焊趾处椭圆表面裂纹的权函数与残余应力强度因子的权函数法

利用三维有限元计算了焊趾处半椭圆表面裂纹的应力强度因子。利用统一的权函数形式,结合得到裂纹半长比a/c=0.2;0.4;0.6;0.8,a/t=0.1~0.8的有限元数据,得到了适用于T型接头焊趾处半椭圆表面裂纹最深点和表面点的权函数。权函数的准确性,用有限元在裂纹面施加高阶载荷进行了验证,对于表面点和最深点,半长比a/c=0.2~0.8,a/t=0.1~0.8,权函数与有限元结果误差在8%以下。基于得到的权函数,计算了T型接头焊趾处半椭圆表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子Kres,并与有限元计算结果进行对比,对比误差在10%以下,表明新的权函数能很好地预测T型接头焊趾处的残余应力强度因子。     

基于奇异强度理论的疲劳特性评估方法

疲劳是海洋结构物破坏的重要因素,为简化舰船结构疲劳评估方法,基于线弹性断裂力学和切口应力强度理论,针对典型薄板结构研究拐角节点处的应力强度,分析结构形式,利用ANSYS有限元模拟和MathCAD函数拟合,分别给出计算应力强度因子的＂奇异权函数法＂和＂奇异等效裂纹法＂的研究方法,同时给出简便算法和经验公式。进而应用Paris裂纹扩展法则进行结构奇异强度疲劳特性评估,并结合S-N曲线分析拐角节点处的应力集中,得到与结构尺寸相关的＂奇异应力集中系数＂函数。最后,针对切口应力,提出有限元分析所需要的＂奇异应力等效取值点＂的参考位置。希望能将奇异强度理论纳入船舶结构疲劳强度校核规范中做参考。     

船舶折角型节点的疲劳裂纹扩展计算

文章以船舶折角型节点为研究对象,运用有限元软件WALCS和PATRAN分别预报某船的水动力响应和结构热点应力响应.为避免计算表面裂纹应力强度因子时需要在PATRAN有限元模型中疲劳热点区域采用体单元建模,文中提出了一种计算波浪载荷下船海结构物三维表面裂纹应力强度因子而无需在PATRAN中建立体模型的方法,并通过与广泛认可的经验公式对比验证其精度.将此方法应用于该船船舯底边舱折角处表面裂纹应力强度因子计算,计算并总结出波浪载荷下该类节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子的无量纲计算经验公式.应用一种基于谱分析构建结构疲劳载荷谱的方法,结合单一曲线模型对该节点进行裂纹扩展计算.计算结果表明:该船船舯底边舱折角疲劳寿命不满足设计要求,建议对节点进行改进.     

表面裂纹Ⅰ型应力强度因子间的互相作用及影响规律

基于有限元软件France-3D对含有多个裂纹的平板进行应力强度因子计算．通过定义基础裂纹、干扰裂纹以及干扰参数r,α,β和2b等,给出了随干扰参数r,α,β改变,干扰裂纹对基础裂纹应力强度因子影响的λ-4,λ-α理曲线,并分析其规律,其结果可为工程应用参考．     

基于最大裂纹张口位移计算应力强度因子的方法研究

文章提出了基于最大裂纹张口位移计算I型应力强度因子的新方法,该方法适用于复合载荷(均匀拉伸和纯弯曲载荷组合)作用下的具有半椭圆表面裂纹的有限平板模型。首先,理论推导了具有埋藏裂纹的无限大平板受均匀拉伸载荷作用时应力强度因子与裂纹最大张口位移的对应关系,再应用有限元数值模拟技术,考虑了表面效应、模型尺寸效应及载荷形式的影响,然后基于有限元模拟结果,根据多元多次最小二乘法原理拟合出对应修正系数表达式,最终建立了复合载荷作用下有限平板裂纹尖端应力强度因子与最大张口位移的函数关系,实现了由容易获得的最大裂纹张口位移确定应力强度因子的方法。该方法避免了对裂纹尖端的应力场、位移场的分析,为实际应用中应力强度因子的获得提供了新的方法。     

海洋平台中KK管节点表面裂纹应力强度因子的有限元计算方法

海洋平台中的KK管节点由于长期承受循环载荷而容易在焊缝处产生疲劳表面裂纹.对包含表面裂纹的KK节点的残余寿命的评估依赖于对表面裂纹应力强度因子的准确估算.本文首先提出了KK节点中表面裂纹的有限元网格产生方法,然后采用线弹性断裂力学理论,通过裂纹前缘的位移外推插值法分析了KK节点在轴向力作用下沿着表面裂纹的应力强度因子的分布情况.最后,通过对22个KK节点的模型分析,研究了节点的几何参数和裂纹形状参数对应力强度因子的影响情况.     

带径向边裂纹圆盘的权函数和旋转应力强度因子

采用裂纹在均布压力作用下的应力强度因子为参考载荷,通过Petroski和Achenbach的裂纹面张开位移公式推导出了内壁带径向边裂纹的圆盘的权函数,进而得到了计算旋转圆盘裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子公式.该公式可计算旋转圆盘在不同裂纹深度、转速、材料和尺寸情况下的应力强度因子.与有关文献比较,表明本文的公式具有良好的精度.同时文中还研究了旋转圆盘应力强度因子随裂纹深度和圆盘直径之间的变化规律,方便了工程应用.     

A study on crack front shape and the correlation between the stress intensity factors of a pipe subject to bending and a plate subject to tension

The use of a pipe subject to bending moment with an equivalent plate subject to tension has been tried by a few researchers to avoid the complexity usually involved with experimental crack growth investigations of pipes with initial surface flaws. This approach also minimizes the use of more sophisticated monitoring instruments, thereby offering significant cost savings. This equivalency has been done for both experimental and finite element investigations. This paper studies the validity of this approach and evaluates the ranges of the crack depth ratio and elliptical crack diameter ratio for which this approach would be admissible. A series of finite element analysis was carried out to both verify the values of the stress intensity factors reported in the literature, and verify the results of the interpolation function used in the computational simulation in this research. Based on the computational simulations and demonstrating that the crack front follows a semi-circular shape during its growth, a dimensionless relationship between the stress intensity factor of a pipe under bending moment and that of a plate under pure tension has been introduced. A series of experimental investigation was performed to verify the validity of the proposed computational simulation. The results show the rationality and admissibility of this approach when considering the fatigue crack growth of pipes under bending.     

含中心裂纹有限加筋板应力强度因子的计算精度评估

文章首先对含中心裂纹有限加筋板应力强度因子的计算结果进行了对比分析,然后通过对结点位移的解析解和有限单元法中的计算表达式的分析,提出一个用于评估应力强度因子计算精度的参数,并通过算例和文献结论分析说明该参数是一个计算简便的、有工程实际意义的参数.可以用于加筋板应力强度因子的计算精度评估.     

冲击载荷下含表面裂纹潜艇典型结构的动态断裂研究

文章基于大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了带有初始表面裂纹的潜艇典型结构在不同下潜深度、不同爆心到船壳距离R和不同作用方位冲击载荷作用下的动态应力强度因子及其最大值与冲击因子的变化规律,然后以921A钢为例对多种工况下结构是否发生失稳断裂作出初步判断。     

偏心裂纹缺陷板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度分析

疲劳裂纹对船舶结构强度具有不可忽视的削弱作用,在过去的研究中,主要从断裂力学的角度对疲劳裂纹应力场进行分析,而对于静态裂纹板的极限强度的探讨相对较少.本文在有限元计算的基础上对具有偏心裂纹缺陷的矩形板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度进行了分析.对于偏心裂纹应力强度因子,在计算方法上有效地简化了文献[5]中提出的大单元有限元计算模型,并且用于分析裂纹偏心度对于应力强度因子的影响.对于偏心裂纹延性板,采用弹塑性有限元进行了大量的组合计算,分析了相对裂纹长度、材料屈强比和裂纹偏心度对板的拉伸极限强度的影响,并给出了方便计算的回归公式.该回归公式包含了多个参数对板的极限拉伸强度的影响,与实验结果吻合较好.     

基于能量释放率理论的三维应力强度因子显式闭合解

基于能量差率基本原理,以非穿透裂纹深度的相对值作为控制裂纹虚比例扩展的无量纲几何参量,构造求解裂纹张开位移幅值的伯努利微分方程,导出以裂纹绝对尺寸和相对尺寸为参数的裂纹张开位移幅值表达式,得到有限大体非穿透裂纹三维应力强度因子闭合解.并给出无量纲应力强度因子与各种相对尺寸参数关系的显式表达式,计算结果与Newman的有限元分析结果基本-致.该方法在工程结构损伤容限与耐久性设计应用中更加便捷、高效.     

不同位置裂纹间的互相作用及其影响规律的有限元分析

基于有限元软件France-2D,利用J积分对含有多个裂纹的板进行应力强度因子计算。通过定义基础裂纹、干扰裂纹以及干扰参数,给出了随干扰参数改变,干扰裂纹对基础裂纹应力强度因子的影响曲线,并分析了它们的规律,其结果可为工程应用参考。     

A reliability approach to fatigue crack propagation analysis of ship structures in polar regions

Fatigue is a common failure mode in ship structures. For structures with an initial crack, the fatigue crack propagation behavior needs to be considered. The purpose of this study is to establish a procedure for analysis of fatigue crack propagation of ship structures in combination with reliability methods. The stress intensity factor (SIF) and geometry correction factor are calculated by means of finite element analysis. Validation for the SIF calculation is achieved by comparing the computed results with those based on related solutions. Since fatigue damage usually occurs in weld areas, the effect of such components on the fatigue crack propagation behavior was also considered in this work. The Paris law in combination with the Monte Carlo technique are employed for the fatigue crack propagation analysis in this study. Reliability updating based on inspection for cracks is also carried out. A computer program was developed for the purpose of fatigue crack propagation analysis within the framework of reliability methods. An application example of fatigue crack propagation in relation to the hull of the icebreaker Xuelong 2 is presented. The sensitivity of the procedure to key analysis parameters (sample size, initial crack size) is also considered. Finally, the effect of low temperatures on the computed results is also analyzed.     

双材料中矩形裂纹问题的超奇异积分方程方法

使用超奇异积分方程方法,对双材料空间中垂直于界面的矩形裂纹Ⅰ型问题进行了研究.首先根据双材料空间的弹性力学基本解,使用边界积分方程方法,在有限部积分的意义下导出了以裂纹面位移间断为未知函数的超奇异积分方程.根据裂纹面上位移函数的分布特性,通过将位移间断函数表示为特征函数和一组多项式乘积的形式,为其建立了数值方法.数值结果表明,该方法不仅具有较好的收敛性和较高的数值计算精度,而且能够精确满足裂纹面上的边界条件.在此基础上,对不同材料组合界面对裂纹前沿应力强度因子的影响进行了分析,取得了较好的数值结果.     

Numerical study on fatigue crack growth at a web-stiffener of ship structural details by an objected-oriented approach in conjunction with ABAQUS

It is necessary to manage the fatigue crack growth (FCG) once those cracks are detected during in-service inspections. This is particular critical as high strength steels are being used increasingly in ship and offshore structures. In this paper, a simulation program (FCG-System) is developed utilizing the commercial software ABAQUS with its object-oriented programming interface to simulate the fatigue crack path and to compute the corresponding fatigue life. In order to apply FCG-System in large-scale marine structures, the substructure modeling technique is integrated in the system under the consideration of structural details and load shedding during crack growth. Based on the nodal forces and nodal displacements obtained from finite element analysis, a formula for shell elements to compute stress intensity factors is proposed in the view of virtual crack closure technique. Neither special singular elements nor the collapsed element technique is used at the crack tip. The established FCG-System cannot only treat problems with a single crack, but also handle problems with multiple cracks in case of simultaneous but uneven growth. The accuracy and the robustness of FCG-System are demonstrated by two illustrative examples. No stability and convergence difficulties have been encountered in these cases and meanwhile, insensitivity to the mesh size is confirmed. Therefore, the FCG-System developed by authors could be an efficient tool to perform fatigue crack growth analysis on marine structures.     

试样厚度对船用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响的试验

为研究试样厚度对船用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,设计并实施两组不同厚度的紧凑拉伸试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,同时建立了三维疲劳裂纹扩展有限元模型,分别基于线弹性理论和弹塑性理论对应力强度因子进行了计算,并分析了试样厚度对裂纹扩展速率的影响。试验与计算结果的综合分析表明：相同应力水平下,薄试样裂纹尖端的塑性区明显大于厚试样,且裂纹尖端应力强度因子值大于理论经验计算结果可达23.25%,因此,在材料裂纹扩展速率试验前,特别是试样厚度尺寸较小时,应充分考虑试样的厚度效应,参考基于弹塑性理论计算得到的应力强度因子结果,同时有必要针对当前试样及材料进行专门的裂纹扩展速率试验,以得到准确裂纹扩展参数结果。     

有效应力强度因子幅值计算模型的验证

裂纹闭合效应在金属疲劳中有着十分重要的作用,裂纹闭合概念已经用于解释变幅载荷作用下的裂纹扩展问题,已提出了许多基于裂纹闭合概念的有效应力强度因子计算模型.黄等人在Newman模型的基础上,提出了考虑因素更全面且便于应用的有效应力强度因子幅计算模型以及变幅载荷下工程结构疲劳寿命预测模型.为了验证该模型对不同材料的有效性和适应性,收集了一些相关的试验数据,和该模型的预测结果对比发现该模型的预测结果和试验数据符合得很好.对几种钢、铝合金和钛合金材料在不同应力比下的裂纹扩展速率数据用该模型转换成用有效应力强度因子表示的裂纹扩展速率,结果表明由有效应力强度因子幅表示的扩展速率将不同应力比下较分散的裂纹扩展率数据集中在一个很小的分散带内,同时得到了有参考价值的的一些结论.     

Development of super element to perform direct analysis on failure assessment of hull structures based on FAD

Failure assessment diagram (FAD) has great potentials to be a powerful tool to assess the integrity of hull structures. However, the current methodology to obtain the fracture ratio and the load ratio, two axes of FAD, for hull structures is tedious and burden which is one of the major obstacles to advance the further application of FAD. In this paper, a super element is introduced to obtain those two ratios simultaneously in the framework of linear elastic analysis within a single step. Besides, the virtual section closure technique is proposed to compute the reference stress under the inspiration of virtual crack closure technique to compute the stress intensity factor. The capacity of the proposed super element has been assessed by two classic examples of a plate with central crack and a cylinder with circumferential crack. The results obtained from the super element are compared to the corresponding analytical solutions. Finally, the cracked Nishihara specimen (NST-3) was examined and the facture ratio and the load ratio obtained by the super element were compared to those obtained by the global analyses. The comparisons indicate that the proposed super element is accurate. No convergence troubles were encountered. Therefore, the methodology developed in this paper could be a very useful addition to perform the direct analysis on the failure of hull structures due to large crack extensions based on the failure assessment diagram.     

肘板趾端表面裂纹在随机波浪载荷作用下的疲劳扩展预报

肘板趾端是船舶与海洋结构的疲劳热点。文章用三维有限元分析了趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子修正系数的变化规律,并与BS7910推荐的典型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算结果作了对比,结果表明趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子沿深度方向的放大系数和T型节点相差很小,而表面端点应力强度因子修正系数则当裂纹长度在肘板厚度范围内时和T型节点相差很小,超出后则相差较大。以某客滚船上肘板趾端应力范围长期分布服从Weibull分布,产生系列均值为零的应力幅,应力强度因子分别采用有限元结果和BS7910中T型接头公式进行计算,采用单一曲线模型计算该趾端表面裂纹的裂纹扩展。计算等效应力强度因子幅时,考虑焊接残余应力的影响。计算结果表明以T型接头的公式计算趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子和有限元结果相差很小。建议将T型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子计算公式用于趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算,并采用单一曲线模型对随机波浪载荷下作用下船舶典型节点疲劳裂纹的扩展寿命进行了预报。