船舶碰撞事故致因及管控措施研究

文章从人为因素、船舶因素和环境因素三方面出发,利用贝叶斯网络理论建立全因素的船舶碰撞致因模型。将该模型应用到天津港船舶碰撞事故的致因分析当中,找出天津港船舶碰撞事故的致因规律,利用船舶操纵模拟器对碰撞事故进行还原和重现,找出事故发生的原因,发现关键的管理控制点,提出针对性的保障措施和建议。     

LNG码头危险和有害因素辨识与分析

为确保LNG码头的安全,有必要辨识LNG码头在运营过程中存在的主要危险因素和主要有害因素。提出LNG码头危险有害因素分析的依据,分别从LNG的理化特性、危险特性和毒理特性进行分析。总结LNG码头可能发生的事故类别,并对事故进行致因分析。     

渔业船舶安全事故致因分析

为减少渔业船舶事故发生率,减轻事故发生的严重程度,通过对渔业船舶事故致因数据进行分析,建立研究渔业船舶发生安全事故的鱼骨图模型,挖掘渔业船舶安全事故发生的关键致因,以事故案例佐证渔业船舶安全事故鱼骨图模型的实用性,有针对性地把控渔业船舶事故发生的频率,对渔业船舶安全及海洋渔业经济发展有很强的实践意义。     

引航事故人为失误致因分析研究

为定量分析各类人为失误因素对内河引航事故的影响程度。首先,建立了内河引航事故人为失误致因分析HFACS-PA模型,并依据事故底层人为失误致因历史信息构建二进制矩阵及其比例矩阵,通过单一聚类分析确定了事故人为失误致因模式。然后,在分析长江江苏段149起引航事故人为失误致因基础上,通过卡方检验和让步比分析,构建了引航事故人为失误致因的贝叶斯网络因果关系图。最后,针对重点人为失误致因提出了防控措施,并为有关部门提供参考和建议,减少引航事故发生和人命财产损失。     

基于Apriori算法的海事事故中人为失误致因探讨

海事事故的发生对海上交通运输与经贸往来的安全造成了严重威胁。如何明确海上运输过程中人为失误与事故之间的关联特征已成为研究者需要解决的重要问题。本文以Apriori算法的基本原理作为切入点,基于布尔数据转化、枚i举数据处理、数值数据离散等流程对海事事故致因要素进行了整合分析,同时依托Aprior算法对海事事故中人为失误致因进行了研究i,进而给出了海事事故的预防建议,以期为有关管理部门与从业者提供参考。     

充砂袋充填作业淹溺事故分析及预防

充砂袋施工作业受气象条件影响大,施工中不确定的因素非常多,很容易发生淹溺事故。结合工程实际,分析了充砂袋作业过程中各个工序可能造成事故的危险点;同时,应用事故树法对淹溺事故进行了详细的分析,找出了引发事故的主要原因,提出了有针对性的预防控制措施。     

油船货泵舱爆燃事故分析

油船货泵舱爆燃事故作为船舶主要风险之一,一旦发生往往引起巨大的财产、人员损失和环境损害。为保证船舶安全运营,开展油船货泵舱爆燃事故研究迫在眉睫。油船货泵舱爆燃事故风险因素辨识事故树分析法(FaultTree Analysis,FTA)是一种从结果到原因的逆向分析法。将事故结果确定为顶部事件,然后找出导致事故后果的直接因素和间接因素,把所有因素运用逻辑关系绘制成一个树形结构,进而对事故进行定性或定量分析。     

事故致因模型在海事调查分析中的应用

《国际海事安全调查规则》内容并未涉及具体的事故调查分析的方法和工具。然而,国际海事组织(IMO)于2013年通过了《协助调查人员执行海事安全调查规则的指南》,该指南5.13节指出事故致因模型作为安全分析工具可以根据实际情况进行修正以应用到具体实践中。研究事故致因模型在海事调查中应用的整个发展历程,分析不同类型的事故模型的应用,用SHEL-Reason模型分析一起具有组织和人为因素的代表性海事调查案例。最后得出结论,对于复杂的海上交通事故的分析,应用依据实际情况整合修改过的事故致因模型是非常有必要的。     

船舶海上安全的对策研究

文章构建了船舶事故发生模型,从分析了影响事故发生的基本因素。根据人因失效的基本原理,提出了减少船舶碰撞事故的管理对策。     

水上交通事故致因理论探讨

在对比国际上有代表性的事故致因理论的基础上提出水上交通事故致因理论,认为水上交通事故的本质原因在于水上交通安全管理体系的缺陷,并通过案例进行验证。     

6·15九江大桥船撞事故引发的思考

文章在调查研究200多起船撞桥事故的基础上,分析了事故的主要影响因素,提出了提高桥区船舶航行安全的对策建议。     

Statistical Analysis of Ship Collisions with Bridges in China Waterway

Having carried out investigations on ship collision accidents with bridges in waterway in China, a database of ship collision with bridge (SCB) is developed in this paper. It includes detailed information about more than 200 accidents near ship' s waterways in the last four decades, in which ships collided with the bridges. Based on the information a statistical analysis is presented tentatively. The increase in frequency of ship collision with bridges appears, and the accident quantity of the barge system is more than that of single ship. The main reason of all the factors for ship collision with bridge is the human errors, which takes up 70%. The quantity of the accidents happened during flooding period shows over 3 - 6 times compared with the period from March to June in a year. The probability follows the normal distribution according to statistical analysis. Visibility, span between piers also have an effect on the frequency of the accidents.     

Common patterns in aggregated accident analysis charts from human fatigue-related groundings and collisions at sea

Research has shown that there are potentially disastrous outcomes of human fatigue at sea. The conditions in which the seafarers have to operate are becoming more and more demanding. The study in this article attempts to aggregate accident charts derived from in-depth studies of human fatigue-related accidents to determine common patterns of interlinked fatigue factors. The accidents are analyzed by means of the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM), which in the article has been modified for maritime accidents. The main fatigue factors identified are ‘shift work’, ‘irregular working hours’, ‘inadequate task allocation’, and ‘excessive demands’. The study reveals several differences between ship collision and grounding accidents and their corresponding fatigue factors. Human fatigue-related collision accidents are characterized by wrong/badly timed decisions, misconceptions, and poor communication between the vessels. Right before the collision the crew is often panicking and mistakes are easily made. In human fatigue-related groundings, the conditions are often monotonous and the navigating officer has either overlooked the upcoming seabed or simply fallen asleep. Safety climate issues are also identified as important contributors to human fatigue.     

Marine accident analysis for collision and grounding in oil tanker using FTA method

In this study, collision and grounding data registered in GISIS (Global Integrated Shipping Information System) were investigated for oil tankers. The database includes the information of the collision and grounding accidents during the period between 1998 and 2010 in oil tankers. The risk assessments were carried out using fault tree analysis (FTA) programme for the incidents as collision and grounding occurred in oil tankers. In this study, we were able to investigate first the potential problems which cause the collision and grounding accidents have been determined, second, the occurrence of accidents has been shown with causal factors by the FTA method, and, finally, the significance degree of the initial events causing occurrence of accidents have been put forth. Collision in oil tanker resulted in economical loss (81%), pollution (6%) and death or injury (13%). Grounding in oil tanker resulted in economical loss (91%) and pollution (9%). According to the FTA results, the main reason for the accidents originating from human error is as follows: for collision accidents, Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG) violation and the lack of communication between vessels; and for grounding accidents, the interpretation failure of the officer on watch and lack of communication in the bridge resource management.     

长江干线船撞桥事故分析

对发生在长江干线上的船撞桥事故进行了分析研究。通过调研掌握了一百余份有关资料 ,包括四十年来发生在十余座长江大桥的 172起船撞桥事故 ,在对事故进行统计分析与研究的基础上 ,得出了一些重要的结论。长江船撞桥事故在数量上略呈增长态势 ,船队撞桥事故远多于单船 ,约占 86 %。船撞桥的概率与桥梁跨距、洪水、能见度等因素有关 ,尤其是洪水对船撞桥概率影响较大 ,近似呈正态分布。发生船撞桥事故的第一位原因是人员失误 ,占 78%以上。     

通航河流桥梁主动防船撞措施探讨

文章从影响通航条件的主要因素,即建桥对通航条件的影响入手,从桥梁选址、桥跨及墩位布设以及通航净空尺度等角度,全面分析了预防船撞桥事故发生的相关措施和技术要求,提出了从桥梁设计角度如何实现桥梁主动防船撞的方法,其成果可为桥梁设计借鉴参考。     

两起船舶碰撞事故的调查和思考

基于对两起船舶碰撞事故的调查,分析导致碰撞发生的各种因素,指出当值船员责任心差和对航行规则的误解是导致事故发生的根本原因,提出船东应对船员进行有针对性的培训,以提高船员的工作责任心和工作技能,以期避免类似事故的发生。     

浅析内河船舶碰撞事故的若干特性

文中提出了内河船舶碰撞事故所具有的一些基本特性，列举了大量具体数据、实例，从事实上进行了详细的分析，并结合水上交通碰撞事故某些个性从管理的基本原理出发加以探析。只有关注和研究船舶碰撞事故特性，才能减少或避免碰撞事故的发生。     

船舶避碰中驾驶员的心理紧张状态与其人为失误

本文从心理学和生理学的角度，剖析了船舶避碰中驾驶员的心理紧张状态及其对人为失误的影响，提出了缓解紧张状态、减少人为失误的措施，为研究碰撞海事提供了一个新的途径。     

船撞桥概率分析

统计了船舶撞击桥梁事故并分析其原因。以昆兹模型为基础,推导出能应用到船舶撞击桥墩实际情况中的碰撞概率公式,并把此公式应用到了船舶撞击桥墩、撞击桥梁横梁的情况中,同时推导了船撞桥不同撞击角度对应的撞击概率。