岸礁地形上波浪增水和传递波的数值模拟研究

利用完全非线性Boussinesq方程数值模型FUNWAVE-TVD,对珊瑚岸礁地形上波浪的传播变形进行了数值模拟。通过Demirbilek物理模型试验,测试了FUNWAVE-TVD关于岸礁地形上波浪传播变形的计算性能,并分析了模拟结果(包括波高、增水和爬高)之于空间网格步长、底摩阻系数和破碎阈值的敏感性。通过系列组次的数值模型试验,研究了岸礁地形上礁坪长度和礁后岸坡坡度对波浪增水、传递波波高和爬高的影响。结果显示:礁坪长度和礁后岸坡坡度的变化对礁坪增水的影响小;一定范围内,传递波高随礁坪长度的减小和岸坡坡度的增大而增大;爬高随礁坪长度的减小而增大,随岸坡坡度的增大先增大后减小。相关结果对礁顶工程建设具有一定的参考价值。     

海堤外坡坡度对波浪溢流量的影响*

针对极端海况下海堤外坡坡度对波浪溢流量的影响问题,开展了一系列水槽试验研究。通过比较不同外坡坡度下的波浪溢流量,剖析海堤外坡坡度对波浪溢流量的影响。研究发现：1）在-0.6＜Rc/Hm0＜0的范围内波浪溢流量受到海堤外坡坡度的显著影响;2）在此范围内,当海堤外坡坡度从1∶1.5变化到1∶4.25时,同等波浪条件下的波浪溢流越堤量呈现先减小后略有增加的趋势。依据试验结果给出了考虑海堤外坡坡度的波浪溢流量经验公式,可为极端工况下的海堤安全评估和防护提供参考依据。     

坡度对波浪统计特征的影响

为了明确坡度对不同波浪统计特征的影响,利用数值模型对波浪在不同坡度斜坡上的传播进行模拟,分析波浪的非线性参数和波高分布等,比较不同坡度下波浪的传播特性。结果表明,在相同条件下,随着波浪在斜坡地形上传播,波高会随着水深的变浅逐渐增大;坡度对于波浪的波高分布具有较大影响,当坡度较大时,波浪传播至斜坡较浅水深时的波高分布接近瑞利分布,当坡度逐渐减小时,相同波高的发生概率逐渐减小;而Ursell参数则不会随着坡度的变化有明显的变化。     

基于δ-SPH方法的多孔潜堤共振反射数值模拟研究

基于δ-SPH方法,通过在控制方程中引入介质阻力项,建立波浪与多孔潜堤相互作用的数值波浪水槽。对比数值模拟结果与物理模型试验结果,发现二者符合良好,验证了数值模型的可靠性。通过数值算例分析,研究了波浪参数、多孔潜堤参数等对双排梯形多孔潜堤Bragg共振反射的影响。研究表明:当入射波长约为2倍潜堤中心间距时,潜堤发生主频共振反射;波浪未破碎情况下,入射波高的变化对共振反射影响较小;降低堤顶水深、增加潜堤中心间距或增加潜堤宽度能够增强共振反射;当梯形潜堤顶宽固定时,主频反射系数随坡度增大而减小,当潜堤底宽固定时,主频反射系数随坡度增大而增大。文章数值模型能够有效模拟波浪与多孔介质潜堤的相互作用,可为工程设计提供参考。     

岸礁地形对港内低频波浪共振影响的数值研究

采用一组完全非线性Boussinesq方程模型,模拟了双色波群在不同岸礁地形上向岸传播,进而诱发狭长矩形港内水体共振的物理过程.基于分离港内低频波浪的方法,系统研究了港湾处于最低共振模态下珊瑚礁外坡坡度和形状变化对港内锁相长波、自由长波以及它们相对成分的影响.结果表明:对于文中所研究的特定港口、珊瑚礁外坡坡度范围和外坡形状,港内自由长波波幅随着珊瑚礁外坡坡度的增大而逐渐增大;相比于自由长波,外坡坡度的变化对港内锁相长波波幅的影响则极为有限;珊瑚礁外坡形状的变化对港内低频波浪的影响则与珊瑚礁外坡宽度的大小密切相关.     

潜堤坡度对随机波浪非线性特征的影响

利用完全非线性Boussinesq方程数值模型研究了随机波浪在潜堤上传播时,波浪非线性参数的变化。不对称度和偏度极值出现的位置可能是潜堤受波浪冲刷破坏比较严重的位置。斜坡坡度会对不对称度和偏度的变化有一定的影响。     

0-1型BEM与VOF方法耦合模型的研究与应用

文章讨论了近年来出现的波浪耦合数值模型,并建立了一个前域采用考虑底摩阻的0-1型BEM方法,后域采用VOF方法的双向耦合的波浪数值模型(0-1BEM+VOF模型)。应用模型计算了平缓岸坡上规则波的传播与破碎,并通过与物模试验的结果进行对比,表明了0-1BEM+VOF波浪耦合数值模型可以很好地模拟波浪的传播与强非线性变形,验证了该模型的有效性和准确性。     

不同坡度下扭王字块斜坡堤胸墙受力的试验研究

综合考虑堤型结构参数和水动力因素,开展扭王字块斜坡堤不同坡度下胸墙受力的物理模型试验,探讨坡度、相对堤顶超高、相对胸墙高度、相对坡肩宽度、波陡、相对水深和相对块体尺寸等对扭王字块护面斜坡堤胸墙所受波浪力影响的变化规律,并通过多元回归非线性拟合法,总结出扭王字块体斜波堤胸墙水平波浪力的计算关系式。验证表明,该计算公式有良好的精确性。研究成果对防波堤工程设计具有重要参考价值。     

波浪模型试验中底部摩擦的研究

<正> 1 前言 波浪在大洋深水中传播,能量损失主要来自水质点运动内部的粘性阻尼。波浪进入浅水区后,除了破碎,海床对波浪水流的摩阻力引起的能量损失较为显著,必须加以考虑。许多学者对于波浪水流的底部摩阻应力进行了大量的试验研究工作,结合现场的波浪观测,给出了多种成果。由于波浪的底部水流方向、大小的非恒定性且天然海床差别很大,如何准确模拟底部摩擦的影响,成为波浪模型试验的一个重要方面。国内外学者提出了关于底部摩擦的比尺修正方法,但其精度仍依赖于原型的结果。文中结合国家“九五”攻关课题《深水航道对波浪传播影响规律研究》的部分成果,对几种理论进行对比,并对模型试验提出自己的看法。     

福建某渔港防波堤优化设计

本文针对福建省某一级渔港防波堤工程,采用1:33正态物理模型,进行了波浪整体物理模型试验。试验模拟了工程区水下地形、岸线、防波堤及其堤根后方山体,考虑了堤头对岸山体对波浪的反射作用。试验观测了防波堤防浪墙、外坡护面、内坡护面、棱体抛石、护底等部位在各级水位及相应100年一遇波浪作用下的稳定性,对原设计方案进行了优化,供今后的工程设计借鉴。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。