汽车防抱死制动系统的H_∞鲁棒控制

为克服道路条件变化与汽车载质量、制动器效能因数和胎压等参数摄动及因忽略系统非线性因素而出现的未建模动态特性给汽车制动防抱死系统(ABS)控制带来的不良影响,提高其鲁棒性和控制精度,运用汽车动力学理论,建立了ABS系统的数学模型并进行了适当简化。采用混合灵敏度方法设计了基于滑移率控制的ABS系统H∞鲁棒控制器。利用Matlab/Simulink对所设计的鲁棒控制系统进行了仿真,并与传统PID控制作了对比分析。结果表明,ABS鲁棒控制器在控制精度、鲁棒稳定性及响应时间等方面都优于传统PID控制;在汽车载质量、制动效能因数和道路条件等发生变化的情况下,ABS鲁棒控制器均能承受参数变化的不确定性,并将车轮滑移率有效地控制在期望值附近,明显提高了整车的制动性能。     

汽车半主动悬架的模型参考自适应控制

在1／4车辆动力学模型的基础上，基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论，以天棚阻尼半主动悬架为参考模型，设计了半主动悬架模型参考自适应控制器。自适应控制器包括可调前置控制器和状态反馈控制器两个部分。推导了自适应控制律与相应的约束条件。仿真结果表明：该控制器对于模型参数的不确定性具有良好的鲁棒特性。自适应控制器不仅明显降低了车身加速度，提高了平顺性，同时也使汽车的行驶安全性获得了改善，悬架动变形稍有增大。     

汽车速度自动控制系统鲁棒控制器的研究

为开发汽车速度自动控制系统，本文建立了汽车直线行驶动态分析与控制模型，设计了控制系统的鲁棒控制器，并对控制器作了仿真分析，仿真结果表明，鲁捧控制器具有较好性能，具有实用价值。     

基于自适应动态滑模控制的智能汽车纵向巡航控制

为消除参数不确定性和外部干扰等因素对智能汽车纵向巡航控制的影响,提出一种基于自适应动态滑模的纵向巡航控制方法.建立以广义纵向力导数项为控制输入的车辆纵向动力学模型,基于反步法构建保证车速与纵向加速度同时收敛于期望值的新型滑模函数;在此基础上,设计了期望广义纵向力的动态滑模控制律,并利用RBF神经网络对控制律中的未知干扰...     

无人驾驶机器人车辆非线性模糊滑模车速控制

为了实现不同行驶工况下车速的精确、稳定控制,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器的无人驾驶机器人车辆模糊滑模车速控制方法。考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰对车速控制的影响,建立车辆纵向动力学模型。通过分析无人驾驶机器人油门机械腿、制动机械腿的结构、机械腿操纵自动挡车辆踏板的运动,建立油门机械腿和制动机械腿的运动学模型。在此基础上,分别设计油门/制动切换控制器、油门模糊滑模控制器以及制动模糊滑模控制器,并进行控制系统的稳定性分析。油门/制动切换控制器以目标车速的导数为输入来进行油门与制动之间的切换控制。油门模糊滑模控制器和制动模糊滑模控制器以当前车速以及车速误差为输入,分别以油门机械腿直线电机位移和制动机械腿直线电机位移为输出来实现对油门与制动的控制。模糊滑模控制器中,为了减少控制抖振,滑模控制的反馈增益系数由模糊逻辑进行在线调节。模糊滑模控制器中的非线性干扰观测器用于估计和补偿无人驾驶机器人车辆的模型不确定性与外部干扰。仿真及试验结果对比分析表明：本文方法能够精确地估计和补偿无人驾驶机器人车辆的模型不确定性和外部干扰,避免了油门控制与制动控制之间的频繁切换,并实现了精确稳定的车速控制。     

车辆自适应巡航控制系统的建模与分层控制

为改善车辆自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统的功能,本文中研究一种ACC系统建模和分层控制方法。首先建立考虑纵向、侧向和垂向耦合特性的14自由度整车模型,并根据电子节气门和制动器的实际物理特性建立能准确跟踪期望输入的执行器模型。接着建立包含驱动/制动切换逻辑、发动机逆模型和制动器逆模型的车辆逆动力学模型。最后针对ACC系统的功能需求,应用模型匹配控制理论设计能适应不同工况的鲁棒下层控制器,而上层控制器则通过线性二次最优控制理论获得综合考虑车距、相对速度和自车加速度的期望跟车加速度。仿真结果表明,该ACC系统能使车辆在加速行驶、稳态跟车和制动减速等行驶工况下保持良好的跟踪性和自适应性。     

纯电动汽车制动避撞系统的建模与分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对纯电动汽车制动避撞系统,提出了基于反馈线性化的跟车距离、速度跟踪误差的滑模控制方法;考虑了模型非线性、系统参数不确定性和外部干扰的因素,建立车辆纵向动力学模型;采用指数趋近律的控制方法,设计了一种双输入双输出的汽车避撞系统控制器;并进行了跟车场景下制动避撞控制器的仿真。结果表明:该控制器避撞控制效果明显,在保证汽车行驶的舒适性的同时,跟车过程的跟踪误差小。     

主动转向系统的神经网络模型逼近自适应控制的研究

将主动转向系统模型与2自由度整车模型相结合,组成被控对象模型。为提高具有非线性特性和不确定性的主动转向系统的自适应性能和鲁棒性能,采用基于线性RBF神经网络的模型逼近自适应控制方法,以横摆率和以横摆率与侧偏角变化率相组合为被控对象参数分别设计C1和C2两种自适应控制器,并对它们进行鲁棒性和稳定性分析。采用1阶参考模型和指令滤波器,对两种自适应控制器和考虑不确定性的H∞鲁棒控制器进行了多种非线性对比仿真。结果表明,自适应控制器比H∞鲁棒控制器有更好的动态和静态跟随性能;而两种自适应控制器中,C2控制器又略胜一筹。     

基于模型匹配方法的汽车主动避撞下位控制系统

针对汽车主动避撞系统下位控制的鲁棒性要求，应用模型匹配控制理论，设计了汽车主动避撞下位系统的控材器；并解决了下位控制系统鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒跟随性难以得到兼顾的问题；通过实车试验结果对此控制器性能进行了验证；获得了较好的效果。     

基于ITS的汽车主动避撞性关键技术研究(二)

3.2.3 下位控制方法研究 由于车辆制动、驱动力特性中含有强烈非线性,同时车辆质量变动、道路坡度及风阻等外部干扰因素的存在,车辆下位控制器设计时如果不采用模型匹配控制方法,则控制系统的鲁棒跟随性和鲁棒稳定性必然是相互对立的两个性能。针对这一问题,本研究设计了二自由度控制器来实现车辆主动避撞系统下位控制的控制性能,此控制器的特征是闭环目标值应答特性可以通过反馈特性的设计来独立设定。在这种情况下,利用前馈补偿器来设定目标值的应答特性(本研究中是模型匹配特性),利用反馈补偿器的设计来实现反馈特性(本研究中是鲁棒跟随特性和鲁棒稳定特性),很好地实现了控制要求。 为了进行控制系统补偿器的设计,必须求出控制对象的标准传递函数。在本研究中,从控制对象的频率特性出发,利用响应特性的相似性来求得控制对象的传递函数。     

Fuzzy Logic Traction Controllers and their Effect on Longitudinal Vehicle Platoon Systems

This paper presents two fuzzy logic traction controllers and investigates their effect on longitudinal platoon systems. A fuzzy logic approach is appealing for traction control because of the nonlinearity and time-varying uncertainty involved in traction control systems

The fuzzy logic traction controllers we present regulate brake torque to control wheel slip, which is the normalized difference between wheel and vehicle speed. One fuzzy controller estimates the peak slip corresponding to the maximum tire-road adhesion coefficient and regulates wheel slip at the peak slip. The controller is attractive because of its ability to maximize acceleration and deceleration regardless of road condition. However, we find through simulations the controller's performance degrades in the presence of time-varying uncertainties. The other fuzzy logic controller regulates wheel slip at any desired value. Through simulations we find the controller robust against changing road conditions and uncertainties. The target slip is predetermined and not necessarily the peak slip for all road conditions. If the target slip is set low, stable acceleration and deceleration is guaranteed, regardless of road condition

We also study the effect of traction control on longitudinal vehicle platoon systems using simulations. The simulations include acceleration and deceleration maneuvers on an icy road. The results indicate traction control may substantially improve longitudinal platoon performance, especially when icy road conditions exist.     

四轮独立驱动电动车自适应巡航滑模控制

为实现四轮独立驱动电动汽车的自适应巡航功能,采用基于趋近律的滑模控制理论设计了自适应巡航控制系统.上位控制器以实际车距与期望车距的偏差作为输入,采用滑模控制律获得主车期望加速度,然后将期望加速度作为下位控制器的输入,计算出电机期望转矩,用于实现自适应巡航控制.在CarSim中建立电动汽车整车模型,并与Simulink进...     

车辆转向与驱动综合控制及横向速度观测器的设计

为了实现复杂工况下车辆自动跟踪控制,建立了纵横向耦合车辆模型,研究了车辆在弯道变速行驶工况的动力学耦合控制问题,根据滑模控制以及动态表面控制理论,提出了一种基于车辆转向与驱动控制的综合控制器,并针对横向车速不可测,设计了横向速度观测器。仿真结果表明该综合控制器具有良好跟踪性能,在复杂工况下表现出较好的动、静态特性。     

Robust control of anti-lock brake system

A robust control algorithm for an anti-lock brake system is proposed. The method used is based on static-state feedback of longitudinal slip and does not involve controller scheduling with changing vehicle speed or road adhesion coefficient estimation. An improvement involving scheduling of longitudinal slip reference with longitudinal acceleration measurement is included. Electromechanical braking actuators are used in simulations, and the algorithm used in this study is shown to have high performance on roads with constant and varying adhesion coefficients, displaying nice robustness properties against large vehicle speed and road adhesion coefficient variations. Guidelines are provided for tuning controller gains to cope with unknown actuator delay and measurement noise.     

A curving ACC system with coordination control of longitudinal car-following and lateral stability

The paper presents a curving adaptive cruise control (ACC) system that is coordinated with a direct yaw-moment control (DYC) system and gives consideration to both longitudinal car-following capability and lateral stability on curved roads. A model including vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamics is built first, which is as discrete as the predictive model of the system controller. Then, a cost function is determined to reflect the contradictions between vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Meanwhile, some I/O constraints are formulated with a driver permissible longitudinal car-following range and the road adhesion condition. After that, desired longitudinal acceleration and desired yaw moment are obtained by a linear matrix inequality based robust constrained state feedback method. Finally, driver-in-the-loop tests on a driving simulator are conducted and the results show that the developed control system provides significant benefits in weakening the impact of DYC on ACC longitudinal car-following capability while also improving lateral stability.     

Design and Evaluation of Robust Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Systems in Parameter Space

This paper is on the design of cooperative adaptive cruise control systems for automated driving of platoons of vehicles in the longitudinal direction. Longitudinal models of vehicles with simple dynamics, an uncertain first order time constant and vehicle to vehicle communication with a communication delay are used in the vehicle modeling. A robust parameter space approach is developed and applied to the design of the cooperative adaptive cruise control system. D-stability is chosen as the robust performance goal and the feedback PD controller is designed in controller parameter space to achieve this D-stability goal for a range of possible longitudinal dynamics time constants and different values of time gap. Preceding vehicle acceleration is sent to the ego vehicle using vehicle to vehicle communication and a feedforward controller is used in this inter-vehicle loop to improve performance. Simulation results of an eight vehicle platoon of heterogeneous vehicles are presented and evaluated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed design method. Also, the proposed method is compared with a benchmark controller and the feedback only controller. Time gap regulation and string stability are used to assess performance and the effect of the vehicle to vehicle communication frequency on control system performance is also investigated.     

基于预测恒定车头时距策略的自适应巡航控制研究

为了进一步提高车辆跟车过程中的跟踪性、安全性、舒适性和燃油经济性，针对已有间距策略表现过于保守或反应过于激烈等不足之处，提出了一种预测恒定车头时距策略。该策略考虑了相对加速度，建立了一种预测型期望车间距模型，进而应用于模型预测控制的多目标自适应巡航控制系统中，能进一步提高模型预测控制对多个控制目标的综合协调能力。搭建上层控制器、下层PID控制器、油门制动切换、逆纵向动力学模型。在多工况下仿真，通过建立性能评判指标对多目标进行量化分析。结果表明，所提出的间距策略在保证安全性的前提下，提升了自适应巡航控制系统的综合性能。在不同驾驶风格的车头时距下，跟踪性、舒适性和燃油经济性均有良好表现。     

考虑预碰撞时间的自动紧急制动系统分层控制策略研究

为提升汽车的主动安全,对车辆自动紧急制动系统控制策略进行研究。利用分层控制的思想对控制策略进行建模,上层控制器为对车辆制动减速度进行决策的预碰撞时间模型,根据汽车追尾事故深度调查的驾驶员紧急制动数据分析制动系统的制动减速度,在考虑舒适性的条件下确定预碰撞时间阈值。下层控制器按照上层控制器输出的制动减速度,分析车辆轮胎模型和制动系统的关系,通过PID控制调节制动压力对车辆进行控制。在安全评价规程标准工况下验证控制策略的可靠性,通过追尾事故场景的重建来验证控制策略的有效性。仿真结果表明:设计的控制策略在相对车速65km/h以内时能有效避撞,而高于65km/h时能最大程度地降低碰撞车速,减小伤害。     

Design and validation of a longitudinal velocity and distance controller via hardware-in-the-loop simulation

In this paper, a set of longitudinal velocity and distance controllers with switching logic is proposed for an active driver safety system, and validation via hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) is presented. Since the desired velocity and distance are given discretely and arbitrarily by a driver, there are usually discontinuities or discrete jumps between the desired and current vehicle state immediately after the switching. To minimize performance degradation resulting from this discrete jump, dynamic surface control (DSC) with an input-shaping filter is applied for both velocity and distance control. Furthermore, while much cost and effort are usually necessary for the experimental validation of a longitudinal controller, the validation of the longitudinal controller via HILS is performed with a minimum of effort. In the HILS, the various switching scenarios and desired discrete inputs in terms of velocity and distance are considered and the corresponding performance of the controller is shown in the end.