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1 智能运输系统(ITS)的产生1.1 智能车辆-道路系统(IVHS)20世纪80年代以来,各发达国家虽然已经基本建成了四通八达的现代化国家公路网,但随着社会经济的发展,路网通过能力日益满足不了交通量增长的需求,交通拥挤、阻塞现象日趋严重,交通污染与交通事故频频发生,越来越引起社会的普遍关注。经过长期和广泛的研究,这些国家已从主要依靠扩大路网规模,转移到用高新技术来改造现有公路运输系统及其管理体系,从而达到大幅度提高路网通行能力和服务质量的目的。日本、美国和西欧等发达国家竞相投入大量资金和人力,开始大规模地进… 相似文献
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80年代后期,发达国家为了解决道路交通日益拥挤,路网通行能力适应不了现代交通运输需求的问题,开始大规模地进行智能化交通运输系统的试验研究.日本、西欧、澳大利亚和美国等都竞相投入大量的资金和人力,建立了相应的组织,从事智能运输系统(ITS)的研究,并取得了一些阶段性的成果.目前,美国在试验研究与实践应用方面处于领先地位,其正在研究与开发的地面交通运输系统称"智能运输系统". 相似文献
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为了使公路交通运输对区域经济的发展形成有力的推动,通过探讨我国公路交通运输的特点以及公路交通运输与区域经济发展之间的关系,阐明其对区域经济发展的影响和重要作用,最后指出公路交通运输的发展需遵循市场经济规律、应用先进技术、打造智慧交通体系、完善公路交通运输系统。 相似文献
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<正> 目前,我国在承担旅客运输的铁路、公路、水运和民航四种交通方式中,铁路旅客运输在运输系统中的地位和作用,是我们今后发展旅客运输必须充分认识的问题。 一、我国的国情决定着铁路在旅客运输中的地位和作用 一个国家的交通运输与其国情密切相关。国情不同,交通运输业的结构就不同,各种运输方式在国民经济和运输业中所处的地位和作用也不相同。因此,必须从具体国情出发,来分析铁路旅客运输的地位与作用。 相似文献
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<正> 随着计算机、通讯及电子技术等的日益成熟并走向产业化,可以预见,在21世纪的国民生活中,多媒体将被利用于社会的各个方面,信息化将成为影响未来社会经济发展的重要因素。在这样一个大背景下,美、日、欧等发达国家为了解决共同面临的道路交通日益拥挤、路网通行能力不能满足交通量增长需要的问题,相继推出了适应未来运输需求的智能运输系统ITS发展规划。目前,各发达国家都以国际市场 相似文献
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从我国国情出发,道路客运与旅游包车属于"道路运输"范畴,而公交与出租则位于"城市公交"之列."道路运输"属于"交通运输业",体制上归属于交通系统管理,而"城市公交"则又属于"社会服务业",归建设系统管理……如此叠加性质的区分说明,估计足以让许多外行人士云里雾里.所以,时至今日,仍然有许多人在发问:城乡客运到底属于哪个行业? 相似文献
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无论是城市公共客运、城市出租客运、旅游客运,它都具备了道路旅客运输的基本特点、基本属性,人为地将这一市场割裂,说明现行政策离"群众满意"这个根本出发点还有一定的距离. 相似文献
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Foreign consultants still provide much of the analytical expertise for transport planning studies conducted in the Gulf States and other rapidly developing countries. Most of the systems analysis techniques used are adaptations of those developed for western urban areas. The populations of the Gulf States are unique in that they contain very large populations of foreign workers who have very different social and economic characteristics from the national populations. This paper describes these differences and shows how they have influenced the spatial evolution of the Kuwait metropolitan area and the associated transport demands. The paper also describes the analytical tools that are most appropriate for capturing the transport behaviour of residents of the Kuwait metropolitan area. 相似文献
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客运站社会化的"走调" 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1月29日,年关将至,本刊记者在走访了"中华第一站"以后,乘坐一趟三点半从济南发往北京的客运班车,车出站后,连同两位记者在内,整辆客车上只有三名乘客,客车一路在高速公路上奔驰,直到进入北京,车上依旧是三名乘客. 相似文献
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In this paper we focus on ways to provide individualized services to people with mobility challenges using existing modes of public transport. We study the design of an interesting case, in which a bus operating in a public transport route may diverge from its nominal path to pick-up passengers with limited mobility and drop them off at their destination. We have modeled the design problem by a mixed integer-linear program, and we developed an exact Branch and Price approach to solve it to optimality. The proposed approach includes a labeling algorithm in which we introduced appropriate dominance rules, which do not compromise optimality. We have compared the efficiency of our approach with that of related algorithms from the literature. Furthermore, we have used the proposed approach to study key aspects of the system design problem, such as the effect of various constraints on the service level, and the tuning of the system’s parameters to address different transport environments. 相似文献
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Pierre Merlin 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(1):39-52
A decade of increasing Federal attention to urban transportation needs has culminated in the 1970 Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act. This Act is intended to provide 10 thousand million dollars over the next 12 years in Federal assistance money to urban public transportation systems. This paper examines the needs of selected U.S. cities as a basis for (1) understanding the vast, various and complex transportation needs of urban areas throughout the country, and (2) assessing the sufficiency of these funds. The sample cities have been placed into three broad categories based on the state of development of their transportation systems. In Category I cities, the essential need is to ensure the survival of bus systems for the use of non‐drivers, or to provide some other viable alternative to the automobile; in Category II cities, the primary needs are to relieve auto congestion and to improve public transportation components, while in Category III cities, the primary need is massive investment to improve and to extend public transportation facilities. It is concluded that the presently intended Federal funding level for transportation will not meet the financial requirements of the Category III cities. 相似文献
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G. Čelechovský 《Transportation》1972,1(2):151-176
Etarea is a planned satellite town for Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia, located some 10 km from the outskirts of the capital. Its projected population of 135,000 will live in 13 residential areas, each of which will have its own retail centre in addition to the main retail centre.The plans for Etarea incorporate a unique approach to the related problems of the storage and distribution of goods within urban areas. All incoming goods will be delivered by road or rail, and possibly in the future by water, to a central storage complex. Goods for the retail trade are distributed from this central store by automated trains pulled by battery-powered trucks, each train having a capacity of 8.75 tons. The trains, which run in a network of underground tunnels, 2 \sX 2.5 meters in cross section, are guided by an optical sensing system. The underground network comprises 3 main routes with branches serving the individual centres. Secondary storage facilities are planned for each of the 14 retail centres where unit loads received from the main storage centre are subdivided for retail sale.One of the proposed methods of retail distribution provides for the fully automated delivery of goods from the retail centres direct to the consumer's household. This is accomplished by means of a pneumatic tube system similar to that used for handling cash in some large stores. Orders will be placed by dialling the code number assigned to the required item, given in a catalogue of available goods. Provided that the customer's account is in credit the order will be accepted and the goods automatically dispatched from the local centre; delivery is estimated to take between 2.5 and 11.5 minutes depending on the distance of the customer's house from the centre. The same system is utilised for the delivery of regular orders for such items as newspapers and magazines as well as for mail and for the the removal of household refuse. In addition to the automated system each retail centre will also have over-the-counter, self-service and slot machine facilities for the sale of goods.All proposals for goods storage and distribution planned for Etarea are based on existing technologies. 相似文献
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Michel Croc 《先进运输杂志》1988,21(3):255-262
To be fully effective, metro lines must be connected with other modes of transport. This principle has been applied in the city of Marseilles, France. First, a very good interchange between the two metro lines and the national and suburban railway has been developed in the Saint-Charles main railway station. This interchange connects with the adjacent intercity bus terminal. Second, at every metro station, access facilities and neighborhood development were planned. Third, bus stations and car parks were installed at main rail stations. All this was made possible by early coordinated planning. 相似文献