换道操作对智能车辆乘客舒适性的影响研究

乘坐舒适性是决定乘客对智能车辆接受度的重要因素之一。为了提升智能车辆的舒适性,服务智能驾驶控制算法的设计和优化,开展了基于乘客主观感知的实车乘坐舒适性试验,试验中驾驶人驾驶传统车辆执行多次换道操作,获取了60名被试乘客对换道操作的舒适性评价数据,并采集了车辆的运动数据。选取换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度、横向最大加加速度、横向加速度转换幅值以及横向加速度转换频率这5个车辆运动参数作为研究对象。采用二元Logistic回归单因素分析法分析了这5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性的影响,采用接收者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析法为不同晕车易感性的乘客分别确立了这5个车辆运动参数的舒适性阈值,并根据岭回归分析法确定了不同参数对乘坐舒适性的影响权重。结果表明：所选取的5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性具有显著影响,易晕乘客的舒适性阈值小于不易晕乘客的舒适性阈值,在换道过程中,换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度和横向加速度转换幅值是影响乘坐舒适性的主要因素。最后根据车辆运动参数和乘客生理特征参数建立了基于动态时间归整(DTW)和K最近邻(KNN)算法的乘坐舒适性预测模型,该模型对乘坐舒适性的预测准确率为84%,可用于智能车辆控制算法的舒适性判断。     

平地机振动舒适性的测试与评估

介绍了国际标准ISO 2631和欧共体人体安全委员会法规89/391/EC有关车辆座椅振动的测试、分析和评估方法,对平地机在现场作业和路面行驶工况下的振动进行了测试和分析,并以试验中振动最严重的工况为例,按照ISO2631和89/391/EC对平地机振动舒适性及振动对人体健康的影响进行了分析评估。最后,对如何改善平地机的整车动态性能,提高座椅舒适性提出了建议。     

基于Hilbert 变换的车辆过坎振动衰减评价方法

汽车过坎平顺性是车辆性能开发的一个重要内容,其中冲击强度和振动衰减是两个主要指标。单纯考虑车辆加 速度大小并不能充分表征过坎振动衰减的优劣。基于一组对标车辆过坎的试验测量值以及主观评估等手段,研究应用于 整车过坎平顺性评估的振动衰减指标分析方法。分析表明,基于权系数滤波和Hilbert 变换的振动衰减指标分析方法, 能够从复杂的时域曲线中提取出振动的衰减特征,由主、客观试验关联性验证了该指标的有效性,为过坎平顺性的振动 衰减目标的设定、分析优化提供支持。     

某中型载货车驾驶室异常共振的试验研究

针对某中型载货车在35km/h~40km/h车速附近出现的驾驶室异常共振问题,进行了道路试验,采集驾驶室内与驾驶室悬置周边位置处的振动加速度信号。通过驾驶员总加权加速度均方根值对载货车的乘坐舒适性进行了客观评价,结果表明驾驶室振动异常,乘坐舒适性能很差;通过悬架、驾驶室悬置传递函数的计算与分析,发现驾驶室后左悬置对车桥传递至驾驶室的低频振动起到极大的放大作用,是驾驶室内产生异常共振的主要原因。更换驾驶室后左悬置后,该车速段内的异常共振问题已消除。     

车辆随机输入的动态仿真和试验研究

按汽车行驶平顺性评价方法，应用MATLAB工具箱编制了针对五自由度汽车模型的随机输入动态仿真程序，通过仿真可直接获得给定测点的加权加速度均方根值分量的最大值和总加权加速度均方根值，仿真结果与随机输入行驶试验结果基本吻合，证明仿真方法是正确的，该程序可用于汽车悬架系统参数的设计和平顺性的评估。     

对汽车平顺性评价方法的探讨与建议

首先分析了现行国家标准GB4970-1996<汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验方法>与国际上通行的人体振动评价标准ISO2631-1997的区别.通过道路试验测量了驾驶员坐垫、靠背和脚部的平移振动以及坐垫的旋转振动共lO个方向的振动.分析发现汽车中人体振动的峰值因子一般小于9;而按照GB4970和ISO2631的试验数据对比表明,GB4970在一定程度上低估了人体振动.分析各方向振动所占的比例发现,坐垫垂向振动、靠背前后振动和坐垫侧倾振动影响最大.最后提出了对汽车平顺性评价方法的建议.     

Investigating the influence of rail grinding on stability,vibration, and ride comfort of high-speed EMUs using multi-body dynamics modelling

ABSTRACT

High-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) have been popularised rapidly all around the world and have become a major transportation method. Increases in running velocity and wheel-rail deterioration lead to excessive vibration and reduced ride comfort, which are common issues encountered in the operation of high-speed EMUs. While built-in sensors on a car body are able to detect abnormal vibrations in the car body itself, they cannot effectively reflect the ride comfort of passengers. Wheel-rail profile matching can improve the wheel-rail interaction, and rail grinding has thus been introduced as a practical solution to alleviating the aforementioned problems. Nonetheless, the working mechanism of rail grinding has not been investigated theoretically. This study develops flexible car body and human body models based on the rigid-flexible coupled method to systematically study the effects of wheel-rail wear and rail grinding on passenger ride comfort. Case studies show that the proposed models can predict the ride comfort of passengers accurately. It is also demonstrated that rail grinding can significantly alleviate excessive vibration and improve passenger ride comfort in the long term. A long-term investigation reveals that rail grinding can improve the smoothness of the rail surface and reduce the damage to the rail.     

Analytical description of ride comfort and optimal damping of cushion-suspension for wheel-drive electric vehicles

To provide initial design values of seat cushion and chassis suspension damping for wheel-drive electric vehicles (WDEVs), this paper presents an analytical estimation method and a practical damping parameters design method. Firstly, two formulae of the human body vertical acceleration in terms of the power spectrum density (PSD) and the root mean square (RMS) are deduced for WDEVs. Then, the coupling effects of the key vehicle parameters on ride comfort are revealed. Finally, with a practical example, the damping parameters of the cushion and the suspension are initially designed and analyzed. The results show that when every 10.0 kg increases for motor mass, the optimal damping values of the cushion and the suspension should be reduced by about 15.0 Ns/m and 50.0 Ns/m, respectively. However, the RMS acceleration increases 0.017 m/s² with a decrease of 2.5 % for ride comfort.     

多轴商用车的行驶平顺性仿真分析

基于拉格朗日方程建立多轴商用车的五自由度振动微分方程,已知激励功率密度前提下,构造了具有复谐和函数特点的多轴商用车的路面虚拟激励,应用复模态分析给出虚拟响应的求解公式。通过虚拟激励法求取了车身垂直加速度的功率谱密度及均方根值,评价了多轴商用车的行驶平顺性。结果表明,复模态和虚拟激励方法结合,进行多轴商用车的行驶平顺性仿真分析,方法简单、易行。     

汽车主动悬架的单神经元自适应控制

在1/4汽车动力学模型的基础上,设计了汽车主动悬架的自适应神经元控制器。以车辆的行驶平顺性为主要控制目标,车身垂直加速度、悬架动挠度、车轮动位移为具体评价参数,研究了系统在随机路面激励条件下的时域响应,计算了振动响应的均方根值,考察了在变参数条件下控制器的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能有效改善车辆的综合性能,尤其是平顺性和舒适性,并且具有较好的鲁棒性,对模型参数的变化有一定的适应性。     

A Two DOF Model for Jerk Optimal Vehicle Suspensions

Researchers have proposed various active suspension concepts to optimize the tradeoff between ride and handling in passenger vehicles. A few investigators suggested inclusion of the passenger jerk, the derivative of the passenger acceleration, as a measure of ride quality in the performance index. Minimization of a performance index then optimizes both the acceleration and jerk as well as other outputs representing handling quality and design constraints. This approach is called jerk optimal control.

This paper compares two different vehicle models of increasing complexity (the one and two DOF quarter car) using jerk optimal control. Different aspects of suspension performance are investigated, including the structure of the system transfer functions, the structure of the force control laws, and the tradeoffs between the various root mean square (rms) outputs defining system ride and handling performance. Tables compare the numerical results of the two models, allowing predictions of actual vehicle performance.

The results of the two models show the same basic trend for the tradeoff between ride and handling quality: at a constant level of rms passenger acceleration the rms passenger jerk can be reduced significantly, but only at a cost of increased rms tire deflections. In physical terms, a softer ride results in degraded handling performance. For a chosen level of ride improvement, the more realistic two DOF quarter car model predicts more severe degradation of handling. The latter nevertheless predicts a substantial increase in vehicle ride quality is possible through a 55% reduction in jerk. It is expected that actual suspensions could also produce significant increases in ride quality through jerk reduction. Jerk optimal suspensions could find use both in higher end passenger vehicles and in transports for vibration sensitive cargo.     

汽车脉冲输入平顺性评价指标限值的研究

在分析了脉冲输入下人体所受到的振动速度响应到基础上，运用ＩＳＯ２６３１新草案对人体健康的评价指标和限值，提出了脉冲输入下汽车平顺性评价指标的限值，最后以东风ＥＱ２１０２Ｃ型军用越野汽车为例，说明了脉冲输入下汽车行驶平顺性的评价过程。     

乘用车室内噪声与乘员心率和舒适性模糊评价关系研究

乘用车室内噪声是影响汽车乘坐舒适性的重要因素之一.从乘用车室内噪声模拟试验入手,通过客观生理指标的变化来评价汽车乘坐舒适性,实现对主观评价的客观化,尝试提出一种乘员烦躁度的客观—主观模糊评价方法.结果表明,心率变异性分析中的LF、HF及LF/HF指标可在一定程度上反应车内乘客的噪声舒适度.随着噪声舒适度等级的降低,相应...     

Performance evaluation and parameter sensitivity of energy-harvesting shock absorbers on different vehicles

Traditional shock absorbers provide favourable ride comfort and road handling by dissipating the suspension vibration energy into heat waste. In order to harvest this dissipated energy and improve the vehicle fuel efficiency, many energy-harvesting shock absorbers (EHSAs) have been proposed in recent years. Among them, two types of EHSAs have attracted much attention. One is a traditional EHSA which converts the oscillatory vibration into bidirectional rotation using rack-pinion, ball-screw or other mechanisms. The other EHSA is equipped with a mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) that transforms the bidirectional vibration into unidirectional rotation. Hereinafter, they are referred to as NonMMR-EHSA and MMR-EHSA, respectively. This paper compares their performances with the corresponding traditional shock absorber by using closed-form analysis and numerical simulations on various types of vehicles, including passenger cars, buses and trucks. Results suggest that MMR-EHSA provides better ride performances than NonMMR-EHSA, and that MMR-EHSA is able to improve both the ride comfort and road handling simultaneously over the traditional shock absorber when installed on light-damped, heavy-duty vehicles. Additionally, the optimal parameters of MMR-EHSA are obtained for ride comfort. The optimal solutions (‘Pareto-optimal solutions’) are also obtained by considering the trade-off between ride comfort and road handling.     

Random Response of Tractor-Semitrailer System

This work describes an analytical study of the dynamic behaviour of a tractor-semitrailer vehicle. A digital computer simulation was used to describe the longitudinal, vertical, and pitching motions of the vehicle travelling over a stationary random road surface. A man-seat model was also incorporated into the simulation. Vehicle response to road irregularities has been studied by assuming two different roads for loaded and unloaded cases.

Numerical results are presented for vehicle, showing system eigenvalues, power spectral densities and root mean square values of the linear and angular accelerations and displacements. Vehicle acceleration response is compared with the ISO riding comfort standard. All results for the loaded and unloaded cases and for smooth and rough roads indicated that an uncomfortable ride would result from vehicle response.     

汽车座椅舒适性的主观和客观评价研究

在对座椅机械结构及人体脊骨生理结构分析的基础上,从主观和客观两方面针对腰托对汽车座椅舒适性影响进行了理论和试验研究。研究表明腰托装置的设计及安装对人体的体压分布有显著影响,设计合理的腰托装置可明显改善汽车座椅的舒适性。     

基于柔性模型的多轴汽车平顺性的仿真研究

基于弹性梁弯曲振动理论和模态分析法建立了多轴汽车平顺性分析的柔性模型。按照汽车行驶平顺性评价方法，运用建立的柔性模型，分析了车速、路面等级、悬挂质量的分布、车架刚度以及悬架系统的刚度和阻尼对多轴汽车平顺性的影响。分析结果表明：悬挂质量的弯曲振动是影响多轴汽车行驶平顺性的一个不可忽略的重要因素；常用的刚体模型不能准确地描述多轴汽车的平顺性，不适合用于多轴汽车平顺性的分析。     

出租汽车驾驶员振动剂量监测与评价

通过对ISO2631、GB4970等振动舒适性评价标准的研究,建立手动变速器出租汽车驾驶员振动舒适性评价方法。通过实车振动监测和测量驾驶员生理指标,找到了重庆市出租汽车驾驶员在实际行驶工况下达到疲劳的时间;并对他们进行有关疲劳的主观问卷调查,调查统计与试验的结果相吻合,由此得到出租汽车驾驶员达到疲劳时的“振动剂量极限值”。     

多体动力学仿真分析在乘用车底盘调校中的应用

针对某乘用车开发FT阶段乘坐舒适性太差的问题,在该车型底盘调校过程中,通过灵敏度分析对底盘参数进行了优化。首先对减震器阻尼特性进行了调整,提出了多个优化方案,其次通过多体动力学建模及分析方法对优化方案进行了预测,最后通过实车的主、客观测评验证了参数优化方案的实际效果。结果表明,调校后的车辆在保证操控性的前提下,乘坐舒适性得到了改善。     

基于人车路相互作用的路桥接合处差异沉降控制标准

针对路基和桥梁沉降量不同而造成路桥接合处出现桥头跳车的现象,为确定桥头跳车的定量指标,选取人体加权加速度均方根值作为桥头车辆行驶舒适性的振动指标。将路桥接合处纵断面沉降曲线拟合为指数型曲线之后,建立了路桥接合处路面不平整时域模型,并分析了桥头车辆行驶舒适性的影响因素。分析结果显示车速、路桥过渡段的最大差异沉降量和沉降区段长度对人体的行驶舒适性影响很大。根据分析结果,确定了基于人车路相互作用的路桥接合处差异沉降控制参考标准。研究结果可作为判断桥头是否跳车的依据,也可用于一般路基差异沉降标准的制定。