基于整车路噪性能提升的轮胎优化设计

为提升整车路噪性能,本文中基于虚拟试车场技术和代理模型优化方法对轮胎参数进行了优化.通过集成试验场扫描所得路谱、CDTire轮胎模型和整车声固耦合模型,建立了整车路噪仿真环境.采用最优拉丁超立方采样、Kriging模型和多岛遗传算法构造了优化模型.以轮胎关键物理参数为设计变量,驾驶员外耳声压级均方根为优化目标,测点三向...     

行人保护头型冲击器有限元模型研发

文章针对国内外汽车行人保护相关法规,建立了行人保护头型冲击器的有限元模型。结合MODYMO建模特点深入研究,通过确定头型冲击器的关键设计参数,开发出能够快速确定3．5kg和4．5kg（包括2．5kg和4．8kg）头型建模参数的程序,并进行建模,通过静态（跌落）、动态（侧向冲击）标定试验,验证模型正确,可用于汽车行人保护开发设计,     

基于参数化白车身的前纵梁响应面优化设计

以前纵梁为研究对象,基于SFE Concept参数化白车身模型,对正面100%刚性墙碰撞下的整车耐撞性能进行数值模拟和优化设计。文中引入"分析驱动设计"的理念,综合考虑有效加速度、效率、侵入量等多个评价指标,对纵梁的截面、厚度、长度等参数进行DOE实验设计并建立数学模型,总结各设计变量对碰撞性能的影响规律,最终得到纵梁的最优化设计,提高了整车的耐碰撞性能。     

Development of Headform Impactor Finite Element Model Considering the Hyperelastic and Viscoelastic Responses of Rubber

To evaluate and analyze the pedestrian injury risk of automobiles, the finite element models of headform impactors are used. In this study, a modeling method that can accurately estimate the peak of the headform impactor impact pulse and head injury criterion (HIC) was developed. The headform impactor skin has the characteristics of both hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. Therefore, compression tests, stress relaxation tests, and rheometer tests were conducted, and the hyperelastic and viscoelastic models were developed. The models were combined and used in the finite element analysis. The new headform impactor model was verified to accurately estimate the peak of impact pulse and HIC at the certification test of the headform impactor.     

联合模态柔度和静力位移的桥梁有限元模型修正方法

利用商用软件ANSYS提供的零阶和一阶优化算法,通过1个仿真简支梁有限元模型修正算例,比较了不同目标函数的有限元模型修正效果,提出了一种联合动力模态柔度和静力位移的有限元模型修正方法,并将这种方法运用于一座加固后的刚架拱桥的有限元模型修正,建立起了该桥加固后的基准有限元模型。结果表明:利用修正后的刚架拱桥有限元模型计算的静、动力特性与实测结果吻合良好,这种联合静、动力的有限元模型修正方法具有比较好的模型修正效果,修正后的桥梁有限元模型可以服务于桥梁健康监测和安全评估。     

GL6466轻型客车车身结构轻量化优化研究

用梁单元建立了GL6466型轻型客车车身骨架有限元模型,并验证了模型准确性.以车身总质量为目标函数,选取车身骨架主要型材的截面参数为设计变量,以车身弯曲刚度和扭转刚度、关键部位应力、1阶扭转固有频率为约束条件,进行灵敏度分析.根据灵敏度分析结果确定优化设计变量,对该轻型客车车身结构进行优化后,车身总质量减轻8.1％,而...     

汽车悬架系统非线性参数时域优化及应用

针对国产某微型轿车,在建立汽车悬架系统5自由度模型和时域路面模型基础上,对悬架系统的线性弹簧和非线性阻尼参数进行了优化。根据优化结果,对悬架系统的刚度和阻尼进行了匹配设计。经试验表明:座椅加速度自谱峰值减小7.4%,加速度均方根值减小19.4%,有效地改善了该车的行驶平顺性,证明时域优化方法对于悬架系统非线性参数优化是可行的。     

Optimal design of adaptive shaking vibration control for electric vehicles

This paper provides a complete design solution about adaptive optimal shaking vibration control for electric vehicles. A general 4-DOF and 5-order linear torsional vibration model is established under given wheel speed, and the frequency characteristics of the vibration system are elaborately analysed in terms of variation of wheel speed and different model parameters. Aiming at decreasing the shaking vibration at the least sacrifice of acceleration loss, and improving the robustness of the system against external disturbance, a combination of feed-forward and feed-backward adaptive control structure is proposed. Further, a non-linear multi-constraint optimisation problem is formulated for solving the optimal adaptive control variables within the two-dimensional design space composed of the wheel speed and driver's torque command. Furthermore, the distribution of the optimal adaptive control variables within the design space and its extended application under different tyre road conditions are discussed. Eventually, several simulation test cases are particularly designed to verify the performances of the controller on all aspects. Test results show that the optimal adaptive controller achieves satisfactory anti-shaking vibration, acceleration maintaining and robustness performances within the whole adaptive design space as desired.     

有利于行人头保护的风挡玻璃下横梁结构优化设计与试验验证

基于某车型的风挡玻璃下横梁结构,针对提高行人头保护性能进行了优化设计.结果表明,优化后的风挡玻璃下横梁可以提供更大的变形吸能空间,降低加速度峰值和HIC值,提高行人保护性能,为车型行人保护性能评价和开发改进提供借鉴.     

基于提高后碰性能的车身结构优化

为提高乘用车后碰发生时乘客的安全性以及避免燃油泄露,对某款车后纵梁采用分段式设计、合理布置吸能筋及增加后纵梁加强板等优化车身结构设计的方法,使后排R点侵入量由优化前的125mm低为44mm,最大加速度值由24g降低为18g,加速度峰值时间较优化前延迟5ms,同时同一位置处最大截面力由80kN减小为58kN,后碰性能明显提升,通过CAE仿真分析及实车验证,该设计方法符合法规要求,为处理类似车身结构设计问题提供了参考。     

基于改进图分解法的多材料车身结构优化设计方法

针对概念设计阶段的车身结构轻量化设计,提出了一种可实现车身多材料结构设计的分层迭代优化方法。该优化方法的设计变量中,除常见的板厚、材料外,还包括装配设计中的拓扑连接,以实现“将合适的材料用在合适的部位”的要求。分层迭代优化的第1层以拓扑连接为设计变量,采用图分解和NSGA-II对车身装配拓扑结构进行多目标优化,最大化车身弯扭刚度和1阶固有频率;第2层对板厚和材料进行多目标优化,最小化车身质量和材料成本。最终采用基于模糊集合的评分公式选定综合最优解,实现了考虑成本的车身结构轻量化设计。     

车辆起步加速驾驶性客观评价及优化

为实现车辆起步加速过程驾驶性客观评价和优化的需求,通过对实际客户驾驶行为大数据样本的分析,构造了基于客户体验的起步加速客观测试评价工况.将起步加速工况进行了驾驶性特征提取和细分.并从响应性、平顺性、收敛性和风格等方面对客观评价指标进行了设计.通过对竞品驾驶性的测试和指标分析,获得了驾驶性评价指标以及驾驶性正向设计需求....     

Feature-Based Cad System Buildup for Passenger Airbag Design

The passenger airbag (PAB) requires a large volume and fast deployment because of the large distance between the dashboard and the passenger. And various shapes and sizes of the PAB are required depending on the type of vehicle. However, since the PAB modeling process for each design change is complicated and time consuming, the design parameters of the PAB could not be well investigated. In this study, a unique feature-based CAD system has been proposed that easily constructs PAB CAD model and then generates PAB FE model for collision analysis. Main keypoints and widths of PAB that determine the shape and size have been extracted by analyzing the geometric-feature of airbag. The PAB CAD model can be easily constructed by inputting keypoints and widths information. Then, from the constructed PAB CAD model, the PAB FE model is automatically generated. Finally, the generated PAB FE model can be directly employed for collision analysis, thereby reducing the modeling time of the PAB and enabling efficient parametric studies on design.     

基于ANSYS的汽车后桥焊接变形优化

建立了某汽车后桥的有限元模型,确定了材料热物理性能参数和热源模型,介绍了利用生死单元方法模拟焊缝金属的填充过程,并根据实际情况制定了焊接变形合格范围.采用ANSYS有限元仿真技术对后桥焊接变形进行了预测及优化,通过改变焊缝的焊接顺序及方向实现了抑制焊接变形的目的.结果表明,优化后后桥焊接变形量最小为1.3 mm,模拟计算结果与实测结果相吻合.     

Spatial Dynamics of Multibody Tracked Vehicles Part I: Spatial Equations of Motion

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic equations of motion of the three dimensional multibody tracked vehicle systems are developed, taking into consideration the degrees of freedom of the track chains. To avoid the solution of a system of differential and algebraic equations, the recursive kinematic equations of the vehicle are expressed in terms of the independent joint coordinates. In order to take advantage of sparse matrix algorithms, the independent differential equations of the three dimensional tracked vehicles are obtained using the velocity transformation method. The Newton-Euler equations of the vehicle components are defined and used to obtain a sparse matrix structure for the system dynamic equations which are represented in terms of a set of redundant coordinates and the joint forces. The acceleration solution obtained by solving this system of equations is used to define the independent joint accelerations. The use of the recursive equations eliminates the need of using the iterative Newton-Raphson algorithm currently used in the augmented multibody formulations. The numerical difficulties that result from the use of such augmented formulations in the dynamic simulations of complex tracked vehicles are demonstrated. In this investigation, the tracked vehicle system is assumed to consist of three kinematically decoupled subsystems. The first subsystem consists of the chassis, the rollers, the sprockets, and the idlers, while the second and third subsystems consist of the tracks which are modeled as closed kinematic chains that consist of rigid links connected by revolute joints. The singular configurations of the closed kinematic chains of the tracks are also avoided by using a penalty function approach that defines the constraint forces at selected secondary joints of the tracks. The kinematic relationships of the rollers, idlers, and sprockets are expressed in terms of the coordinates of the chassis and the independent joint degrees of freedom, while the kinematic equations of the track links of a track chain are expressed in terms of the coordinates of a selected base link on the chain as well as the independent joint degrees of freedom. Singularities of the transformations of the base bodies are avoided by using Euler parameters. The nonlinear three dimensional contact forces that describe the interaction between the vehicle components as well as the results of the numerical simulations are presented in the second part of this paper.     

某重型商用车的车架结构优化设计

以某重型牵引车车架为研究对象,建立了该型车架的有限元模型,进行了车架模态的仿真与试验,并将结果进行了对比分析,验证了有限元模型的准确性;根据重型牵引车的承载特点和行驶工况,对该车架在满载弯曲工况和满载扭转工况进行静态应力分析,考察车架在典型工况下的应力分布,以此评价车架设计的合理性。在此基础上,对车架的连接横梁进行了结构优化,对改进方案进行了有限元分析,并通过DOE分析确定了最优方案。通过车架结构优化设计及工程实践,反映了利用有限元法进行车架的设计和分析,具有精确可靠、周期短、费用低的优势,显示出了广泛的应用前景。     

基于应力优化的大客车结构多目标优化

对某全承载式大客车进行了结构有限元分析,研究了该客车结构强度、振动模态频率、质量等多个性能目标的优化设计问题.分析结果表明,该客车初始设计模型的刚度满足设计要求但应力较大.强度储备不足,因此采用优化结构最大应力的方法进行优化.经过两个阶段的优化设计,显著降低了结构最大应力.提高了一阶扭转频率,减轻了车身骨架质量,客车结构设计更为合理.     

基于二次规划的智能车辆动态换道轨迹规划研究

为实现智能车辆的自主换道操作并满足安全性、舒适性和实时性等约束条件,提出一种针对动态交通环境的换道轨迹规划模型。该模型由道路平面曲线表征模块、路径生成模块以及速度曲线生成模块组成。首先,在道路平面曲线表征模块中,模型基于实时获取的周边道路信息,利用切比雪夫多项式插值法回归拟合出连续可导的道路平面曲线函数,用以保证模型在各种道路平面线形上的普适性。然后,在路径生成模块中,根据换道车辆初始时刻的运动状态,建立一系列多项式方程,并利用牛顿迭代法求解方程未知参数,以此生成连接初始位置和目标位置的换道路径,用以保证换道轨迹的平滑性。最后,在速度曲线生成模块中,以满足防碰撞约束、跟驰加速度约束以及车辆运动状态约束为目标,构建二次规划模型,生成沿着换道路径的车辆速度曲线,用以保证换道轨迹的安全性和舒适性。此外,考虑到周边动态的交通环境,车辆系统在每个时间步内会循环调用提出的模型实时更新换道轨迹,直至车辆到达目标位置。仿真试验结果表明：应用提出的换道轨迹规划模型,车辆能够有效避免与周边动态车辆发生碰撞,成功完成换道;基于二次规划框架,模型优化求解时间明显缩短,满足轨迹规划的实时性和有效性要求。     

大客车结构有限元分析及轻量化设计

建立了某型大客车结构有限元模型,验证了该模型的正确性。完成了整车振动模态、扭转刚度的分析。在此基础上,以壳单元厚度为设计变量,以1阶扭转频率和扭转刚度为联合约束函数,以整车质量最轻为目标函数进行结构优化设计。通过对整车刚度、模态和强度的分析与校核,表明该大客车轻量化方案满足性能要求,具有可行性。     

市域公路网布局优化模型研究

针对市域公路网布局的特点和要求,对传统的市域公路网布局单目标优化模型进行了扩展,通过将连续变量离散化和引入双层规划方法,建立了市域公路网布局优化双层规划模型,并将模拟退火算法应用于模型的求解,采用Visual Basic6.0语言开发了相应的算法程序,该算法尤其适合求解大规模路网优化问题。应用示例表明了所建模型及算法的可行性。