舰船主船体结构设计载荷及目标安全指数

本文介绍了一种计算舰船主船体结构设计载荷的计算方法，该方法与《高速水面舰艇结构设计计算规则》相比更为合理。本文方法也可以用于计算服从泊松分布的，概率为3．33×10－8的船体波浪弯矩极值。本文方法可供舰船船体结构设计应用，亦可作为有关规则中主船体结构外载荷的修编依据。     

张力腿平台系索响应研究

利用三维绕射理论计算平台主体波浪力 ,对张力腿平台的总体响应进行了分析研究。在此基础上 ,系索被模拟成一空间有限元结构 ,在系索的顶端施加平台的运动以及系索张力 ,对系索进行了极限响应分析和系索疲劳可靠性分析。在极限响应分析中 ,对系索分别进行了静力和动力分析。动力分析在频域内进行 ,得到了系索应力的传递函数 ,并对其进行长期预报得到极限工况下的系索应力。系索疲劳可靠性分析建立在系索频域响应的基础上。假设波浪载荷的长期分布是由 k个短期海况组成 ,且每一海况中的应力范围的短期分布服从 Rayleigh分布。利用系索的应力传递函数得到每个短期海况的应力谱。然后 ,采用 Miner线性累积损伤模型 ,对系索结构进行了疲劳可靠性分析 ,并考虑了平均应力的影响以及进行了雨流修正。     

结构刚度变化对船舶水弹性响应的影响

水弹性力学是研究水动力、惯性力和弹性力之间相互作用的力学分支。本文利用三维线性频域水弹性程序计算了某船在单位幅值正弦规则波中的水弹性响应 ,在结构质量分布不变的前提条件下 ,研究了结构刚度变化对结构水弹性响应的影响 ,得到了一些很有价值的结论。     

结构可靠性优化设计的遗传算法

本文针对结构可靠性优化设计问题的特点与计算上的难点，提出遗传算法，文中比较详细地比较了遗传算法的理论基础，遗传算子及工作过程，并对参数选择及其对收敛的影响作了探讨，最后以两个可靠性优化问题作了算例，验证了遗传算法解决此类问题的有效性。     

半潜式海洋平台整体结构的三维可靠性分析

本文将半潜式海洋平合模型化为空间刚架结构系统，导出三维刚架梁元在塑性阶段的修正刚度矩阵和等效节点力，并有效地改进了分枝眼界法，开发出通用于平面和立体结构系统的可靠性分析程序，对平台整体结构进行可靠性估算。通过算例，验证了方法和程序的可靠性和通用性。     

Confidence bounds on structural reliability estimations for offshore platforms

Second-order estimates to measure platform reliability are generated and used to provide an additional space to select safety margins appropriate to the owner's perception or for risk-averse managers. The aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in the parameters of an offshore platform are explicitly considered in the reliability analysis and the platform structural reliability becomes a random variable, assessing then the beneficial effects of a reduction on these uncertainties. One of these benefits is for risk-aversive managers who often demand additional room to make conservative decisions regarding reliability estimations. Proposed here is a procedure to generate the frequency diagram of platform reliability with the use of confidence bounds to support reliability and cost decisions based on percentiles instead of mean values. The concepts are illustrated through a typical offshore platform in Mexico. The frequency diagram of the platform reliability index is built for several alternative designs and three levels of epistemic uncertainty. The results may be applied for decision making on new designs and also on the assessment and optimal inspection, retrofit, and decommissioning of existing platforms.     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics–Part 2: Deck box dataset

In the assessment of wave-in-deck loads for new and existing maritime structures typically model tests are carried out. To determine the most critical conditions and measure sufficient impact loads, a range of sea states and various seeds (realisations) for each sea state are tested. Based on these measurements, probability distributions can be derived and design loads determined. In air gap model testing usually only few, if any, impact loads occur per 3-hour seed. This can make it challenging to derive reliable probability distributions of the measured loads, especially when only a few seeds are generated. In addition wave impact forces, such as greenwater loading, slamming, or air gap impacts are typically strongly non-linear, resulting in a large variability of the measured loads. This results in the following questions: How many impacts are needed to derive a reliable distribution? How is the repeatability of individual events affecting the overall distribution? To answer these questions wave-in-deck model tests were carried out in 100 x 3-hour realisations of a 10,000 year North Sea sea state. The resulting probability distributions of the undisturbed wave measurements as well as the measured wave-in-deck loads are presented in this paper with focus on deriving the number of seeds and exposure durations required for a reliable estimate of design loads.The presented study is Part 2 of a combined study on guidance for the convergence and variability of wave crests and impact loading extreme values. The data set of Part 1 ([1]) is based on greenwater loads on a sailing ferry and the data set of Part 2 on wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

舰用电子设备结构可靠性模糊综合评估研究

雷达等军用电子设备的可靠性,主要取决于电信功能的稳定性和结构的可靠性。文章根据军用电子设备结构系统失效模式的多样性、相关性、不同程度性及其失效过程的模糊性等特点提出了结构可靠性的模糊综合评估方法,给出了具体的综合评估数学模型和公式,并以某舰用电子设备结构系统为例说明了该方法的应用过程。     

环境中高氯酸盐的分析方法研究

高氯酸盐是一种持久性污染物,对环境样品中高氯酸盐的分析方法研究已成为解决高氯酸盐污染问题的关键．介绍了高氯酸盐污染的特点、毒理效应及其环境行为,着重论述了高氯酸盐的检测方法．     

某公务船抗碰撞性能研究

公务船在领海和专属经济区执行维权执法任务时,存在较高的与其他船舶发生主动或被动碰撞的风险。为了准确评估公务船的耐撞性能,本文以某公务船为例,考虑多种计算工况,对目标船的耐撞性能进行动态响应计算,获得了机舱及首部区域的结构损伤、应力、能量吸收等动态结构响应,并计算获得被撞船达到临界状态时的极限撞击速度。研究成果可为公务船的防撞结构设计提供参考。     

Assessment of IACS-CSR implicit safety levels for buckling strength of stiffened panels for double hull tankers

The present study aims at applying structural reliability methods to assess the implicit safety levels of the buckling strength requirements for longitudinal stiffened panels implemented in the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) for double hull oil tankers. The buckling strength requirements considered are used in the initial stage of the hull girder scantlings’ design to control the buckling capacity of longitudinal stiffened panels subjected to the compressive loads induced by the hull girder vertical bending. The following buckling collapse failure modes are explicitly considered in the design formulation: uniaxial buckling of the plating between stiffeners, column buckling of stiffeners with attached plating and lateral-torsional buckling or tripping of stiffeners.The paper presents the procedure used to assess the implicit safety levels of the strength requirements for the three buckling collapse failure modes above mentioned, which includes the optimization of the scantlings of the plate panels and longitudinal stiffeners in order to reflect the minimum strength required by the formulation. A first order reliability formulation is adopted, and stochastic models proposed in the literature are used to quantify the uncertainty in the relevant design variables. A sample of five oil tankers representative of the range of application of the IACS-CSR design rules is considered. The effect of corrosion in the implicit safety levels is quantified based on the three corrosion levels of the Net Thickness Approach (NTA) adopted in the design rules. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to quantify the relative contribution or importance of each design random variable to the implicit safety levels.     

Shallow water effects on high order statistics and probability distributions of wave run-ups along FPSO broadside

Ship hydrodynamics in shallow water becomes especially complicated since the nonlinearities in both the incident waves and the wave–hull interactions will be affected by the water depth. For a ship-shaped Floating Production, Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) operating in shallow water, the broadside often suffers from the wave run-up and green water incidents in non-collinear harsh ocean environments. By applying the methods of ordinary moments and L-moments and the empirical Weibull distribution on the data measured in a series of model experiments, the high order statistics and the exceedance probability distribution of the run-ups along the FPSO broadside are evaluated and the effects of the shallow water depth and the incident environments are analyzed in this paper. It is seen that both the incident waves and the wave run-ups are non-Gaussian in shallow water and that the wave run-up characteristics are significantly influenced by the water depth and the incident environments, while the contribution due to the vessel vertical motions is negligible for the FPSO used in this study. The exceedance probabilities of the wave run-ups show that the broadside will be more likely to suffer from serious wave run-up and green water incidents in shallower water, in a higher incident wave and a non-collinear environment, especially so at locations around the FPSO midship within a range of 3/8L_pp ∼ 5/8L_pp. The dependency of the shape and scale parameters of the wave run-up probability distributions on the locations and the environment is quantified by model tests. The present study leads to the conclusion that the wave run-up characteristics and the shallow water effects should be considered carefully in determining the wave loads and the freeboard of a large FPSO in non-collinear environment conditions.     

撞击参数对双层舷侧结构碰撞响应的影响

深入了解船体结构碰撞损伤特性和能量吸收机制是开展船舶耐撞性优化设计的前提。文章利用显式非线性有限元数值仿真技术对不同撞击条件下的双层舷侧结构碰撞响应进行了系列研究。研究结果表明：撞击位置、撞击角度和撞击速度的改变可能导致不同的碰撞损伤过程或结构损伤变形。     

发电机可靠性寿命模拟试验的设计

结合使用中发电机出现的故障机理,提出了模拟舰船环境的可靠性寿命试验的设计方法,为进行该型发电机的寿命评估提供试验数据。试验的设计方法对进行类似机电产品可靠性寿命实验具有指导意义。