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城市交通是包括市区和郊区地面、地下、高架、水道、索道等道路系统间的公共出行和客货输送.城市交通的特征因各城市的规模、性质、结构、地理位置和政治经济地位的差异而有所不同.但是,它们具有的主要特点则是相同的:城市交通的重点是客运,客运的高峰在早晚上下班时间;每个城市的客流形成都有自身的规律;城市交通能力的大小与各城市的总体规划和布局有直接关系. 相似文献
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当今年前五站的比赛结束后,杜卡迪车手斯通纳以领先雅马哈车手罗西21分的优势来到了本年度的第六站--意大利,而重回故里的罗西在得地利之便的同时,夺得第六站冠军的心里也更加迫切.尽管斯通纳是澳大利亚人,但他所代表的杜卡迪车队在意大利拥有的也是一大批"粉丝",况且意大利站的穆杰罗赛道有一条长约1141米的大直道,这无形中使斯通纳所驾驶的杜卡迪GP7战车充满了竞争力. 相似文献
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我国商用车市场经历了全面复苏的2006年和爆发增长的2007年上半年,持续扩大的市场需求激发了产品品质的整体提升.但是销量的增长并不代表售后服务水平提高,我国商用车售后服务的缺陷已经严重影响到我国商用车市场的发展. 相似文献
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上世纪三、四十年代惟一与劳斯来斯相抗衡的超豪华品牌,沉寂60年后复出 与梅赛德斯-奔驰一脉相承的德意志血统,意味着德国超级豪华轿车品牌的复兴 迈巴赫品牌首创于上世纪20年代.被誉为"设计之王"的威廉·迈巴赫不但是戴姆勒-奔驰公司(梅赛德斯-奔驰公司前身)的三位主要创始人之一,更是世界首辆梅赛德斯-奔驰汽车的发明者之一.离开戴姆勒-奔驰公司后不久,威廉·迈巴赫在其子卡尔·迈巴赫的帮助下创建了迈巴赫汽车公司.基于高超的设计和出众的性能,迈巴赫品牌在20世纪30~40年代间迅速风靡欧洲及北美洲,并被公众视为财富、地位及品味的象征,是当时惟一能与劳斯来斯抗衡的超级豪华轿车品牌. 相似文献
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介绍一种新型的阳极牵引车,该车是合金冶炼厂矿专用的阳极搬运车的主机,其转弯半径小,机动性好,适合于狭窄弯曲车间的进出,给用户带来更大的经济效益.设计得到了实用验证. 相似文献
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如日中天的Piaggio 从古罗马的辉煌艺术到文艺复兴时期的引领潮流,有着美的传统的意大利,也是踏板车的故乡.享誉世界的经典名车--意大利比亚乔(Piaggio)、畏司帕(Vespa)被视为这个国家激情与梦想的象征,如其久负盛名的斜塔一般,给人以悠悠的遐思和不泯的情怀. 相似文献
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国Ⅲ排放标准的全面实施对2008年整个商用车行业的影响是不言而喻的,而与排放直接相关的国Ⅲ发动机也自然成为行业的热点.专家预言,国Ⅲ标准的实施,有可能带来整个发动机行业的重新洗牌. 相似文献
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30年前的宝马 M1由乔治亚罗主持的意大利设计公司完成,名噪一时,它的出现模糊了公路跑车与赛车之间的界限;30年后,为纪念 M1的上市,宝马奇才设计师克里斯·班勒带领它的团队力争将经典重新演绎。 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(4):573-596
An existing driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics is improved in the areas of cognitive delay, intrinsic muscle dynamics and alpha–gamma co-activation. The model is used to investigate the influence of steering torque feedback and neuromuscular dynamics on the vehicle response to lateral force disturbances. When steering torque feedback is present, it is found that the longitudinal position of the lateral disturbance has a significant influence on whether the driver’s reflex response reinforces or attenuates the effect of the disturbance. The response to angle and torque overlay inputs to the steering system is also investigated. The presence of the steering torque feedback reduced the disturbing effect of torque overlay and angle overlay inputs. Reflex action reduced the disturbing effect of a torque overlay input, but increased the disturbing effect of an angle overlay input. Experiments on a driving simulator showed that measured handwheel angle response to an angle overlay input was consistent with the response predicted by the model with reflex action. However, there was significant intra- and inter-subject variability. The results highlight the significance of a driver’s neuromuscular dynamics in determining the vehicle response to disturbances. 相似文献
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预应力曲线箱梁和异形箱梁的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
近年来 ,国内外学者对曲线箱梁和异形箱梁的静力分析理论和计算方法作过大量的研究 ,但这些理论和方法在某种程度上都存在着一定的局限性 ,特别是在实际设计工作中 ,运用起来不能得心应手。为此本文在综合前人已取得经验下 ,针对桥梁结构设计中分析曲线箱梁、异形箱梁 ,经常遇到的难题进行了研究 ,建立一个较为完善的理论和方法 ,编制了等参元空间分析程序。在实际工程中进行实桥试验 ,验证了本文理论和方法的正确性。本文的研究工作更准确描述了箱梁的荷载响应 ,为设计人员提供直观的设计依据。对曲线箱梁和异形箱梁受力特性有了更一步的理解 ,并提出了新的见解 相似文献
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If a vehicle that meets emission regulations operates sufficiently for a long time under low speed and low load conditions,
soot contained in the exhaust gas is accumulated on the inner surface of the exhaust system. This soot deposition problem
occurs frequently in all diesel cars. However, when a vehicle is placed under the conditions of sudden start and sudden acceleration
after city mode driving for a long time, the deposited soot is abruptly blown up with the soot produced during fuel combustion.
In the present study, the main cause of the abrupt outburst of deposited soot is investigated to overcome this adverse phenomenon.
First, we developed a method to quantify the amount of the exhausted soot particles (or the accumulated soot particles) by
measuring the opacity that represents the contamination level of the exhaust gas due to soot particles. Using this measuring
scheme for deposited soot, we found the critical conditions for engine speeds and load conditions at which soot particles
are emitted into the air without accumulation in the exhaust system using main muffler composed of three chambers. In order
to meet these critical conditions and thus to drastically reduce soot accumulation, the exhaust system using the main muffler
applied in this study must be designed to ensure that the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is higher than 62 m/s when the
back pressure at the exit of the turbocharger is under 0.08 bars. 相似文献
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该文从研究超薄磨耗层的级配的选择入手,简单分析了超薄磨耗层的结构特点和强度形成机理,给出了几种国内外常用的超薄磨耗层级配范围,并提出了将SAC-10做为其研究的设计级配。在研究超薄磨耗层沥青混合料配合比设计的基础上,通过对SAC-10沥青混合料的马歇尔试验,确定了该沥青混合料的矿料级配和最佳沥青含量。最后采用车辙试验、浸水马歇尔和冻融劈裂试验及小梁弯曲试验等一系列试验,检测超薄磨耗层沥青混合料的各项路用性能,为在实际工程中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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农村公路在建设中和投入使用后,要承受车辆荷载、自然因素的影响。为了充分保证使用性能,必须在建设中和建成后确保其自身的质量,以更好地服务于广大群众。该文对农村公路建养的管理措施及有关注意事项进行了阐述,可供专业人员参考。 相似文献
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The sub-chamber type gasoline engine was suggested to be a type of clean engine, but the presence of residual gas in the sub-chamber
was a serious fault. In this experimental study, the CNG direct injection method was applied to scavenge residual gas from
the sub-chamber. The CVC (constant volume chamber) is divided into the sub-chamber and main-chamber and used as the main experimental
apparatus. Because each combustion chamber of the CVC has an injector, the injector can be used freely, at the same time or
individually. Therefore, the scavenging efficiency can be improved by changing injection times for the sub-chamber. The experimental
results demonstrated that when all the fuel was injected into the sub-chamber, the combustion duration was shortened by 30%
compared to that of injection into the main-chamber. Although residual gas was observed in the CVC, when the frequency of
injections into the sub-chamber increased, good combustion characteristics were obtained. 相似文献