations (departure time, route, mode, and others). In this paper, a systematic review of the current state of research in travel time reliability, and more explicitly in the value of travel time reliability is presented. Moreover, a meta-analysis is performed in order to determine the reasons behind the discrepancy among the reliability estimates.     

Technical and environmental effects of biodiesel use in local public transport

Biodiesel use in local public transport could be especially significant in improving air quality in cities. The purpose of the experiments described in this paper was to evaluate the various (10, 20 and 50%) blends of biodiesel with diesel in the context of the engine and pollution aspects. As regards the experimental use of these findings on municipal buses, these experiments were the first reference in Hungary. The ages (15–20 years) and types of buses (Ikarus-280, Ikarus-260) used in the experiments are still common vehicles in Hungarian public transport. During our measurements, there was a significant difference between the change in fuel consumption of articulated and solo buses in traffic when compared to test bench measurements. The proportion of the engine performance reduction is nearly the same as that for biodiesel share in the blends. Most pollutants were decreasing (both at idle and full rpm), but this reduction is not directly proportional to the increase of the blending percentage. However, as for CO₂, emission increase was observed in the case of idle rpm in comparison to normal diesel operation, even though this phenomenon was not due to biodiesel use, but the catalytic converter and the fact that biodiesel was used for the first time in the engine concerned.     

Persistence of walking in Chile: lessons for urban sustainability

ABSTRACT

An extensive body of work from the urban planning, health, and other disciplines has documented the importance of walking to urban sustainability from health, safety, security, environmental and other perspectives. These studies come mainly from countries in North America and Europe, where the majority of the population relies on cars for transportation. Notwithstanding, in many countries in the Global South, walking remains a majority transport mode, while cars increasingly dominate the urban streetscape, but are accessible only to a minority of the population. Chile provides fertile terrain for studying this phenomenon. This article reviews current practice and recent research of walking in Chile, in light of international findings regarding walkability, equity and urban sustainability. To elaborate an overview of the depth and breadth of walking in Chile, an interdisciplinary team conducted a literature review, examined relevant case study material from experience from Chile and in particular from Santiago, and triangulated this mainly qualitative data with results from the origin-destination survey applied in Chile’s main cities, Chilean traffic safety data) and results from official transport reports of other Latin American cities [Tirachini, A. (2019). South America: The challenge of transition. In J. Stanley & D. Hensher (Eds.), A research agenda for transport policy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing]. Findings show that despite priority public investments that have largely prioritised infrastructure for cars, walking in Chile has remained as the majority transport mode up until today, especially for lower-middle income groups, and particularly for care-related tasks performed mainly by women. In this sense, walking in Chile has proven remarkably persistent. The importance of walking as the main transport mode, against the odds, reflects economic, cultural, and urban form determinants, which are explored in this article. Furthermore, a recent upsurge in public interest and community design initiatives to improve walking, particularly the generation of a Chilean approach to “complete streets” has emerged, opening up opportunities to challenge Chile’s version of automobility in favour of more equitable, active and public transportation modes. There is, therefore, in Chile an opportunity to prioritise the walking mode, improve infrastructure for walkers and build from preserving current high pedestrian modal shares, rather than having to reverse widespread car use, as occurs in many countries in Europe and North America. This potential is highly relevant as these conditions are similar to those in other Latin American cities and, potentially, other cities elsewhere in the Global South.     

含蜡热油管道清管过程的卡堵风险分析

现场清管作业时,清管器经常被卡堵,严重时会影响生产.因此,为降低热油管道清管过程中的卡堵风险,根据清管器在含蜡热油管道中的受力情况和运行规律,结合输油管道的现场运行管理经验,分析含蜡热油管道清管过程可能遇到的卡堵,对此提出可靠的应对措施,以杜绝含蜡热油管道周期性清管中各种事故的发生,保证热油管道清管工作的安全进行,为今...     

基于LEAP模型的佛山市交通碳排放研究

随着城市化的发展,珠三角城市交通能源消耗和碳排放迅速增长。为了探讨珠三角城市低碳交通的发展方向,本文采用LEAP模型,以珠三角的佛山市为例,模拟了不同情景下交通总量、陆运和水运的能源消耗、能源结构和碳排放由2011至2030年的变化情况;并据此提出了珠三角城市低碳交通发展对策。结果表明:水运在交通运输中所占份额逐渐被陆运替代,将形成陆运为主、水运为辅的交通模式;在交通总量、陆运和水运等的交通能耗及碳排放方面,低碳情景均小于基准情景,且呈水运小于陆运的态势;而清洁能源使用比重的增加则有利于交通领域的低碳发展。珠三角城市低碳交通发展需关注陆运交通,提高清洁能源在陆运中的使用比重,优化陆运与水运的交通布局,提高运输及能源利用效率。     

Storage space allocation in container terminals

Container terminals are essential intermodal interfaces in the global transportation network. Efficient container handling at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and keeping shipping schedules. In this paper, we study the storage space allocation problem in the storage yards of terminals. This problem is related to all the resources in terminal operations, including quay cranes, yard cranes, storage space, and internal trucks. We solve the problem using a rolling-horizon approach. For each planning horizon, the problem is decomposed into two levels and each level is formulated as a mathematical programming model. At the first level, the total number of containers to be placed in each storage block in each time period of the planning horizon is set to balance two types of workloads among blocks. The second level determines the number of containers associated with each vessel that constitutes the total number of containers in each block in each period, in order to minimize the total distance to transport the containers between their storage blocks and the vessel berthing locations. Numerical runs show that with short computation time the method significantly reduces the workload imbalance in the yard, avoiding possible bottlenecks in terminal operations.