遗传算法在汽车性能评价及参数优化中的应用

遗传算法是一种全局优化算法，本文以时域内的车－－路闭环系统操纵稳定性综合证件了小的为目的；地汽车评价对汽车评价参数和结构参数进行优化，并以四自由度汽车模型作为仿真模型，在单移线条件下对某型小轿车进行仿真研究。仿真研究结果是人车闭环系统跟随预期路径的精度提高约５１．７％；而使综合评价指标下降约３６．６5.     

模糊控制理论在驾驶员—汽车—环境闭环系统操纵稳定性研究中的应用

本文采用模糊控制理论方法，对驾驶员－汽车－环境闭环系统的操纵稳定性进行了研究，建立了驾驶员智能模型，研制了整个闭环系统的仿真软件，模拟了几种典型工况的汽车运行，试验证明闭环系统模型合理，仿真结果正确。     

具有随机道路输入的人—车—路闭环操纵系统的响应分析与操纵安全性评价

本文建立了一种平衡随机道路输入的数学模型。应用精细积分法，进行了具有此类随机道路输入的人－车－路闭环操纵系统响应的仿真研究与汽车的主动安全性评价。该方法不仅为精确算法，珂能缩短汽车主动安全性的评价周期，避免实车试验带来的巨大的经济负担。结合实例，说明该方法是正确的，其结果是有效而合理的。     

车辆转向轻便性人-车-路闭环系统计算机仿真研究

对车辆转向轻便性建模仿真中的人-车-路闭环系统建模方法进行了阐述,提出了一种在地面坐标系统中求驾驶员预瞄轨迹误差的数值解法。该方法使用二分法求解直线与双纽线的交点,避免了使用一般解法出现增根且难以取舍以及使用复杂的非线性方程求根函数时计算量大的问题,能够方便地计算出驾驶员预瞄轨迹误差,使最优预瞄驾驶员模型能够适用于航向角大范围变化的转向轻便性试验仿真。     

面向人-车-环境系统的汽车驾驶模拟器的开发和应用

应用模拟技术可安全经济地对人－车－环境系统进行研究，主要包括以人为重点对驾驶员及乘客的生理，心理和行为等的研究，以汽车为重点对汽车动力学模型和汽车性能仿真等的研究，以环境为重点对车内空气，车内装置，道路评价和交通规划及管理等的研究。     

燃料电池汽车正向建模及人车闭环仿真

应用Matlab/Simulink建立了燃料电池汽车正向模型,描述了从人车控制界面的车辆动力控制部件开始,控制机械转矩发生装置产生转矩,沿转矩传递路线直至车轮使车辆前进的过程;而速度跟踪的纵向驾驶员模型,描述了驾驶员驾驶车辆按给定目标速度行驶的模型.对车辆正向模型与纵向驾驶员模型组成的人车闭环模型进行仿真与试验数据对比表明,该模型准确性高.可对任意给定的循环工况进行仿真.     

“人-车-路”闭环仿真研究

汽车行驶的安全性不只取决于汽车自身的性能,还受驾驶员状况及道路状况的影响.文中在对汽车、驾驶员及道路进行分析研究的基础上,选择汽车、驾驶员和道路模型,建立了“驾驶员-汽车-道路”闭环模型,利用MATLAB语言开发了该闭环模型的仿真软件,并进行了汽车稳态转向特性校正试验、角阶跃输入试验及汽车穹道运行对比试验等仿真研究,进...     

误差分析法求解PO预瞄驾驶员模型参数

采用动态响应误差分析法,求解PO预瞄驾驶员模型的参数,保证人-车闭环系统为4阶无差系统,且第5阶误差系数绝对值最小。仿真结果表明,该方法可使人-车闭环系统具有良好的动态特性。     

人-车-路闭环系统中的双离合器式自动变速器车辆换挡规律

结合不同驾驶员意图、整车质量参数和道路状况,制定了人-车-路闭环系统中双离合器式自动变速器车辆的修正型换挡规律。对修正型换挡规律下的系统进行仿真研究表明,该规律有助于消除频繁升降挡现象。基于xPC平台,建立了干式双离合器式自动变速器控制系统的硬件在环仿真试验台。结合复杂路面,采用比例-积分-微分控制器,针对普通和修正型换挡规律两种情况分别进行硬件在环仿真,结果验证了修正型规律有效性,有助于减少作动器的动作次数。     

驾驶员统计特性对人—车闭环系统响应的影响与汽车主动安全性评价

基于预瞄跟随理论，本文应用一般随机摄动法，对考虑驾驶员不确定性的人－车闭环系统进行响应分析，结合实例，说明该方法在汽车主动安全性评价中的应用。     

Study on driver model for hybrid truck based on driving simulator experimental results

In this paper, a proposed car-following driver model taking into account some features of both the compensatory and anticipatory model representing the human pedal operation has been verified by driving simulator experiments with several real drivers. The comparison between computer simulations performed by determined model parameters with the experimental results confirm the correctness of this mathematical driver model and identified model parameters. Then the driver model is joined to a hybrid vehicle dynamics model and the moderate car following maneuver simulations with various driver parameters are conducted to investigate influences of driver parameters on vehicle dynamics response and fuel economy. Finally, major driver parameters involved in the longitudinal control of drivers are clarified.     

驾驶仿真模型实验验证及参数初步标定

为了验证适用实际道路输入的最优加速度模型并标定相应的参数,选取有代表性的路段进行实车观测实验。实验的结果表明:该模型的仿真结果与实际车辆在弯道上行驶规律相吻合,驾驶员的前视时间在不同的视野下有所变化,并且不同的驾驶员其前视时间存在一定的差异。     

A passenger car driver model for higher lateral accelerations

Due to increasing demands for time and cost efficient vehicle and driver assistant systems development, numerical simulation of closed-loop manoeuvres becomes increasingly important. Thus, the driver has to be considered in the modelling. On the basis of a two-layer approach to model a driver's steering behaviour, the field of application is extended to higher lateral accelerations in this study. An analytical method to determine the driver parameters is presented, which is based on the two-wheel vehicle model. The simulation results are determined using a full vehicle model including all essential nonlinearities. Standard manoeuvres in the nonlinear range of vehicle handling behaviour are performed. A cornering manoeuvre is chosen to show the characteristics of the proposed driver model.     

A passenger car driver model for higher lateral accelerations

Due to increasing demands for time and cost efficient vehicle and driver assistant systems development, numerical simulation of closed-loop manoeuvres becomes increasingly important. Thus, the driver has to be considered in the modelling. On the basis of a two-layer approach to model a driver's steering behaviour, the field of application is extended to higher lateral accelerations in this study. An analytical method to determine the driver parameters is presented, which is based on the two-wheel vehicle model. The simulation results are determined using a full vehicle model including all essential nonlinearities. Standard manoeuvres in the nonlinear range of vehicle handling behaviour are performed. A cornering manoeuvre is chosen to show the characteristics of the proposed driver model.     

汽车与摩托车碰撞事故再现及摩托车驾驶员致伤特点分析

通过对事故中汽车损坏痕迹及摩托车驾驶员伤亡情况的鉴定,建立模型,构建事故碰撞环境,使用成熟事故再现软件PC-Crash对汽车与摩托车碰撞事故发生过程进行重建,对摩托车驾驶员碰撞后的运动响应及各损伤部位的动力学响应参数进行分析,将仿真结果中摩托车驾驶员的运动响应、损伤部位的伤亡程度及动力学响应结果与法医学尸检报告中的客观事实进行对比,得出了基于PC-Crash的仿真结果与实际情形基本符合的结论。     

A lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling

This paper presents a lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling. An appropriate driver model can be used to evaluate the performance of vehicle chassis control systems via computer simulations before vehicle tests which incurs expenses especially at the limits of handling. The driver model consists of two parts. The first part is an upper-level controller employing force-based approach to reduce the number of unknown vehicle parameters. The feedforward part of the upper controller has been designed by using the centre of percussion. The feedback part aims to minimise ‘tangential error’, defined as the sum of body slip angle and yaw error, to match vehicle direction and road heading angle. The part is designed to regenerate an appropriate skid motion similar to that of a professional driver at the limits. The second part is a lower-level controller which converts the desired front lateral force to steering wheel angle. The lower-level controller also consists of feedforward and feedback parts. A two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model-based feedforward part provides nominal steering wheel angle, and the feedback part aims to eliminate unmodelled error. The performance of the lateral driver model has been investigated via computer simulations. It has been shown that the steering behaviours of the proposed driver model are quite close to those of a professional driver at the limits. Compared with the previously developed lateral driver models, the proposed lateral driver model shows good tracking performance at the limits of handling.     

Application of Elementary Neural Networks and Preview Sensors for Representing Driver Steering Control Behaviour

This paper demonstrates the use of elementary neural networks for modelling and representing driver steering behaviour in path regulation control tasks. Areas of application include uses by vehicle simulation experts who need to model and represent specific instances of driver steering control behaviour, potential on-board vehicle technologies aimed at representing and tracking driver steering control behaviour over time, and use by human factors specialists interested in representing or classifying specific families of driver steering behaviour. Example applications are shown for data obtained from a driver/vehicle numerical simulation, a basic driving simulator, and an experimental on-road test vehicle equipped with a camera and sensor processing system.     

Finite Disturbance Directional Stability of Vehicles with Human Pilot Considering Nonlinear Cornering Behavior

The driver of a vehicle has a significant influence on handling and stability of the vehicle. Due to the complex behavior of a human pilot, a driver model is usually neglected when dealing with the problem of vehicle stability. This work focuses on the interaction between the vehicle and the human pilot. A model characterizing human operator behavior in a regulation task is employed to study directional stability. Linear stability is analyzed by the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and stability boundaries separating the stable domain of operation of the driver from the unstable one are constructed.

The linear analysis predicts that the only possible instability in a driver/vehicle system is an oscillatory instability with increasing amplitude. It is shown that the addition of kinematic as well as slip angle nonlinearities in the vehicle model can have a stabilizing effect on these oscillations of the combined driver/vehicle system. They may also be responsible for the opposite, namely a linearly stable motion may become unstable to finite size disturbances. These nonlinear motions are predicted by a bifurcation analysis and are verified by direct numerical simulation.     

Simulation of Vehicle and Power Steering Dynamics Using Tire Model Parameters Matched to Whole Vehicle Experimental Results

This paper uses simulation to investigate how vehicle loading conditions (driver only, passengers, cargo, and fuel) affect power steering system and overall vehicle dynamics. Our purpose of the study was to evaluate the power steering system model for possible use in the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). The effects of changing loading conditions on inertial properties of passenger cars have been found experimentally using a Vehicle Inertia Measurement Facility (VIMF). This paper presents simulation results using a vehicle handling model combined with a power steering system model and a nonlinear tire model. A crucial part of this project was the adjustment of certain parameters of Pacejka's tire model in order to match simulation results with experimental measurements of vehicle and power steering variables in transient maneuvers.     

融合预瞄与势场栅格法的紧急避撞驾驶人模型

紧急避障工况下的驾驶人操作具有响应快且动作幅值较大的特点，传统预瞄驾驶人模型已不能适应紧急避障工况的需求，故考虑实际避撞场景开发相应的驾驶人模型就显得尤为必要。针对此种状况，基于驾驶模拟器，结合紧急避撞工况实际驾驶人操纵数据，提出了一种融合预瞄与势场栅格法的紧急避撞驾驶人模型。首先针对紧急避撞工况下车辆运动特点，建立车辆横、纵向耦合非线性动力学模型，并给出其状态空间方程描述；其次，离线仿真分析紧急避撞系统特征，并结合线性二次型最优控制，建立最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型；再者，基于紧急避撞工况下真实驾驶人经验转向行为数据，开发基于势场栅格法的驾驶人模型，为进一步提高驾驶人模型对避障行驶工况的适应性，将基于势场栅格法的驾驶人模型与最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型进行融合，并基于Sigmoid函数实现两者输出的权重分配；最后，针对所提出的融合预瞄与势场栅格法的驾驶人模型，开展基于避撞台架的驾驶人在环仿真试验以及实车试验。研究结果表明：在紧急避撞工况下，对比最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型，融合预瞄与势场栅格法的驾驶人模型输出的转向动作与实际驾驶人行为较为接近，可在保证避障安全性的前提下，兼顾避障路径跟踪精度与车辆行驶的稳定性。