绿色船舶的营运选择(英文)

Environmental issues and rising fuel prices necessitate better energy-efficiency in all sectors.The shipping industry is one of the major stakeholders,responsible for 3% of global CO2 emissions,14%-15% of global NOX emissions,and 16% of global SOX emissions.In addition,continuously rising fuel prices are also an incentive to focus on new ways for better energy-effectiveness.The green ship concept requires exploring and implementing technology on ships to increase energy-efficiency and reduce emissions.Ship operation is an important topic with large potential to increase cost-and-energy-effectiveness.This paper provided a comprehensive review of basic concepts,principles,and potential of operational options for green ships.The key challenges pertaining to ship crew i.e.academic qualifications prior to induction,in-service training and motivation were discussed.The author also deliberated on remedies to these challenges.     

FPSO关键系统风险分析(英文)

Risk analysis of key systems have become a growing topic late of because of the development of offshore structures. Equipment failures of offloading system and fire accidents were analyzed based on the floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) features. Fault tree analysis (FTA), and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) methods were examined based on information already researched on modules of relex reliability studio (RRS). Equipment failures were also analyzed qualitatively by establishing a fault tree and Boolean structure function based on the shortage of failure cases, statistical data, and risk control measures examined. Failure modes of fire accident were classified according to the different areas of fire occurrences during the FMEA process, using risk priority number (RPN) methods to evaluate their severity rank. The qualitative analysis of FTA gave the basic insight of forming the failure modes of FPSO offloading, and the fire FMEA gave the priorities and suggested processes. The research has practical importance for the security analysis problems of FPSO.     

一种新型水下管道连接器的结构设计与优化(英文)

The basic configuration of a new type of subsea pipeline connector was proposed based on the press-fitting principle,and a parametric finite element model was created using APDL language in ANSYS.Combining the finite element model and optimization technology,the dimension optimization aiming at obtaining the minimum loading force and the optimum sealing performance was designed by the zero order optimization method.Experiments of the optimized connector were carried out.The results indicate that the optimum structural design significantly improved the indicators of the minimum loading force and sealing performance of the connector.     

基于INSGA-Ⅱ的等效水深截断系统优化设计(英文)

At present,equivalent water depth truncated mooring system optimization design is regarded as the priority of hybrid model testing for deep sea platforms,and will replace the full depth system test in the future.Compared with the full depth system,the working depth and span are smaller in the truncated one,and the other characteristics maintain more consistency as well.In this paper,an inner turret moored floating production storage & offloading system(FPSO) which works at a water depth of 320m,was selected to be a research example while the truncated water depth was 80m.Furthermore,an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(INSGA-II) was selected to optimally calculate the equivalent water depth truncated system,considering the stress condition of the total mooring system in both the horizontal and vertical directions,as well as the static characteristic similarity of the representative single mooring line.The results of numerical calculations indicate that the mathematical model is feasible,and the optimization method is fast and effective.     

舰船刚性阻振质量复合托板隔振特性优化设计(英文)

In considering the theory of structural dynamic optimization design, a design method of the structural style of ship composite brace with rigid vibration isolation mass was studied. Two kinds of structural dynamic optimization formulations minimizing the vibration acceleration of the non-pressure hull on the restraining condition of the gross weight of the ship cabin were established: 1) dynamic optimization of the sectional dimensions of the rigid vibration isolation mass in the composite brace; 2) dynamic optimization of the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass. Through the optimization results, sectional dimensions and the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass with better performance in reducing vibration were gained, and some reference was provided for practical engineering designs as well as enrichment of the design method of a novel ship vibration-isolation brace.     

船用柴油机系统的完整建模（英文）

This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations. The whole engine system is divided into several functional blocks: cooling, lubrication, air, injection, combustion and emissions. The sub-models and dynamic characteristics of individual blocks are established according to engine working principles equations and experimental data collected from a marine diesel engine test bench for SIMB Company under the reference 6M26SRP1. The overall engine system dynamics is expressed as a set of simultaneous algebraic and differential equations using sub-blocks and S-Functions of Matlab/Simulink. The simulation of this model, implemented on Matlab/Simulink has been validated and can be used to obtain engine performance, pressure, temperature, efficiency, heat release, crank angle, fuel rate, emissions at different sub-blocks. The simulator will be used, in future work, to study the engine performance in faulty conditions, and can be used to assist marine engineers in fault diagnosis and estimation(FDI) as well as designers to predict the behavior of the cooling system, lubrication system, injection system, combustion, emissions, in order to optimize the dimensions of different components. This program is a platform for fault simulator, to investigate the impact on sub-blocks engine’s output of changing values for faults parameters such as: faulty fuel injector, leaky cylinder, worn fuel pump, broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, dirty air filter, dirty air cooler, air leakage, water leakage, oil leakage and contamination, fouling of heat exchanger, pumps wear, failure of injectors(and many others).     

应用GA,PSO,ACO算法进行水下自主运载器路径规划(英文)

In this paper,an underwater vehicle was modeled with six dimensional nonlinear equations of motion,controlled by DC motors in all degrees of freedom.Near-optimal trajectories in an energetic environment for underwater vehicles were computed using a numerical solution of a nonlinear optimal control problem(NOCP).An energy performance index as a cost function,which should be minimized,was defined.The resulting problem was a two-point boundary value problem(TPBVP).A genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and ant colony optimization(ACO) algorithms were applied to solve the resulting TPBVP.Applying an Euler-Lagrange equation to the NOCP,a conjugate gradient penalty method was also adopted to solve the TPBVP.The problem of energetic environments,involving some energy sources,was discussed.Some near-optimal paths were found using a GA,PSO,and ACO algorithms.Finally,the problem of collision avoidance in an energetic environment was also taken into account.     

三维测量数据的钢结构虚拟装配过程仿真系统(英文)

The virtual erection simulation system was explained for a steel structure including ship and ocean plant blocks.The simulation system predicted the erection state to optimize any gap or overlap of blocks based on 3-D measurement data.The blocks were modified(cut) on the basis of the simulation result on the ground before erecting them by crane.The re-cutting process was not required and the blocks were erected into a mother ship speedily.Therefore,the erection time is reduced,increasing the dock turnover.     

海底犁式挖沟机犁体曲面优化设计(英文)

The plow of the submarine plowing trencher is one of the main functional mechanisms, and its optimization is very important. The design parameters play a very significant role in determining the requirements of the towing force of a vessel. A multi-objective genetic algorithm based on analytical models of the plow surface has been examined and applied in efforts to obtain optimal design of the plow. For a specific soil condition, the draft force and moldboard surface area which are the key parameters in the working process of the plow are optimized by finding the corresponding optimal values of the plow blade penetration angle and two surface angles of the main cutting blade of the plow. Parameters such as the moldboard side angle of deviation, moldboard lift angle, angular variation of the tangent line, and the spanning length are also analyzed with respect to the force of the moldboard surface along soil flow direction. Results show that the optimized plow has an improved plow performance. The draft forces of the main cutting blade and the moldboard are 10.6% and 7%, respectively, less than the original design. The standard deviation of Gaussian curvature of moldboard is lowered by 64.5%, which implies that the smoothness of the optimized moldboard surface is much greater than the original.     

系泊系统非线性恢复力研究及其应用(英文)

Mooring system plays an important role in station keeping of floating offshore structures.Coupled analysis on mooring-buoy interactions has been increasingly studied in recent years.At present,chains and wire ropes are widely used in offshore engineering practice.On the basis of mooring line statics,an explicit formulation of single mooring chain/wire rope stiffness coefficients and mooring stiffness matrix of the mooring system were derived in this article,taking into account the horizontal restoring force,vertical restoring force and their coupling terms.The nonlinearity of mooring stiffness was analyzed,and the influences of various parameters,such as material,displacement,pre-tension and water depth,were investigated.Finally some application cases of the mooring stiffness in hydrodynamic calculation were presented.Data shows that this kind of stiffness can reckon in linear and nonlinear forces of mooring system.Also,the stiffness can be used in hydrodynamic analysis to get the eigenfrequency of slow drift motions.     

螺旋桨流固耦合多目标优化设计

本文提出将NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法应用于螺旋桨多目标优化设计,并通过面元法和有限元法实现螺旋桨流固弱耦合.通过计算安装在Seiun-Maru(一艘日本散货船)上的HPS大侧斜螺旋桨压力系数分布和压力脉动,考虑了流固耦合效应的计算精度要高于不考虑流固耦合效应,验证了考虑流固耦合的必要性.本文以螺旋桨效率、非定常力和重量作为目标函数,在满足水动力性能、结构响应和空泡性能等约束条件下,选取描述螺旋桨外形的6个参数作为设计变量,以此建立优化函数.在不同近似最优解和非设计点为初值的算例中,其结果均改善了所有目标函数,验证了本文方法的有效性、适用性和鲁棒性.本文提出的多目标优化方法将有助于提高设计效率,节省计算资源,可成为未来螺旋桨设计的有效工具.     

集装箱码头物流路径优化研究

根据集装箱码头的工艺流程,提出了集装箱码头物流路径优化模型。该模型以集卡行走里程最短为目标,在满足集装箱堆场堆存要求和船舶装卸作业要求的情况下,求解集卡最优行走路径。算例计算表明,该优化模型可为码头管理者提供一定决策帮助。     

基于向量评价遗传算法的工程项目多目标优化

进度、费用和质量为工程项目的3大主要控制目标，工程项目多目标优化就是要尽可能实现3大目标的和谐统一。利用多目标优化理论建立了面向工程项目的多目标优化模型，给出了利用向量评价遗传算法对工程项目多目标优化问题的求解设计思路，阐述了算法的实现流程，并通过实例验证了该模型有效解决工程项目多目标优化的可行性。     

基于Pareto遗传算法的船舶操纵性能多目标优化技术研究

针对船舶初始设计阶段船舶操纵性能优化这一复杂的多目标问题,开展相应的多目标优化方法研究。利用Pareto方法的特点,提出基于Pareto遗传算法来解决传统方法中的这个问题。经过优化可以得到均匀分布的Pareto解集,便于进行分析比较和选择,并给出计算实例。     

控制船舶轴系纵向振动的动力吸振器参数优化研究(英文)

在船舶轴系中安装动力吸振器是减小船舶轴系纵向振动的有效方法,而动力吸振器的参数合理优化配置是控制轴系纵向振动的重要手段。将船舶轴系等效为多自由度系统,基于有限单元法建立船舶轴系纵向振动运动模型,并通过加装动力吸振器用于控制船舶轴系纵向振动。运用重分析方法求解轴系运动方程得到推力轴承处的力传递率和能量传递率,将二者作为评价动力吸振器对轴系振动控制效果的指标。在研究轴系响应频率范围内,提出将求解全局最优解较强的遗传算法与多目标优化算法相结合以优化动力吸振器参数;并且研究特定共振峰消减的参数优化问题。最后通过算例,比较不同目标函数以及动力吸振器不同安装位置对轴系纵向振动控制的影响,验证文中优化算法的可行性。     

MMAS在带时间窗的车辆路线问题中的应用

针对基本蚁群优化算法在物流配送路径优化应用过程中存在的问题,主要是由信息素全局和局部更新策略而导致车辆选择路径时容易陷入局部最优解的现象,本文详细研究了蚁群算法的改进算法,即最大最小蚁群算法;并引入信息素平滑机制来提升算法的路径探索能力,实现此组合优化理论在带时间窗的车辆路径问题中的应用.     

考虑船舶轴系校中与弯曲振动的轴承优化布置

船舶在航行过程中,螺旋桨所受到的激振力通过船舶轴系传递给船体并引起尾部振动和噪声,给船舶的乘坐舒适性和安全性带来危害。本文利用传递矩阵法分别建立船舶轴系校中数学模型和弯曲振动数学模型,并使用拟定常法得到螺旋桨叶频和二倍叶频的激励力幅值比值,成比例输入到轴系系统当中,设置轴承间距和轴承标高为变量,以尾轴后轴承受力幅值最小为目标函数。在满足船舶轴系校中标准下,对轴承位置的轴向和径向进行双向优化,得到实例的最优布置方案,通过比较优化前后的尾轴后轴承受力响应幅值,可以发现优化效果明显,对船舶轴系设计与布置具有一定的指导意义。     

基于遗传算法的滩海路堤堤高优化设计研究

滩海路是为了开发丰富的滩海石油资源而修筑的联系陆地与人工岛的纽带.浅海滩涂地带受潮汐影响,水陆界伸缩很大,这就造成了滩海路建设具有费用高、风险大、工期长、维修费用高的特点.堤高是影响滩海路堤工程建设总费用的关键因素,其合理确定对于保证滩海路通行天数、降低工程建设总费用是至关重要的.基于遗传算法,结合全寿命周期成本理论,建立了滩海路堤堤高多目标优化设计模型,并对渤海海域某工程地的滩海路堤进行优化设计,同原设计比较表明:利用该方法具有优越性,可以节省工程建设资金.     

基于多目标遗传算法的潜器外形优化设计

计算流体力学软件应用于潜水器外形优化设计时,精度虽高,但效率低下。因此研究了试验设计和响应面模型技术,提出了一个潜水器外形优化设计的策略。其基本思想是:首先应用Gambit软件的日志文件建立起水动力分析模型,然后根据设计要求选取设计变量,用试验设计的方法在设计变量空间里选取样本点并进行阻力性能计算,得到各样本点的响应,并建立阻力、包络体积的二阶多项式模型响应面模型。潜水器设计时需要考虑能源与设备布置要求,因此将阻力与体积作为艇型优化的两个目标,研究了多目标遗传算法,并给出了Pareto最优解集。结果表明,文中采用近似模型的艇型优化过程,不但效率得到提高,精度也能得到保证,而且由CFD结果建立的阻力估算公式可以为后续设计带来很高的参考价值。     

减震结构中耗能支撑参数与分布的多目标优化

为了更加经济、合理、有效地达到耗能减震的效果,考虑在满足结构安全性、经济性的前提下,使用分层序列法及评价函数法,通过编制计算机程序,以6层钢筋混凝土框架结构作为算例,对减震结构中耗能支撑参数与分布进行多目标优化设计。通过计算得到一些有益结果,供抗震工程技术人员参考。