发动机振动传递系统建模及刚度参数影响分析

推导了某类轿车发动机悬置振动系统模型，分析了发动机对车身振动噪声的传递特性，说明该类轿车前梁和副车架是引起噪声放大的主要环节。根据移频减振降噪原理，借助实验优化设计，分析了振动传递系统的六个刚度对抑制振动噪声传递的主次关系。分析说明：降低发动机对轿车的振动噪声最有效的刚度修改措施是调整车前梁与车身联接点的刚度，比直接修改发动机三个悬置点刚度更有效。     

独立悬架汽车转向系统刚度测量

汽车转向系统刚度是影响汽车操纵稳定性的重要因素之一，本文介绍了一种实用的测量独立悬架汽车转向系统刚度的试验方法，分析了汽车转向系统的受力状况，推导了转向系统中各环节刚度的计算公式，对一辆实车进行的试验测量得到了可靠的数据结果，对进一步探讨转向系统刚度对汽车操纵稳定性的影响具有重要的意义。     

浅谈智能驾驶对转向系统的发展影响

随着汽车及零部件行业的飞速发展,助力转向系统技术也得到了飞速发展和更新换代,从最初的机械助力转向,到液压助力转向,再到电动助力转向系统.尤其是随着当前汽车行业智能驾驶和车联网的发展,电动助力转向系统的高级功能开发和技术进一步提速,通过冗余设计从而来支持整车自动驾驶技术.     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

解决N车型外后视镜调节失效问题

车辆后视系统由车外反射镜和广角透镜组成,在车辆安全系统中起着重要的作用。现有的汽车后视镜系统还存在许多问题亟待解决,如汽车转向过程中的盲区等。本文提出了一种新型的智能车辆后视系统的设计方案,该系统能够在不同的行驶条件下自动调节车辆外部镜头的角度。影响因素包括车辆转向角、行驶速度和车辆尺寸参数。本设计以AT90C516RD+单片机为核心控制单元。该系统增加了一个新的自动模式与现有的手动功能保留。通过理论仿真和模型试验,证明该设计完全可行,并已被具有工业潜力的客户调查所接受。     

汽车转向系减振器原理及其阻尼特性的试验分析

介绍了汽车转向系减振器的原理及其发展概况，提出了应用高频电液伺振器进行转向系减振器阻尼特性测试的试验技术及数据处理分析方法，并给出了一种轿转转向系减振器阻尼特性的试验分析结果，建立了其非线性阻尼参数模型。     

汽车动力传动系双质量飞轮-径向弹簧型扭振减振器弹性特性设计方法

本文建立了双质量飞轮－径向弹簧型DMF－RS扭振减振器的弹性特性表达式并进行了理论探讨，提出了该减振器弹性机构的设计方法，可实现理想的硬非线性弹性特性。即在发动机怠速工况下具有很低的扭转刚度，在汽车行驶工况下具有随传递转矩渐增的扭转刚度，同时可保证减振器的极限工作扭角和极限弹性转矩都尽可能大。文中还基于某轿车动力传动系的多自由度集总质量一弹性扭振分析模型，计算分析了采用DMF－RS型减振器的动力传动系扭振固有特性，证实了该减振器的扭振控制性能。     

Analysis of a Passive Sequential Hydraulic Damper for Vehicle Suspension

Vibration isolation characteristics of a sequential hydraulic damper, employing external pressure relief valves, are investigated via analytical means. The sequential hydraulic damper is modelled as a nonlinear dynamical system incorporating nonlinearities due to orifice flows, gas spring and pressure relief mechanisms. The damping characteristics of the sequential hydraulic damper, are compared to those of a constant orifice and a semi-active sequential damper, and discussed in view of their vibration isolation performance. It is established that the performance characteristics of the sequential hydraulic damper are similar to that of a semi-active sequential damper. A tuning methodology to achieve appropriate control of the resonant peak and effective vibration isolation is proposed. The shock and vibration isolation performance of the vehicle model employing a sequential damper are evaluated and compared to those of the vehicle model employing a constant orifice hydraulic damper. It is concluded that the vehicle ride performance can be improved considerably using an adequately tuned sequential damper.     

Active Suspension Control to Improve Vehicle Ride and Handling

In practice most active vehicle suspension work can be traced to two sources, Lotus' modal control and Karnopp's skyhook damper. A model is developed which allows comparison of different active suspension control algorithms. The Lotus modal control algorithm is reviewed, and compared with Karnopp's skyhook damper. It is shown that a tight inner closed loop allows the Lotus algorithm to achieve the inertial damping described by Kamopp for a single comer or quarter car. It is suggested that to achieve simultaneously high inertial damping and good disturbance rejection an inner force loop is desirable. A vehicle control scheme is presented which combines the Lotus modal decomposition with Karnopp's skyhook damper, allowing nearly optimal ride and simultaneously permitting modification of vehicle handling properties.     

乘用车操稳转向性能指标分解技术应用研究

车辆动力学性能开发包括性能目标设定、目标分解、优化设计、底盘调校,逐渐向目标达成逼近,开发结束后实现目标达成。性能目标分解即指标分解,用简单有物理意义的理论公式关联整车指标与总成指标,将整车的客观性能指标分解至系统特性,是整车性能目标达成的关键环节,在性能开发中承上启下,是各主机厂的核心技术。性能指标分解正常在车辆开发初期,用于指标分解的模型应采用尽可能少的建模参数,建模分析迅速且模型能明确表达系统参数对整车性能的影响规律。ADAMS或CarSim模型,由于模型结构过于复杂,不适用于车辆性能的指标分解。本文建立了用于性能指标分解的模型,并基于此模型研究底盘动力学操稳转向性能指标的分解及应用方法,为车辆动力学性能开发工作提供理论指导。     

电动汽车全参数化车身平台化与模块化建模及性能带宽研究

为解决概念设计阶段电动汽车开发周期长等问题,基于隐式参数化方法提出一种电动汽车全参数化车身的平台化与模块化建模策略。首先将车身结构分解为上车体结构与下车体结构,根据设计要求对上下车体各自进行区域划分,定义各区域关键平台化衍生尺寸并进行基线总布置,形成平台化建模策略;然后基于平台化建模对下车体进行功能性模块划分,对上车体进行匹配性模块划分,分别进行参数化建模,形成模块化建模策略;最终建立了某款电动汽车车身的全参数化模型。结果表明,建模策略可实现不同车型的快速衍生,并且根据性能带宽规律,探究了轮距、轴距、车高、前端长度以及后端长度变化对刚度和模态性能的影响,有助于实现基于性能驱动的电动汽车车身与电池包的短周期开发。     

The Dynamics of the Vibrator-controlled Adaptive Damper and its Potentials in Vibration Isolation

In this paper, the dynamics of a vibrator-controlled adaptive damper is simulated. Its potential in vehicle isolation improvement is demonstrated by a quarter car model. From the results obtained, it is known that after adding a vibrator-controlled flow valve to the conventional hydraulic damper, it is possible to achieve a desired frequency-dependent damping characteristics to provide a large damping at system resonance for the attenuation of the system resonant overshoot, but small damping at higher frequencies to guarantee a good isolation performance. The special feature of this adaptive damper lies in the fact that the damper can be constructed totally mechanically without electronics, which provides a practical way for industrial applications.     

并联混合动力汽车扭转减振器性能仿真分析

为改善并联混合动力汽车传动系统的扭振特性,开展了扭转减振器的结构及仿真分析研究。对并联混合动力汽车传动系现有扭转减振器进行分析,提出了一种具有新型结构的弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器;针对某款车型建立 8 自由度集中质量模型,采用 AMESim 仿真软件搭建仿真模型;通过对离合器从动盘扭转减振器、双质量飞轮和弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器 3 种不同结构减振器的扭振特性进行仿真对比,分析了它们在典型工况下的扭振特性,并对扭转刚度和迟滞力矩进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器能保证较短的发动机启动时间,且拥有较好的减振特性;在混合驱动行驶工况下扭转减振器的减振效果与扭转刚度及迟滞力矩的大小呈负相关。     

Kineto-dynamic design optimisation for vehicle-specific seat-suspension systems

Designs and analyses of seat-suspension systems are invariably performed considering effective vertical spring rate and damping properties, while neglecting important contributions due to kinematics of the widely used cross-linkage mechanism. In this study, a kineto-dynamic model of a seat-suspension is formulated to obtain relations for effective vertical suspension stiffness and damping characteristics as functions of those of the air spring and the hydraulic damper, respectively. The proposed relations are verified through simulations of the multi-body dynamic model of the cross-linkage seat-suspension in the ADAMS platform. The validity of the kineto-dynamic model is also demonstrated through comparisons of its vibration transmission response with the experimental data. The model is used to identify optimal air spring coordinates to attain nearly constant natural frequency of the suspension, irrespective of the seated body mass and seated height. A methodology is further proposed to identify optimal damping requirements for vehicle-specific suspension designs to achieve minimal seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) and vibration dose value (VDV) considering vibration spectra of different classes of earthmoving vehicles. The shock and vibration isolation performance potentials of the optimal designs are evaluated under selected vehicle vibration superimposed with shock motions. Results show that the vehicle-specific optimal designs could provide substantial reductions in the SEAT and VDV values for the vehicle classes considered.     

Development and Evaluation of Vehicle Simulation Models for a 4WS Application

In the scope of the European Prometheus project a passenger car with active rear wheel steering was developed by TNO in cooperation with PSA. During development and engineering of the rear wheel steering system simulation tools have been used to reduce development costs. This paper describes the evaluation of different simulation models, from simple to complex, with results of full vehicle driving tests. The optimal balance for model complexity and accuracy was achieved with a 2-dimensional model with an added roll degree of freedom. The results show that validation using time responses can give ambiguous and inaccurate results, and that frequency response functions are much more usable in validation.     

整车多体动力学模型的建立、验证及仿真分析

利用多体动力学方法建立了某轿车的整车非线性多体动力学模型,模型中考虑了前后悬架、转向系统的详细几何结构参数,以及连接处的橡胶衬套、阻尼器的非线性特性,轮胎采用M agic Formu la模型。对所建模型进行了多种试验验证,并分析了该样车的操纵稳定性等相关特性,仿真结果表明所建整车多体模型有较高的精度。     

汽车操纵稳定性与前轮摆振的非线性仿真分析

以某轿车为例,建立3自由度整车系统动力学模型,利用常微分方程稳定性理论和数值仿真计算,详细研究整车的稳态转向特性和系统失稳后的前轮摆振特性。阐明汽车的操纵稳定性与前轮摆振特性同属汽车整车稳定性问题,前者是负刚度系统,后者是负阻尼系统。在一定的参数组合下,具有不同转向特性的汽车都或多或少地存在摆振现象,这与实际情况相符,建议适当增加转向系阻尼和刚度以减小甚至消除摆振的发生。     

汽车离合器多级式非线性扭振减振器弹性元件优化设计

建立了汽车离合器多级式非线性扭振减器弹性元件的优化设计数学模型，开发了功能较完整的优化计算程序ＡＣＴＤＯＤ，可在给定多级非线性扭振减振器弹性特性曲线的条件下，进行其全部弹性元件的优化设计。最后，以实例设计计算表明，该数学模型和优化计算程序是正确、有效的。     

Robust design optimization of suspension system considering steering pull reduction

This paper presents robust design optimization method to reduce steering pull phenomenon. One of the biggest causes of steering pull phenomenon is tolerance of suspension system such as hard point, spring, damper and bush. Therefore, the relationship between suspension systems and steering pull phenomenon has as nonlinear characteristics. But, it can be very difficult to evaluate the analytical design sensitivity. Thus, it is impossible to directly apply a well-developed optimization algorithm based on gradient information. To avoid these difficulty, this study uses sequential approximation optimization process based on a meta-model. The robust design process has 28 random design variables with tolerance. For efficient design process, the sample variances for the design goals are approximated from meta-models. The proposed approach required only 62 evaluations until it converged. Optimal design reduced the drift by 80% and its deviation by 38.7%, respectively. This result proves that the suggested design method of suspension system is effective and useful.     

面向结构的汽车齿轮齿条式转向系仿真模型

针对齿轮齿条式转向系统建立了面向结构的转向系统模型,包括转向齿条动力学和转向横拉杆以及转向立柱的弹性特性、转向减振器阻尼力、转向干摩擦、液压助力特性等。所建模型具有完备的动力学自由度,能准确地反映路面激励对转向轮运动状态地影响。并将该模型嵌入到整车动力学模型中,对两种典型工况进行了仿真计算。通过仿真结果与道路试验结果的对比,验证了该模型的正确性。