稳态条件下用车车辆动力学分析的轮胎模型

本文对稳态条件下可用于车辆动力学分析的轮胎理论模型和半经验模型，包括纵滑侧偏特性、纯纵滑特性和纯侧偏特性模型，进行了综合与分析，并讨论了各种模型间的相互关系。为车辆动力学分析提供了具体的轮模型和选用依据。     

轮胎侧偏特性研究的特点及其发展

首先,分析并阐述了车辆动力学特性与轮胎力学特性的关系。然后,对轮胎力学特性进行了分类,介绍了轮胎侧偏特性研究的特点,描述了轮胎稳态和非稳态侧偏特性研究的历史及其发展。最后,指出了轮胎侧偏特性研究的意义和轮胎模型的研究方向。     

轮则侧偏特性研究的特点及其发展

首先分析并阐述了车辆动力学特性与轮胎力学特性的关系。然后，对轮胎力学特性进行了分类，介绍了轮胎侧偏特性研究的特点，描述了轮胎稳态和非稳态则偏特性研究的历史及其发展。最后，指出了轮胎侧偏特性研究的意义和轮胎模型的研究和方向。     

用于汽车制动、驱动与转向运动模拟的轮胎力学统一模型

提出了一种包括任意垂直载荷分布的轮胎在纵滑与侧偏联合工况下的力与力矩的统一模型。该模型可归结为无量纲合力与无量纲综合滑移率的关系,因此简化了试验结果的归纳与整理,并可从较易行的单纯侧偏试验结果中推断出侧偏与纵滑联合工况下的无量纲力学特性,从而为汽车在转向、制动、驱动及其联合工况下动力学的模拟研究奠定基础。文中同时给出了一些轮胎台架试验结果和汽车转弯制动试验结果,并与按模型计算的结果作了比较。     

轮胎侧偏动特性对汽车操纵稳定性的影响

在建立轮胎侧偏动特性微分方程的基础上 ,利用 8自由度车辆模型进行仿真 ,分析了轮胎侧向力滞后对车辆操纵稳定性的影响 ,给出了各工况下的仿真结果。结果表明 ,轮胎侧偏动特性对车辆高速时的操纵稳定性具有一定的影响作用。     

分布驱动轮式车辆差动转向动力学特性研究

针对现有轮式车辆差动转向理论中未考虑胎体扭转特性和稳态差动转向动力学特性的问题,结合分布驱动轮式车辆结构特点,进行基于轮胎扭转和侧偏特性的轮式车辆差动转向动力学特性研究。通过建立单轴和双轴分布驱动轮式车辆动力学模型,分析轮胎与路面相互作用机理和稳态差动转向形成过程;讨论胎体扭转和横向变形引起的车轮回正力矩与侧偏力、侧向外力和车辆结构尺寸等对车辆稳态差动转向过程的影响。结果显示,轮胎扭转迟滞及其产生的回正力矩对稳态差动转向影响较大;双轴轮式车辆差动转向过程为侧偏与侧滑的耦合作用,其差动转向的必要条件为轮距大于轴距。     

轮胎动力学特性仿真分析研究

分析了各种常用轮胎模型的特点与应用范围,根据汽车操纵动力学研究的需求,在Matlab环境下运用魔术公式建立了轮胎动力学模型,并对汽车轮胎力与纵向滑移率,纵向力、侧向力及回正力矩与纵向滑移率、侧偏角、外倾角、垂直载荷的关系等轮胎特性进行了仿真分析,实验结果表明,魔术公式轮胎动力学模型可以较好地模拟轮胎的动力学特性,适用于车辆动力学研究领域。     

轮胎附着极限下差动制动对汽车横摆力矩的影响

本文以纵滑－侧偏联合工况的稳态轮胎模型为基础，分析了汽车极限转向条件下制动作用于不同车轮时对汽车横摆力矩的影响，并通过整车动力学仿真进行了验证，研究结果为利用差动制动控制提高汽车的高速操纵稳定性提供了动力学依据。     

考虑胎体复杂变形的轮胎非稳态转向特性半经验模型

本文在考虑胎体复杂变形的轮胎非稳态侧偏特性理论模型的基础上，提出了一种半经验模型。经过试验验证，在与汽车平面运动有关的低频范围内，其理论值与试验值吻合较好。与已有产半经验模型相比，该模型精度较高，可直接反映轮胎模型参数和结构参数间的关系，便于在车辆动力学仿真与轮胎特性改进中应用。     

考虑轮胎非线性特性的分段线性化处理

在四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性的研究中,难以直接利用线性控制理论来处理轮胎非线性模型。针对这一问题,论文提出了根据轮胎的侧偏特性建立轮胎分段线性化模型,利用MATLAB软件将分段线性后轮胎模型的侧偏特性与“魔术公式”轮胎模型的轮胎侧偏特性进行仿真对比。结果表明,分段线性化轮胎模型与“魔术公式”轮胎模型的侧偏特性曲线变化趋势一致,进而表明该模型可以通过线性处理简便得到轮胎侧偏刚度从而运用到四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性研究中。     

动载荷作用下客车轮胎侧偏刚度的估算

侧偏刚度是决定操纵稳定性的重要参数。从轮胎模型和运动分析、整车运动和受力分析两方面介绍了客车动力学模型。探讨了如何估算动载荷作用下客车的侧偏刚度,并以国产SX6120A型豪华大客车为例,仿真得到了轮胎的侧偏刚度。     

A simplified model for evaluating tire wear during conceptual design

In the field of vehicle dynamics, commercial software can aid the designer during the conceptual and detailed design phases. Simulations using these tools can quickly provide specific design metrics, such as yaw and lateral velocity, for standard maneuvers. However, it remains challenging to correlate these metrics with empirical quantities that depend on many external parameters and design specifications. This scenario is the case with tire wear, which depends on the frictional work developed by the tire-road contact. In this study, an approach is proposed to estimate the tire-road friction during steady-state longitudinal and cornering maneuvers. Using this approach, a qualitative formula for tire wear evaluation is developed, and conceptual design analyses of cornering maneuvers are performed using simplified vehicle models. The influence of some design parameters such as cornering stiffness, the distance between the axles, and the steer angle ratio between the steering axles for vehicles with two steering axles is evaluated. The proposed methodology allows the designer to predict tire wear using simplified vehicle models during the conceptual design phase.     

Vehicle modeling with nonlinear tires for vehicle stability analysis

The dynamic stability of a vehicle depends on various maneuvering features, such as traction, braking, and cornering. This study presents nonlinear vehicle models for estimating the stability region and simulating the dynamic behavior of a vehicle. Two types of vehicle models were found by considering the degrees of freedom and linearity. A simple model with nonlinear tire dynamics is useful for determining the stability region, while a complex model (a multi-body dynamic model in MSC.ADAMS) is appropriate for carrying out accurate simulations. Actual data for a mid-sized passenger car were used, and the models were validated by comparison with test results.     

利用模态参数对轮胎纯侧偏特性建模

在轮胎静生趣特怀建模的基础上，探讨了利用轮胎模态参数对轮胎纯侧偏特性的建模。通过侧向激振试验提取了轮胎的侧向模态参数并计算了轮胎在不同载荷下的偏离特性，计算结果与以往轮胎的试验结果具有很好的一致性。计算结果转化为无量纲形式并与经验模型进行了比较，建模和计算结果充分说明了模型的合理并显示了建模方法的优越性。     

Analysis of handling performance based on simplified lateral vehicle dynamics

In this article, the analysis methods for vehicle handling performance are studied. Using simple models, dynamic characteristic parameters such as yaw, natural frequency, and the damping coefficient of a vehicle can be theoretically formulated. Here, the vehicle is simplified by a bicycle (single-track) model, and the tire is modeled by an equivalent cornering stiffness and first order lag. From the experimental road data, the tire model parameters (equivalent cornering stiffness and time lag constant) are extracted. These parameters are then inserted into the theoretically formulated equations of dynamic characteristic parameters. For the purpose of validating the efficiency of the suggested methods, experimental road tests (where the cars have different handling performances) are performed. The results show that vehicle handling performance can be sufficiently represented by the suggested dynamic characteristic parameters. So, it is concluded that the proposed method has practical use for the development of new cars or for the comparison of similar cars since the evaluations of the vehicle handling performance can be efficiently determined by the suggested dynamic characteristic parameters.     

On Lateral Dynamics of Vehicles Based on Nonlinear Characteristics of Tires

The problems of vehicle lateral dynamics based on nonlinear characteristics of tires are discussed in this paper. A new nonlinear perturbation model on the cornering behavior of the tire is constructed. The nonlinear influences of tires on the steady-state steering behavior, dynamic response and handling stability of vehicle are discussed, applying the approximate analytical methods for nonlinear vibration. An analytical criterion of stability is obtained. Some numerical examples are given.     

On Lateral Dynamics of Vehicles Based on Nonlinear Characteristics of Tires

The problems of vehicle lateral dynamics based on nonlinear characteristics of tires are discussed in this paper. A new nonlinear perturbation model on the cornering behavior of the tire is constructed. The nonlinear influences of tires on the steady-state steering behavior, dynamic response and handling stability of vehicle are discussed, applying the approximate analytical methods for nonlinear vibration. An analytical criterion of stability is obtained. Some numerical examples are given.     

轮胎非稳态转向特性半经验模型

在轮胎非稳转向特性理论模型的基础，本文提出了一种半经验模型，经过试验验证，在与汽车平面运动有关的低频范围内，试验值与理论值吻合得较好，与已有的半经验模型相比，该模型具有计算简单，精度较高等优点，直接反映出轮胎模型参数与结构参数间的关系，便于在汽车动力学仿真与轮胎特性改进中应用。