补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤环境研究

基于横向补给作业中各个阶段可能出现的舷侧碰撞模式所确定的两船碰撞发生时的夹角和补给作业船受撞位置,进行横向补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤仿真研究。分析了补给作业船的吸能特性和碰撞过程中两船的运动状态,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和损伤变形的时序结果。该文的研究可对于开展补给作业船舷侧碰撞结构损伤评估、舷侧抗撞结构的优化设计提供指导。     

船艏横向加强框架对船艏耐撞性能的影响

在撞击过程中船艏结构的典型损伤是外壳板和内加筋的褶皱，撕裂和弯曲。在以前的船舶结构的碰撞分析的简化方法或数值模拟中往往略去横向肋骨框架对船艏碰撞性能的影响。本文利用有限元数值仿真方法研究了横向肋骨框架在碰撞损坏过程中的作用，发现其对船艏结构的损伤形态、碰撞力及能量耗散有重要影响。因而是碰撞计算中不可忽略的因素。     

船舶碰撞缓冲型球鼻艏概念探讨--球鼻曲率对碰撞的影响

船舶碰撞事故中，被撞油船船侧的破裂会引起严重的海洋污染，故油船双层船壳设计成为防止被撞油船破损的有效措施。但随着海上运输船舶的数目及尺度的日益增大，双层船壳已不能满足防止船侧破损的要求。本文提出了缓冲型球算般的构思。在船舶相撞的过程中，球鼻艏曲率的尖锐程度影响被撞船船侧的损伤程度，故提出并讨论了表征球鼻艏碰撞特性的标志性参数。通过对不同曲率的球鼻艏一系列的碴撞数值仿真计算，详细描述了外形曲率对球鼻艏的变形形态、碰撞力、碰撞力密度及能量吸收的影响，指出船舶采用钝形的球鼻艏能有效减小碰撞时的穿透损伤。     

船舶碰撞运动的滞后特性

船舶碰撞过程中,被撞船的刚体运动较之碰撞区的局部损伤变形而言,存在一定程度的滞后效应。本文从理论分析和数值仿真两个方面对该滞后现象进行了研究。研究结果表明：被撞船的运动滞后与撞击速度有重要关系;在高速撞击时,船舶碰撞的内、外部机理计算可相对独立地进行,而不会引起明显的分析误差。     

基于流固耦合法的巡逻船首部结构耐撞性能研究

目前船舶碰撞研究普遍采用忽略水对船体影响的附连水质量法,本文将水介质对船舶的影响考虑进去,建立船—水—船相互作用的流固耦合算法。并以600吨级巡逻船为研究对象,建立撞击船与被撞船整船模型以及适当大小的水域,解决了撞击船—流场—被撞船之间的耦合问题。在数值仿真计算过程中,将内部动力学及外部动力学同步分析,获得了不同工况下被撞船的运动状态以及损伤变形、碰撞速度和碰撞力等动态结构响应。所获结果可为巡逻船在不可避免地发生碰撞时提供操船建议,对于提高巡逻船的战斗力具有重要的意义。     

An analytical method for predicting the ship side structure response in raked bow collisions

As an increasing number of ships continue to sail in heavy traffic lanes, the possibility of collision between ships has become progressively higher. Therefore, it is of great importance to rapidly and accurately analyse the response and consequences of a ship's side structure subjected to large impact loads, such as collisions from supply vessels or merchant vessels. As the raked bow is a common design that has a high possibility of impacting a ship side structure, this study proposes an analytical method based on plastic mechanism equations for the rapid prediction of the response of a ship's side structure subjected to raked bow collisions. The new method includes deformation mechanisms of the side shell plating and the stiffeners attached. The deformation mechanisms of deck plating, longitudinal girders and transverse frames are also analysed. The resistance and energy dissipation of the side structure are obtained from individual components and then integrated to assess the complete crashworthiness of the side structure of the struck ship. The analytical prediction method is verified by numerical simulation. Three typical collision scenarios are defined in the numerical simulation using the code LS_DYNA, and the results obtained by the proposed analytical method and those of the numerical simulation are compared. The results correspond well, suggesting that the proposed analytical method can improve ship crashworthiness during the design phase.     

船舶舷侧结构耐撞性分析

为研究船舶舷侧结构的碰撞损伤过程,采用非线性动态响应分析方法,使用ANASYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件,对船艏和船舷垂直碰撞过程进行数值仿真,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和结构损伤变形的时序结果。为了分析船舶舷侧结构耐撞性能,本文对比了常见油船、新型Y型和X型舷侧结构的仿真过程,结果表明新型舷侧结构在整体的耐撞性能上优于传统的舷侧结构,承载构件的不同也会对结构的耐撞性产生很大的差异。     

油轮艏部结构碰撞特性研究

在船舶碰撞中,船艏是主要作用方.船艏结构的碰撞特性是影响船-船碰撞过程中被撞船舷侧结构损伤程度的决定因素.为减少碰撞事故损失,应从碰撞的观点对船艏结构的特性进行研究,提出一种研究船艏的碰撞特性的方法及表征船艏碰撞特性的特征量,据以改进船艏设计.根据船艏结构本身的碰撞破损过程,对船艏结构碰撞力与破损深度的关系、艏部构件在碰撞过程中的损伤形态和能量耗散进行了研究,指出碰撞力曲线是船艏结构的一种固有特性.提出了碰撞力面积密度曲线的概念,它可以用于定量表达船艏结构对其它结构的破坏能力.利用有限元数值模拟方法计算了一艘4万吨船艏的碰撞损坏实例,显示了上述碰撞特征并讨论了提高碰撞数值模拟计算精度的方法.     

超大型油船双壳舷侧结构的碰撞性能研究

应用非线性有限元数值仿真方法研究了超大型油船双壳舷侧结构的碰撞性能，分析了各个构件的损伤模式和吸能特性，获得了碰撞力，能量吸收和损伤变形的时序结果，并给出具有指导意义的一般性结论。     

基于全耦合分析技术的折叠式夹层板船体结构碰撞性能研究

船舶碰撞事故往往会带来灾难性的后果,船舶碰撞性能以及耐撞结构设计方面的研究一直受到国内外学者的重视。本文基于全耦合数值仿真分析技术,以一多用途船舷侧结构为研究对象,设计出两种夹层板新式抗冲击舷侧结构,并对原结构和新式结构的碰撞性能进行比较。研究结果表明,新式舷侧结构发生损伤变形的区域较大,参与抵抗撞击的构件增多,损伤变形程度有所降低,且在总重量相当的条件下总吸能有大幅提高,可以有效缓解高能碰撞对结构的危害。     

失效准则在船舶碰撞破坏中的应用研究

船舶结构冲击破坏一直都是学者们研究的重点,而碰撞破坏是船舶结构在生命周期内最有可能遭受的冲击破坏形式。因为船舶惯性质量大,在很低的速度下,碰撞也会造成船舶损毁的严重后果。作为判定结构是否失效的关键依据,失效准则对碰撞仿真分析结果的准确性有着至关重要的影响。本文针对典型的船体双层壳结构,结合试验数据,对比尖刀型撞头碰撞仿真下双层壳结构的塑性变形,对碰撞有限元模型及材料本构参数进行验证。在此基础之上重点研究GL、RTCL和JC工程上3种常用金属延性失效准则在碰撞破坏仿真分析中的应用。结果显示:板壳结构在碰撞载荷下,撞击中心的应力三轴度在0.3~0.6之间,考虑应力三轴度的RTCL和JC失效准则更能真实反应板的撞击破坏。而船舶碰撞多属于低速碰撞,应变率效应影响较小。     

Finite element damage analysis of an underwater glider–ship collision

Underwater gliders, which are profiling autonomous underwater vehicles designed to make oceanographic measurements, are increasingly used in the coastal ocean. As they regularly surface for data transmission, gliders increasingly pose a risk for fast ships. In order to estimate the extent of damage due to collision, 3D finite element simulations of collisions between a glider and a high-speed craft with a glass-fiber reinforced plastic hull are performed. Different collision scenarios such as impact locations, angles of attack and speeds are examined. The results are compared to an analytical solution based on simplifying assumptions. Although both methods reveal consistent results, it is shown that finite element simulations are required to account for the 3D shape of the ship. The results indicate that at ship velocities exceeding 7.5 m/s (14.6 kt) the glider penetrates the ship’s hull causing severe damage to its structure.     

Experimental numerical and analytical analysis of the penetration of a scaled double-hull tanker side structure

The paper presents experimental, numerical and analytical analyses of a small-scale double-hull structure quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid flat edge indenter, to examine its energy-absorbing mechanism and fracture. The present study aims to further validate the numerical analysis procedure and the analytical method of individual stiffened panels and web girders against the experiment of the double-hull structure. The specimen, scaled from a tanker's double side structure, includes three spans between the web frames and two spans between the stringers. The paper provides practical information to estimate the extent of structural damage within ship sides during collision accidents. The experimentally obtained force-displacement response and deformation shape show a good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The analysis of the double-hull structure demonstrates the accuracy of the procedure for identifying standard inputs used in numerical codes, in particular the definition of material plastic hardening and the calibration of the critical failure strain by tensile test simulation. The experimental and numerical results are used to validate the analytical method proposed in previous investigations at the plastic deformation stage and a revised semi-analytical method is proposed in the present study for the large penetration stage.     

单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析

给出一种计算船体结构基本构件——梁、板耐撞性的简化分析方法,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析。讨论了球鼻首撞击作用下单壳船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程,提出了计及渐进破坏过程的碰撞损伤简化计算方法。实例计算结果表明:该简化分析方法能对单壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性作出合理的预报,可应用于船舶设计阶段船体结构耐撞性能的评估。     

聚脲涂层舷侧板架抗撞性能试验研究

针对船舶舷侧结构抗碰撞问题,开展有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤试验研究。以某型舰船结构为依据建立舷侧板架有限元模型,利用瞬态动力学软件MSC/Dytran对模型进行数值仿真并确定落锤高度及试验工况。在此基础上,制作模型板架进行有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤冲击试验,分别获得有涂层和无涂层舷侧板架在碰撞冲击载荷作用下的损伤变形、破口大小及碰撞力,对比研究聚脲材料的抗撞防护性能。结果表明,聚脲涂层的存在能够加强舷侧板架的耐撞防护性能。     

Performance characterisation for risk assessment of striking ship impacts based on struck ship damaged volume

Ship collision accidents are rare events but pose huge threat to human lives, assets, and the environment. Many researchers have sought for effective models that compute ship stochastic response during collisions by considering the variability of ship collision scenario parameters. However, the existing models were limited by the capability of the collision computational models and did not completely capture collision scenario, and material and geometric uncertainties. In this paper, a novel framework to performance characterisation of ships in collision involving a variety of striking ships is developed, by characterising the structural consequences with efficient response models. A double-hull oil carrier is chosen as the struck ship to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. Response surface techniques are employed to generate the most probable input design sets which are used to sample an automated finite element tool to compute the chosen structural consequences. The resulting predictor-response relationships are fitted with suitable surrogate models to probabilistically characterise the struck ship damage under collisions. As demonstrated in this paper, such models are extremely useful to reduce the computational complexity in obtaining probabilistic design measures for ship structures. The proposed probabilistic approach is also combined with available collision frequency models from literature to demonstrate the risk tolerance computations.     

船舶与桥墩碰撞的数值模拟

利用有限元软件,模拟4种不同载重吨位的船舶以不同的速度与某桥墩发生碰撞的过程,演示有限元法仿真计算船桥碰撞问题的一般过程,着重分析船舶和桥墩的损伤程度.在此基础上,归纳出撞深速度、撞击时间-速度和桥墩的应力分布.     

基于舰船受损体积的舰船撞击风险评估的性能特征（英文）

Ship collision accidents are rare events but pose huge threat to human lives, assets, and the environment. Many researchers have sought for effective models that compute ship stochastic response during collisions by considering the variability of ship collision scenario parameters. However, the existing models were limited by the capability of the collision computational models and did not completely capture collision scenario, and material and geometric uncertainties. In this paper, a novel framework to performance characterisation of ships in collision involving a variety of striking ships is developed, by characterising the structural consequences with efficient response models. A double-hull oil carrier is chosen as the struck ship to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. Response surface techniques are employed to generate the most probable input design sets which are used to sample an automated finite element tool to compute the chosen structural consequences. The resulting predictor-response relationships are fitted with suitable surrogate models to probabilistically characterise the struck ship damage under collisions. As demonstrated in this paper, such models are extremely useful to reduce the computational complexity in obtaining probabilistic design measures for ship structures. The proposed probabilistic approach is also combined with available collision frequency models from literature to demonstrate the risk tolerance computations.     

被撞船刚体运动响应的滞后特性

船舶碰撞过程中,被撞船的刚体运动较之碰撞区的局部损伤变形存在一定程度的滞后。本文以理论分析和数值仿真两种方法对该滞后现象进行了研究。提出了运动滞后分析的基本假定和计算公式。研究结果表明,被撞船的运动滞后与撞击速度有重要关系,在高速撞击时,船舶碰撞的内、外部机理计算可相对独立地进行而不会引起明显的分析误差。     

双层舷侧结构碰撞损伤过程研究

采用非线性动态响应分析方法,对船舶双层舷侧结构的碰撞损客 研究。研究中,结构材料采用线性强化弹性模型并计入了应变速率引起的材料强化,考虑了碰撞面的接触 与摩擦。