不同含水量液舱在弹体撞击下的动态响应特性

为了明确液舱在平头弹体侵彻下的变形毁伤特点,利用100%含水量液舱的高速侵彻实验,结合数值仿真方法,分析了平头弹作用下液舱含水量对舱壁动态响应的影响规律。结果表明：在相同含水量条件下,弹体初速度越高,弹体在水中的速度衰减越快,耗散的动能越多;同时弹体速度的衰减也随液舱含水量的增加而增大。弹体动能的耗散使得舱内形成空泡,且空泡尺寸随弹体速度的增加而增大。液舱壁由于空泡的作用产生了外凸变形,且其变形量随弹体速度及含水量的增加而增大;当液舱部分含水时,舱壁出现非对称变形,液面下的舱壁的最大变形量与满舱时近似相等。     

VLCC液舱晃荡仿真及结构响应

当船体在波浪中运动的频率与液舱内液体振动的固有频率相近时,舱内液体将会发生剧烈的运动,即晃荡产生了.在船舶结构设计中,必须要考虑这种晃荡载荷及结构的响应.该文针对一超大型油轮(VLCC)液舱晃荡问题进行了三维仿真模拟.在DNV基于压力的晃荡评估方法的基础上,提出了应用有限元方法和任意拉格朗日-欧拉耦合技术进行该船全生命期内液舱晃荡仿真及强度评估的工程实用的步骤方法.     

Study on sloshing in cargo tanks including hydroelastic effects

The sloshing problem in cargo tanks is studied through experiments and numerical analysis. The fluid motion is described using a higher-order boundary element method and the structural response by a thin plate theory. It was found that hydraulic jumps are formed when the excitation frequency is close to the resonance frequency in the case of low filling depth. In the case of high filling depth, the flow resonates and hits the top of the tank, thus inducing a large impact pressure. The pressure on the flexible plate shows amplified initial peaks followed by oscillatory components, the frequency of which coincides with the natural frequencies of the plate in water as a result of hydroelastic effects. Received for publication on Nov. 18, 1998; accepted on May 14, 1999     

船舶碰撞运动的滞后特性

船舶碰撞过程中,被撞船的刚体运动较之碰撞区的局部损伤变形而言,存在一定程度的滞后效应。本文从理论分析和数值仿真两个方面对该滞后现象进行了研究。研究结果表明：被撞船的运动滞后与撞击速度有重要关系;在高速撞击时,船舶碰撞的内、外部机理计算可相对独立地进行,而不会引起明显的分析误差。     

液舱内大幅晃荡引起的压强预报

本文基于流体体积(VOF)法就部分装载液体的液舱内的晃荡压强进行了二维数值计算.为了模拟大幅晃荡引起的冲击压强,重点对数值计算较为敏感的速度边界条件进行了数值处理.通过对某一矩形液舱内的液体晃荡的计算,得到了自由表面位置和压强的时间历经曲线.计算结果同实验值的比较显示:本方法可以用于计算预报大幅晃荡引起的载荷.     

Study of collision characteristics of water-filled double-layer structure

Water-filled double-layer structures are typical hull structures. However, the effect of the carried water has often been neglected in previous collision studies. The carried water couples with the hull structure and participates in the energy absorption process, which reduces the collision damage done to the hull structure. This paper focuses on the effects of compressible carried water on the collision characteristics of a hull structure. Therefore, collision experiments with a simplified double-layer structure (water tank) were performed, and the corresponding collision process was simulated with the finite-element method. The two kinds of pressure (a shock wave and pressure disturbance) generated in the carried water when the water tank collides with a striker were investigated. By comparing the dynamic characteristics of empty and completely filled water tanks, it can be observed that the pressure of the carried water can reduce the displacement of the outer plate and change its deformation shape. Furthermore, the effects of pressure on the collision force and displacement of the inner plate were investigated. Finally, the collision characteristics of a typical water-filled side structure are presented as an example.     

液舱晃荡的数值模拟

随着海上液化天然气的开采和卸载的发展,LNG船部分充满液舱的晃荡问题变得非常重要,成为一个重要的研究课题.文章采用VOF法对部分充满液舱的晃荡进行了数值模拟.结合动网格技术,针对二维矩形舱和三维立方体舱及薄膜型舱进行了计算.并将相关的横向力、波高和压力曲线与试验结果作对比,吻合较好.验证了此法的可行性和有效性.     

船载养殖水体纵摇运动下流场特性数值分析

发展以大型游弋式养殖工船可为深蓝渔业提供新的养殖手段。本文基于STAR-CCM数值计算软件研究了纵摇运动下养殖液舱内流场特性和壁面压力,建立了养殖液舱内适渔性的评估方法。典型海况中船舶纵摇运动对养殖液舱中流场的影响研究表明：当养殖液舱纵摇频率一定时,液舱内流速及壁面压力随纵摇幅值增大而增大；当养殖液舱纵摇与养殖水体发生共振时,液舱内流速及壁面压力急剧增大,对养殖对象安全及结构强度均有较大不利影响。对于海上养殖工船的养殖安全运行,选择风浪流条件合适的渔场,结合船体耐波性研究,优化船体型线,调节养殖舱水体固有频率,避开共振运动,是养殖工船适渔性研究的一个重要方向。     

Numerical analysis of the hydroelastic behavior of a vertical plate due to solitary waves

Interactions of a vertical elastic plate with fully nonlinear water waves were simulated. Utilizing the mixed Eulerian Lagrangian method for the free-surface flow and the finite element method for the deflection of an elastic plate, a fully coupled scheme for accurately determining fluid–plate motions was developed. Using this scheme, some modifications to the solvers for both fluid and plate were made. A hybrid wave-absorbing beach was installed to prevent wave reflection from the end of the wave tank. A fourth-order Runge–Kutta time-marching scheme with a uniform time step was applied to achieve numerical stability. The method was validated by simulating the wave generated by the initial deformation of a vertical plate and comparing the result with the corresponding analytical solution. For further validation, the hydroelastic behavior of a vertical plate induced by a pulse-type wave (where the initial pulse-type elevation of the free surface is specified) was computed, and the result was compared with another numerical result from a mode-expansion method. The interaction of a surface-piercing plate with nonzero initial free surface was then simulated, and the result was compared with the corresponding linear analytical solution. Finally, the hydroelastic response of a surface-piercing vertical plate due to a solitary wave (generated by actuating the vertical plate at the right end of the tank only at the beginning) was computed and investigated systematically.     

非结构化有限体积法研究薄板的冲击动力学问题(英文)

The examination of an unstructured finite volume method for structural dynamics is assessed for simulations of systematic impact dynamics. A robust display dual-time stepping method is utilized to obtain time accurate solutions. The study of impact dynamics is a complex problem that should consider strength models and state equations to describe the mechanical behavior of materials. The current method has several features. 1) Discrete equations of unstructured finite volume method naturally follow the conservation law. 2) Display dual-time stepping method is suitable for the analysis of impact dynamic problems of time accurate solutions. 3) The method did not produce grid distortion when large deformation appeared. The method is validated by the problem of impact dynamics of an elastic plate with initial conditions and material properties. The results validate the finite element numerical data.     

Comparative assessment of liquid sloshing in dry and wet storage tank of floating offshore platform

In order to explore the characteristics of the single-layer liquid sloshing in offshore dry oil storage tank and the two-layer liquid sloshing in offshore wet oil storage tank, two series of experiments were carried out: one was free surface sloshing in a closed rectangular tank partially filled with colored water, and the other was interfacial sloshing in the identical tank but completely filled with white oil and colored water. The tank was mounted on a shake table and was subjected to harmonic horizontal excitation with different excitation amplitudes and a wide range of excitation frequencies, including the first seven natural modes of single-layer or two-layer liquid system. The present study find that the frequency responses of interfacial sloshing wave are analogous to those of the free surface sloshing wave, but smaller in amplitudes. The experiments also produce results that are unique to the two-layer liquid sloshing. For example, when the external excitation frequency is equal to or close to the odd mode natural frequency of two-layer liquid system, a complicated three-dimensional (3D) gravity-capillary wave might be generated at the oil-water interface. Finally, the comparisons of free surface and interfacial sloshing in the viscous damping ratio, higher sloshing modes, impact pressure amplitude and mass center displacement were conducted, which revealed the superiority of wet storage technology in structural safety and dynamic stability.     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation of an elastic wedge water entry by a coupled FDM-FEM method

Hydroelastic behavior of an elastic wedge impacting on calm water surface was investigated. A partitioned approach by coupling finite difference method (FDM) and finite element method (FEM) was developed to analyze the fluid structure interaction (FSI) problem. The FDM, in which the Constraint Interpolation Profile (CIP) method was applied, was used for solving the flow field in a fixed regular Cartesian grid system. Free surface was captured by the Tangent of Hyperbola for Interface Capturing with Slope Weighting (THINC/SW) scheme. The FEM was applied for calculating the structural deformation. A volume weighted method, which was based on the immersed boundary (IB) method, was adopted for coupling the FDM and the FEM together. An elastic wedge water entry problem was calculated by the coupled FDM-FEM method. Also a comparison between the current numerical results and the published results indicate that the coupled FDM-FEM method has reasonably good accuracy in predicting the impact force.     

大型LNG船液舱晃荡载荷数值预报和模型试验比较

大型LNG船液舱晃荡冲击载荷的合理预报是液舱结构安全性设计和评估的基础。针对部分装载的LNG船液舱的晃荡载荷开展数值预报方法研究,建立了合理的数值模型和计算方案。通过典型菱形液舱的三维晃荡模型试验,获得LNG液舱在各种运动模式下流体拍击舱壁的冲击载荷特性。在数值计算和对比分析中,首先对舱内液体在各种运动模式下的晃荡固有频率进行了搜索,然后在各个固有频率下进行了变幅值激励和耦合运动激励下的冲击压力计算,得到了不利运动工况下的冲击压力预报结果。数值模拟结果与模型试验结果的比较表明,提出的液舱晃荡数值计算方法能够合理地预报大型LNG船液舱晃荡载荷特征。在此基础上,对各种载液水平和运动模式下大型LNG船液舱内壁的压力分布进行了详细计算,可供液舱围护系统结构设计和安全性评估参考。     

Level-set法预报液舱内剧烈晃荡引起的冲击压强

基于Level-set法就部分装载液体的液舱内剧烈晃荡引起的冲击压强进行了二维数值计算.为了模拟大幅晃荡引起的冲击压强,重点对数值计算较为敏感的自山液面处的物性参数、初始化方程的求解等进行了,数值处理.通过对某一矩形液舱内的液体晃荡的计算,得到了自由表而位置和压强的时间历经曲线.计算结果同实验值的比较表明:本方法可以用于计算预报大幅晃荡引起的载荷.     

被撞船刚体运动响应的滞后特性

船舶碰撞过程中,被撞船的刚体运动较之碰撞区的局部损伤变形存在一定程度的滞后。本文以理论分析和数值仿真两种方法对该滞后现象进行了研究。提出了运动滞后分析的基本假定和计算公式。研究结果表明,被撞船的运动滞后与撞击速度有重要关系,在高速撞击时,船舶碰撞的内、外部机理计算可相对独立地进行而不会引起明显的分析误差。     

高速弹丸侵彻储油容器液固耦合数值分析

为了探讨高速弹丸侵彻储油容器的液固耦合作用机理,采用大型动态非线性有限元软件ABAQUS\EXPLICIT,对空载、4/5装载和满载三种装载状态下的侵彻动力学过程进行了数值模拟.通过对比分析,得到了三种装载状态下弹丸速度衰减曲线和储油箱体的损伤变形特征,并对侵彻过程不同阶段的动力学特征和损伤机理进行了分析,计算结果与相关实验和理论结果吻合较好.结果表明:燃油对高速弹丸侵彻油箱的动力学过程影响很大,其作用主要体现在吸收更多弹丸的动能并将其转化为与燃油接触箱体的变形能,这往往会带来箱体整体性的破坏,在储油容器的结构强度设计时必须加以考虑.     

基于OpenFOAM的船舶与液舱流体晃荡在波浪中时域耦合运动的数值模拟

波浪中载液船舶运动激励舱内液体的晃荡,舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击力同时作用在舱壁上,进而影响船舶的运动姿态。波浪中船体水动力和时延函数是在势流理论范畴下采用切片法和脉冲响应函数方法计算获得的,液舱内液体非线性晃荡是基于粘性流理论实时计算模拟,两者耦合建立了波浪中载液船舶与液舱流体晃荡耦合的运动方程。论文基于开源CFD开发平台OpenFOAM,自主开发实现了船体运动与液舱晃荡的耦合计算程序,并进行了相应的数值模拟计算和验证工作。该方法完整地考虑了波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的耦合作用,并结合船体内外流场特点分别采用了势流和粘性流理论,具有较高的计算效率。通过数值模拟计算和模型实验研究表明,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,船体运动计算结果与模型实验结果吻合良好。     

液舱内流体晃荡特性数值研究

本文利用VOF法对矩形液舱内液体晃荡进行数值计算。首先对舱内无任何隔板时液体晃荡作了模拟,并与相关文献中的实验结果进行了比较;然后在舱底中间设置一道不同形式的防晃隔板,对液体晃荡进行了计算。从结算结果看,本文提出的方法可以用于分析液舱内液体的运动和载荷,为设计合理的液舱结构形式提供理论依据。     

采用耦合有限元、边界元方法的矩形储液舱中液体晃荡数值仿真(英文)

Sloshing of liquid can increase the dynamic pressure on the storage sidewalls and bottom in tanker ships and LNG careers. Different geometric shapes were suggested for storage tank to minimize the sloshing pressure on tank perimeter. In this research, a numerical code was developed to model liquid sloshing in a rectangular partially filled tank. Assuming the fluid to be inviscid, Laplace equation and nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are solved using coupled FEM-BEM. The code performance for sloshing modeling is validated against available data. To minimize the sloshing pressure on tank perimeter, rectangular tanks with specific volumes and different aspect ratios were investigated and the best aspect ratios were suggested. The results showed that the rectangular tank with suggested aspect ratios, not only has a maximum surrounded tank volume to the constant available volume, but also reduces the sloshing pressure efficiently.     

冲击载荷下加筋板非线性瞬态分析

本文用半解析的方法分析了横向冲击载荷下加筋板的非线性瞬态响应。考虑膜力的存在，忽略筋截面上的剪切应力，引入板的应力函数，采用离散加筋板模型，运用能量原理建立加筋板的动响应控制方程。假设挠度为双级数形式，运用迦辽金法，将加筋板的动响应方程转化为一个多自由度的动力系统，采用数值方法来求解。本文最后给出了几个模型的计算结果。