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城市桥梁的抗震防灾问题日益受到学术界和工程界的高度重视。近几十年的几次大地震表明,地震时桥梁大多因发生碰撞而引发破坏、落梁甚至坍塌等严重灾害。本文以南山路T605主线南段第二联的(20+20+20)三跨简支梁桥为工程背景,借鉴相关规范和桥梁建设过程中的相关经验,采用Kelvin接触单元模型,建立三跨简支梁桥的全桥有限元模型,分析了纵梁间的碰撞单元阻尼对全桥地震响应的影响。 相似文献
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桥梁由于受到结构以及基础尺寸的影响,很容易发生地震破坏。桥梁结构一旦出现地震破坏,不仅会造成交通运输的中断,同时也有可能造成严重的人员伤亡以及财产损失事故。因此,桥梁抗震设计非常重要,以桥梁工程中最为常见的混凝土桥梁为例,首先分析了现行相关规范中对于桥梁抗震设计的相关要求,进而系统地论述了桥梁抗震性能的评估方法,并提出了提高桥梁抗震性能加固措施,可以为桥梁工程检测与加固工作的实施提供合理的参考。 相似文献
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船舶碰撞事故对航行安全威胁严重,不仅会导致船舶、货物的损坏,还会对航道和水域环境造成污染,如果船上装载的石油、危化品等物质由于事故原因产生泄漏,更是会对临近水域及生态环境带来灾难性破坏。因此,对船舶(特别是危化品运输船舶)碰撞风险的预测和管理一直受到各界的重视。本文在全面分析船舶碰撞事故风险因素的基础上,利用互信息理论计算事故数据特征因素间互信息值,确定了各碰撞风险特征因素间的依赖关系,并最终建立了船舶碰撞险情的贝叶斯网络预测模型,以期为航运企业和航道管理单位的管理提供理论依据,从而减少船舶碰撞事故,保障我国航运业的安全、高效和绿色发展。 相似文献
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桥梁是重要的生命工程结构,在防震减灾中具有重要地位。2008年汶川大地震使大量桥梁损毁,甚至直接导致交通中断,给抗震救灾带来了非常大的困难。专家们在总结国内外震害经验后发现,"场地条件是影响桥梁镇海的主要因素,其中因场地液化及侧向扩展导致桩基础乃至整个结构破坏的占相当大的比重。" 相似文献
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在经历大地震时,为了避免桥梁发生落梁等灾难性损坏,在桥梁构造措施中,通常要设置横向限位装置等以防落梁。分析比较实际工程中,挡块与主梁间加橡胶垫块、木垫块、二者不预留间隙和留有3cm间隙的不同工况下,挡块所受碰撞力及桥墩弯矩值的变化,得到不同情况下墩和横向限位装置破坏的先后顺序,对挡块在抗震中起到的作用进行评估,给出合理的主梁与挡块的接触形式。 相似文献
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沃尔沃卡车开发出具备应急制动功能的碰撞预警系统以避免因注意力分散而造成的严重碰撞事故。
公路事故中追尾碰撞占比很大,为此沃尔沃卡车开发出具备应急制动功能的碰撞预警系统。这套系统将能帮助驾驶员有效避免和减少追尾碰撞事故的发生,目前已经应用在沃尔沃卡车新FH系列上。 相似文献
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桥梁承载着重要的交通运输使命,一旦遭受地震破坏,不仅会造成巨大经济损失,而且有可能造成人员伤亡,工程修复难度较大。因此,在进行桥梁设计时,特别是对于地震区的桥梁工程,要注重抗震设计,保证最终设计的合理性。在对几种桥梁抗震设计方法进行介绍基础上,对静力弹塑性(Pushover)方法在双圆柱墩桥梁抗震设计中的应用进行探讨,希望为相关工作人员提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献
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