Performance evaluation of the inside intersection median-turn lane markings on the mobility and safety performance of signalized intersections in the Philippines and Japan

Signalized intersections are one of the key elements that play a vital role at road networks. The efficiency and safety levels of intersections can affect the operational performance of the whole system. In general, turning traffic, especially median-turning, has always been considered as the most problematic movement in the operation of intersections. This becomes more critical with high turning demand where exclusive turning lanes (single or double) can be assigned to provide larger capacities for these movements and to reduce conflicts with through traffic. However, improper treatment of median-turn lanes could create cross-maneuvering behavior which may limit the expected increase in capacity and create safety issues. Median-turning lane markings are commonly provided at intersections in Japan to guide drivers while turning which is expected to reduce the conflicts among turning traffic. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, exclusive median-turn lanes are installed at intersections without proper treatment which may contribute to the low mobility and safety levels. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of inside intersection lane markings on the operation of median-turn lanes in terms of mobility and safety. The vehicle maneuver, speed and interactions between the turning traffic were utilized as essential components for the assessment. The empirical analysis shows that conflicting trajectories were present on double turn lanes without median-turn lane markings in the Philippines, which resulted to serious conflicts among the turning vehicles and negatively influenced the turning speed and saturation flow rate of the turn lanes. On the other hand, the turn lane markings in Japan, provided a positive impact to mobility and safety of the turning lanes. Moreover, it was also found that the geometric characteristics and traffic signal phasing scheme highly affects the capacity and safety condition of signalized intersections.     

Evaluating the effects of external factors on pedestrian violations at signalized intersections (a case study of Mashhad,Iran)

One of the most critical reasons for accidents involving pedestrians in signalized urban intersections is their violations regarding running red lights. Therefore, studying the essential factors in this issue is of interest to researchers. This research aims to evaluate the external factors affecting the pedestrians' violation, specifically, factors regarding the geometrical design and traffic situation. Cameras recorded the behavior of 1590 pedestrians in 10 crosswalks of 6 intersections in Mashhad. Afterward, the effect of 12 distinct variables for each pedestrian was assessed. To analyze the data, SPSS was used in combination with binary logistic regression. Out of the nine variables participated in the model, “traffic volume”, “the number of violators”, “length of the crosswalk”, “red light duration”, and “physical movement problems” affect the pedestrians' decision to comply with or violate a red light. The analysis shows that with an increasing number of vehicles, the probability of violation would reduce by 9.5%. Moreover, if the number of other violating pedestrians grows, the probability of violation would increase significantly. The increase of one unit in “length of the crosswalk”, would result in a violation reduction of 13.9%. Also, if the pedestrian suffers from physical disabilities, the probability of violation decreases by 78.6%. On the other hand, the growth of one unit in “red light duration” would increase the violations by pedestrians 2.2%.     

关于城乡道路旅客运输管理一体化的思考

对城乡客运市场现状进行了分析，论述了城乡客运实施一体化管理的必要性和可行性，提出城乡客运一体化管理的模式和实施内容。通过对城乡客运一体化管理实施后良好效果的分析．肯定这一模式对市场管理的积极推动作用。     

OGFC配合比设计与经济分析

排水性沥青路面（OGFC）是一种新型的路面结构,具有排水、降噪和抗滑功能。文章介绍了OGFC配合比设计、施工中应注意的问题,并对OGFC使用的高粘度改性沥青和SMA使用的改性沥青的成本进行了经济对比分析,指出,OGFC面层不但具有良好的排水、降噪功能,而且造价低于SMA路面。     

智能网联环境下的交通信息与安全——第4届交通信息与安全国际学术会议综述

交通信息是交通运输发展的基础,交通安全是交通运输的重要目标,智能网联环境下的交通信息与安全越来越受到学术界的重视.第4届交通信息与安全国际学术会议(ICTIS 2017)在此背景下隆重召开.围绕交通信息与交通安全的核心内容,分别从道路、水路的信息与安全角度出发,研讨了水路信息多元化应用、海上事故分析与船舶避碰、道路基础设施信息交互、公共交通优化等热点问题,展示了最新的研究成果.综述了会议报告的热点,分析了交通安全趋势以及存在的问题,并指出新能源动力船舶系统安全与防控、多种类多模式交通流动态预测、无人船开发与应用、道路安全建模等是交通安全与信息未来的研究方向.     

地铁施工对上部建筑结构安全性影响的在线监测系统设计与实践

地铁隧道下穿施工必然会对地上结构产生不利影响,通过对上部结构的状态在线监测系统的设计和实践,以及基于云平台的预警体系建设,实时获得地铁施工对地上结构的影响规律,从而在施工工艺选择及其施工工艺参数设计等环节可最大限度地减小地铁施工对结构物的不利影响。观测数据表明:在线监测系统提供的监测数据可实时准确地反映地铁施工对地上结构的影响,并指导地铁施工,以保证地上结构的安全。     

高速公路隧道(群)风险特征点的临界安全车速及其应用研究

考虑高速公路隧道(群)各风险特征点的行车风险变化规律,对隧道(群)进行空间区段的划分,提出6个典型风险特征点;根据行车制动风险模型,分析隧道路段风险影响要素,如车辆初始速度、驾驶员反应时间、路面摩擦因数及道路纵坡坡度,给出了不同长度类型隧道(群)、不同时间、不同路面型式及灾害性天气下4个风险影响要素的取值;通过分析和对比理论计算结果,得到了隧道(群)各风险特征点在自由行驶状态和跟驰状况下的临界安全车速变化规律,进而得出各点的临界安全车速。结果表明:提出的隧道(群)风险特征点处的临界安全车速,能够为隧道运营安全管理提供理论依据。     

汽车EMS系统的原理和功能的控制逻辑分析

阐述了汽车EMS系统的原理及控制功能，并对控制逻辑进行了分析与探讨。     

Generalized magnetorheological (MR) damper model and its application in semi-active control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, analytical characterization of the magneto-rheological (MR) damper is done using a new modified algebraic model. Algebraic model is also more preferable because of its low computational expenses compared to differential Bouc-Wen’s model which is highly computationally demanding. This model along with the obtained model parameters is used as a semi-active suspension device in a quarter car model and the stationary response of the vehicle traversing on a rough road is obtained. The control part consists of two nested controllers. One of them is the system controller which generates the desired damping force and the other is the damper controller which adjusts the voltage level to MR damper so as to track the desired damping force. For the system controller a model reference skyhook Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is used and for the damper controller a continuous state algorithm is built to determine the input voltage so as to gain the desired damping force. The analytical model is subsequently used in the quarter car vehicle model and the vehicular responses are studied. A simulation study is performed to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the semi-active control approach. Results show that the semi-active controller can achieve compatible performance as that of active suspension controller except for a little deterioration.     

《地铁设计规范》新旧版本对照及防火分区、安全疏散的一些问题探讨

为了在地下车站建筑设计过程中,更好地明确总平面布局、防火分区、安全疏散等消防设计问题,吸取前人经验并结合自身实践,对GB 50157—2013《地铁设计规范》与GB 50157—2003《地铁设计规范》相关章节内容进行详细对比分析研究。研究结果表明:新规范对总平面布局、公共区的防火分区及安全疏散等问题作出了明确修订,比旧规范更具实践意义和可操作性;设备管理区的防火分区及安全疏散等相关问题在实践中仍存在歧义,建议进一步补充完善。     

Investigation of safety attitude on passenger vehicle type choice: An integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) approach

Passenger Vehicle Type Choice (PVTC) has an undeniable impact on crash severity and costs. To estimate that, one must carefully consider subjective factors as well as objective ones. Ignoring the role of subjective variables can cause bias in the estimation of the effective variables' coefficients. The present paper investigates the impact of safety attitude, transportation attitude, and lifestyle on PVTC in a bi-level structure. To do so, we used the data from 633 face-to-face interviews conducted in Iran. The passenger vehicles investigated in this study are divided into five categories according to their weight and safety performance: mini, compact, medium, large, and sport utility vehicles (SUVs). In the analysis of the mentioned structure, the Integrated Choice and Latent Variables (ICLV) approach is utilized. One of the important findings of the current study the significant influence of subjective variables on PVTC. Since subjective variables have an indirect effect on the decision variable, ignoring them will lead to biased estimates. For instance, aging in consumers increases the need for larger and more comfortable vehicles and reduces the tendency for high speeds. These two effects together neutralize the effect of age on the choice of large vehicles and SUVs. The effect of age on the choice of large vehicles could not be explained by solely relying on the objective variables.     

Development of E-rickshaw driving cycle (ERDC) based on micro-trip segments using random selection and K-means clustering techniques

In India, auto rickshaws are the most convenient and cheapest mode of near-to-door transport in both rural and urban areas. Such vehicles powered with internal combustion engines (ICEs) are one of the main sources of pollutants on urban corridors. One way to minimize tail-pipe emissions is to use electric motors in place of ICE. To evaluate the vehicle performance, energy consumption, driving behavior, optimal design and management of such electric vehicles, driving cycle is an important tool. So far, only limited studies exist on the development of a driving cycle for e-rickshaw. Moreover, these studies are concentrated in urban traffic environment and research accounting rural and urban environment together remain unexplored. In this study, real world driving data for 100 trips of e-rickshaw are collected on a road stretch passing through rural and urban setting. A high-end GPS data logger was used to collect vehicle kinematics such as continuous speed profile, acceleration/deceleration, heading, and vehicle position coordinates. Nine different driving characteristics representing actual traffic conditions are identified and used for developing e-rickshaw driving cycle (ERDC). Two approaches, random selection and k-means clustering are explored to arrive at best representative ERDC using micro-trips technique. The analysis results revealed that k-means clustering outperforms the random selection method with additional benefit of accounting traffic conditions systematically. The insights from this study can be used to understand and model the performance of e-rickshaw, in terms of energy consumption and driving characteristics, compared to other fossil-fuel driven automobiles.     

CFC复频电导法与TEM瞬变电磁法在某隧道中的应用对比

CFC复频电导法与TEM瞬变电磁法是我国目前较为先进的隧道超前探水技术。以CFC与TEM在我国某铁路隧道中的应用为例,简述CFC与TEM的方法原理,并结合开挖实际情况进行对比。试验对比表明,CFC探水技术抗干扰能力更强,探水预报结果更为准确,特别是在电磁环境复杂的隧道。     

清洁生产技术在金属加工介质中的应用和发展(二)——世界汽车技术发展跟踪研究(四)

1.6 水剂切削液排放前的处理 如果切削油液使用周期很长，其中的脏物数量太多，超过了控制标准，并且存在锈蚀和刀具寿命短等问题，没有调整和再生的价值时，就必须把此切削液排放掉。 1.6.1 乳化型废液的破乳处理 如果切削液是乳化型的，破乳处理的工艺相对简单，成本较低。国内常用的乳化液破乳的方法有盐析法、酸化法和混合法。其原理是通过破坏油滴和水之间的电价平衡而破坏原来的乳液微观结构，达到油水分离的目的。有条件时也可以……     

清洁生产技术在金属加工介质中的应用和发展(三)——世界汽车技术发展跟踪研究(四)

2 淬火介质清洁生产技术概述 热处理是一种重要的金属加工工艺，是提高零件力学性能和使用寿命的重要手段。而淬火又是热处理操作中最基本工艺过程。淬火操作不仅产生废……     

博世新能源汽车混合动力技术和蓄电池的开发——2009年博世公司国际汽车媒体交流大会纪实（三）

博世公司认为混合动力车是近期和中期发展方向，目前纯电动车的锂离子蓄电池的性能、寿命、价格不能达到纯电动车的要求，所以，纯电动车不是近期发展的方向，而是今后发展方向。