道路运输

公路网图像平台互联技术规范实施日前,交通运输部科技司主办、全国智能运输系统标准化技术委员会承办的交通信息采集系列标准宣贯培训班上证实,《公路网图像信息管理系统平台互联技术规范》于7月1日起正式实施。随着我国城市化进程的进一步加快和公路网建设的快速发展,利用先进的交通信息采集技术采集实时交通流信息、路网图像信息等并进行快速信息发布显得十分迫切与必要,因此不同终端和系统图像信息之间的互联互通成为当下迫切需要解决的问题。     

智能运输系统的产生与发展

1 智能运输系统（ITS）的产生1.1 智能车辆－道路系统（IVHS）20世纪80年代以来，各发达国家虽然已经基本建成了四通八达的现代化国家公路网，但随着社会经济的发展，路网通过能力日益满足不了交通量增长的需求，交通拥挤、阻塞现象日趋严重，交通污染与交通事故频频发生，越来越引起社会的普遍关注。经过长期和广泛的研究，这些国家已从主要依靠扩大路网规模，转移到用高新技术来改造现有公路运输系统及其管理体系，从而达到大幅度提高路网通行能力和服务质量的目的。日本、美国和西欧等发达国家竞相投入大量资金和人力，开始大规模地进…     

建立智能运输系统(ITS)是中国交通运输发展的必然趋势

80年代后期,发达国家为了解决道路交通日益拥挤,路网通行能力适应不了现代交通运输需求的问题,开始大规模地进行智能化交通运输系统的试验研究.日本、西欧、澳大利亚和美国等都竞相投入大量的资金和人力,建立了相应的组织,从事智能运输系统(ITS)的研究,并取得了一些阶段性的成果.目前,美国在试验研究与实践应用方面处于领先地位,其正在研究与开发的地面交通运输系统称"智能运输系统".     

智能交通系统的“智囊团”

<正>智能运输系统研究与应用团队长期从事智能交通系统的应用基础、前瞻性技术和公益性技术研究和产业化工作,是我国智能交通战略思想的主要源泉之一,是我国智能交通技术研究应用的先行者和重要推动力量。依托交通运输部公路科学研究院,充分利用国家智能交通系统工程技术研究中心、全国智能运输系统标准化技术委员     

城市交通路网对公共体育场馆的影响及对策

分析了城市交通路网对公共体育场馆的影响,并提出基于城市交通路网的公共体育场馆空间规划策略和交通管理建议。通过研究认为,公共体育场馆的规划布局要以城市交通路网为导向,做好公共体育场馆的空间规划,充分发挥城市内外部交通路网的空间导向作用,基于城市公交系统来选址和布置公共体育场馆,以减少对交通路网的不利影响来进行科学的交通组织规划,并统筹考虑体育场馆赛事期和非赛事期的路网交通流量。     

21世纪的公路智能运输系统

<正> 随着计算机、通讯及电子技术等的日益成熟并走向产业化,可以预见,在21世纪的国民生活中,多媒体将被利用于社会的各个方面,信息化将成为影响未来社会经济发展的重要因素。在这样一个大背景下,美、日、欧等发达国家为了解决共同面临的道路交通日益拥挤、路网通行能力不能满足交通量增长需要的问题,相继推出了适应未来运输需求的智能运输系统ITS发展规划。目前,各发达国家都以国际市场     

发挥铁路在旅客运输中的骨干作用

<正> 目前,我国在承担旅客运输的铁路、公路、水运和民航四种交通方式中,铁路旅客运输在运输系统中的地位和作用,是我们今后发展旅客运输必须充分认识的问题。 一、我国的国情决定着铁路在旅客运输中的地位和作用 一个国家的交通运输与其国情密切相关。国情不同,交通运输业的结构就不同,各种运输方式在国民经济和运输业中所处的地位和作用也不相同。因此,必须从具体国情出发,来分析铁路旅客运输的地位与作用。     

我国大城市发展智能运输系统的问题与对策

智能运输系统(ITS)近多年来在国外许多大城市得到了成功的开发和应用,被公认为解决城市交通问题的有效方法之一.智能运输系统的涵义是把先进的通信技术、计算机技术、自动控制技术(合称为3C技术)、传感器技术和系统工程技术等集成运用于交通管理之中,达到提高交通运输系统的效率、减少交通事故、降低环境污染的目的,从而建立起一个智能化的、安全、便捷、高效、舒适、环保的综合运输系统体系.     

城市中心区大街区与小街区交通效率比较分析

城市道路路网是城市交通的基础,合理的城市路网需要合理的城市路网密度。在控制道路面积率和交通需求不变的基础上,本文提出了一种对城市中心区大街区和小街区下不同路网密度的交通效率进行比较的定量分析法。通过利用Synchro分别对大街区和小街区情形下路网进行仿真,对路网交叉口的延误、交叉口停车、路网容量以及路段速度四个主要效率指标进行定量对比分析。以上海临港新城道路网和流量为基础,进行仿真和对比分析,分析结果表明小街区路网较大街区路网有较高交通效率。     

基于指数模型的城市路网交通拥堵评判方法研究

城市路网交通拥堵评判方法研究一直是拥堵评判技术领域内的重点、难点问题之一。交通拥堵指数模型能够把复杂的城市路网交通运行状况进行简单化、透明化,并能应用到其他城市或区域路网评判体系研究中。文章提出了基于交通拥堵指数模型的一般性交通拥堵评判方法,介绍了该模型各评判指标的计算过程。并以兰州市七里河区和城关区的路网交通为例,对该模型的实用性进行验证,最终得出两城区整体交通拥堵规律及指数变化趋势,说明了该评判方法的可行性和有效性。     

"城乡客运",在"客运"与"公交"之间游走?

从我国国情出发,道路客运与旅游包车属于"道路运输"范畴,而公交与出租则位于"城市公交"之列."道路运输"属于"交通运输业",体制上归属于交通系统管理,而"城市公交"则又属于"社会服务业",归建设系统管理……如此叠加性质的区分说明,估计足以让许多外行人士云里雾里.所以,时至今日,仍然有许多人在发问:城乡客运到底属于哪个行业?     

城乡客运要迈过割裂门槛

无论是城市公共客运、城市出租客运、旅游客运,它都具备了道路旅客运输的基本特点、基本属性,人为地将这一市场割裂,说明现行政策离"群众满意"这个根本出发点还有一定的距离.     

Spatial differentiation,transport demands and transport model design in Kuwait

Foreign consultants still provide much of the analytical expertise for transport planning studies conducted in the Gulf States and other rapidly developing countries. Most of the systems analysis techniques used are adaptations of those developed for western urban areas. The populations of the Gulf States are unique in that they contain very large populations of foreign workers who have very different social and economic characteristics from the national populations. This paper describes these differences and shows how they have influenced the spatial evolution of the Kuwait metropolitan area and the associated transport demands. The paper also describes the analytical tools that are most appropriate for capturing the transport behaviour of residents of the Kuwait metropolitan area.     

客运站社会化的"走调"

1月29日,年关将至,本刊记者在走访了"中华第一站"以后,乘坐一趟三点半从济南发往北京的客运班车,车出站后,连同两位记者在内,整辆客车上只有三名乘客,客车一路在高速公路上奔驰,直到进入北京,车上依旧是三名乘客.     

Scheduled paratransit transport systems

In this paper we focus on ways to provide individualized services to people with mobility challenges using existing modes of public transport. We study the design of an interesting case, in which a bus operating in a public transport route may diverge from its nominal path to pick-up passengers with limited mobility and drop them off at their destination. We have modeled the design problem by a mixed integer-linear program, and we developed an exact Branch and Price approach to solve it to optimality. The proposed approach includes a labeling algorithm in which we introduced appropriate dominance rules, which do not compromise optimality. We have compared the efficiency of our approach with that of related algorithms from the literature. Furthermore, we have used the proposed approach to study key aspects of the system design problem, such as the effect of various constraints on the service level, and the tuning of the system’s parameters to address different transport environments.     

Energy savings in transport

A decade of increasing Federal attention to urban transportation needs has culminated in the 1970 Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act. This Act is intended to provide 10 thousand million dollars over the next 12 years in Federal assistance money to urban public transportation systems. This paper examines the needs of selected U.S. cities as a basis for (1) understanding the vast, various and complex transportation needs of urban areas throughout the country, and (2) assessing the sufficiency of these funds. The sample cities have been placed into three broad categories based on the state of development of their transportation systems. In Category I cities, the essential need is to ensure the survival of bus systems for the use of non‐drivers, or to provide some other viable alternative to the automobile; in Category II cities, the primary needs are to relieve auto congestion and to improve public transportation components, while in Category III cities, the primary need is massive investment to improve and to extend public transportation facilities. It is concluded that the presently intended Federal funding level for transportation will not meet the financial requirements of the Category III cities.     

Goods transport in Etarea

Etarea is a planned satellite town for Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia, located some 10 km from the outskirts of the capital. Its projected population of 135,000 will live in 13 residential areas, each of which will have its own retail centre in addition to the main retail centre.The plans for Etarea incorporate a unique approach to the related problems of the storage and distribution of goods within urban areas. All incoming goods will be delivered by road or rail, and possibly in the future by water, to a central storage complex. Goods for the retail trade are distributed from this central store by automated trains pulled by battery-powered trucks, each train having a capacity of 8.75 tons. The trains, which run in a network of underground tunnels, 2 \sX 2.5 meters in cross section, are guided by an optical sensing system. The underground network comprises 3 main routes with branches serving the individual centres. Secondary storage facilities are planned for each of the 14 retail centres where unit loads received from the main storage centre are subdivided for retail sale.One of the proposed methods of retail distribution provides for the fully automated delivery of goods from the retail centres direct to the consumer's household. This is accomplished by means of a pneumatic tube system similar to that used for handling cash in some large stores. Orders will be placed by dialling the code number assigned to the required item, given in a catalogue of available goods. Provided that the customer's account is in credit the order will be accepted and the goods automatically dispatched from the local centre; delivery is estimated to take between 2.5 and 11.5 minutes depending on the distance of the customer's house from the centre. The same system is utilised for the delivery of regular orders for such items as newspapers and magazines as well as for mail and for the the removal of household refuse. In addition to the automated system each retail centre will also have over-the-counter, self-service and slot machine facilities for the sale of goods.All proposals for goods storage and distribution planned for Etarea are based on existing technologies.     

Marseilles integrated transport system

To be fully effective, metro lines must be connected with other modes of transport. This principle has been applied in the city of Marseilles, France. First, a very good interchange between the two metro lines and the national and suburban railway has been developed in the Saint-Charles main railway station. This interchange connects with the adjacent intercity bus terminal. Second, at every metro station, access facilities and neighborhood development were planned. Third, bus stations and car parks were installed at main rail stations. All this was made possible by early coordinated planning.