Productivity and returns to scale of container ports

This is an empirical analysis of the performance of the five major container ports of the East Coast of the United States: Boston, New York-New Jersey, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Hampton Roads. The data through 1978 indicate wide disparities in the productivity of these facilities. They also suggest that container ports exhibit significant returns to scale throughout the range of observation, that is up to 15 Mt a Year. These findings indicate that a national policy of developing small ports is not economically attractive, and that specific investments should be made most carefully.     

基于资源整合的日本集装箱港口改革重组

近10年来,曾在日本国民经济中具有战略地位的港口部门出现国际竞争力下降的态势,集装箱吞吐量增长缓慢.因此最近日本推出了基于资源整合的一揽子港口新政,旨在通过改革重组使日本集装箱港口重获在东亚地区的竞争优势,谋求港口经济的复兴.对该新政进行探讨,并指出其对我国京津冀都市圈港口群一体化的借鉴意义.     

Multicommodity network flow model for Asia's container ports

This paper seeks to develop a multi-commodity network model to analyse the flow of containers within the Asia Pacific context. The model is used to evaluate the impact of container throughput in Asia's port by varying terminal handling charges and turnaround time. The three main regions analysed are north-east Asia, east Asia (Chinese port region) and south east Asia. Using the model, it could be shown that Busan port, which is an important transhipment hub in north-east Asia, could boost the container activities in the north-eastern part of China by improving its service quality. It is also found that the efficiency of the land link between Hong Kong and mainland China plays a crucial role for the future of Hong Kong port. While Singapore port maintains its position as a transhipment hub in south-east Asia, there would be expected competition from neighbouring low costs ports.     

港口集装箱吞吐量的灰色神经网络预测模型研究

为了降低港口集装箱吞吐量的预测误差,提高预测精度,文章通过分析传统的灰色预测模型和 BP 神经网络预测模型的优缺点,构建了灰色神经网络港口集装箱吞吐量预测模型,该模型充分发挥了灰色模型所需初始数据少和 BP 神经网络非线性拟合能力强的特点。以实际数值作为初始数据,各种灰色模型的预测值为神经网络的输入值,神经网络的输出值为组合预测结果。通过实例分析,结果表明：灰色神经网络预测模型提高了预测精度,预测结果比较理想,优于单一预测模型,因此,该模型用于港口集装箱吞吐量预测是可行的、有效的。     

港口集装箱物流网络运作模型设计

目前,港口集装箱物流正成为整个海上物流体系中重要一环,物流效率及端到端的服务是客户考虑的重要因素,传统的集装箱装配模式已经越来越不能适应现代海上物流的信息化要求。随着物流体系的网络化建设,将港口集装箱配送作为整个海上物流体系中的一个节点;同时,管理者对码头内部各环节进行合理的网络化管理是现代港口物流的发展趋势。本文对港口集装箱的网络运行模型进行定量及定性分析,为提高运行效率提供参考依据。     

温州港口业:扬起城市经济发展的龙头

温州港的快速扩张和临港工业的壮大，使城市的产业格局和经济格局悄然发生变化。商业型、加工型、消费型小城市逐步被新兴港口工业城市所取代，显然，港口业的龙头地位不可或缺。本文通过调研论证，提出加快港口发展和拉动临港工业措施与建议。     

港口集装箱中转运输业回暖之路

受全球金融危机影响,自2008年11月份以来,我国进出口持续下滑,港口集装箱中转运量锐减,尤其是外贸进出口比重较大的长三角、珠三角地区,港口集装箱吞吐量跌幅更大。一个不争的事实是,我国港口集装箱中转运输业遭遇了史无前例的“寒冬”,从2008年初繁荣的顶端逐步下滑,直到2009年第二季度止跌企稳,第三季度呈现回暖迹象,第四季度则恢复性前行。     

国内集装箱港口的现状与发展趋势

集装箱运输以其高效、便捷、安全等特点,赢得了运输市场,成为现代交通运输工具的重要组成部分,越来越受到世人的瞩目。到目前为止,我国港口己建成几百个专用集装箱泊位,其装卸设备和技术先进,工艺自动化程度不断提高,2004年吞吐量突破了6000万TEU,并将持续高速增长,随着船舶的大型化以及现代物流业的发展,集装箱港口将进一步向深水化、大型化、信息化、多功能化的方向发展,并已初步形成全球集装箱运输中心。     

洋山深水港区建设与远东国际集装箱枢纽港

一、上海港现状与远东港口竞争的核心 上海港是我国大陆最大的港口.2003年货物吞吐量完成3.16亿吨;集装箱吞吐量完成1128.2万标准箱,约占长江三角洲地区港口集装箱吞吐总量的78%.     

Privatization trends at the world's top-100 container ports

Over recent years, the role of the private sector in seaports has been greatly expanded. Yet, in practice, the extent of privatization in ports can vary significantly, in part due to the different methods employed to bring about private sector participation. This paper identifies and analyses, through a survey of ports, recent trends in regard to privatization at the world's top-100 container ports. The survey has benefitted from, and seeks to extend, a previous survey undertaken by the International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH). Findings suggest that, although the influence of private sector actors in ports is growing, the role of public sector agencies also remains significant.     

Operational performance evaluation of major container ports in the Asia-Pacific region

If international container ports are to gain a proper appreciation of their various advantages, disadvantages and potential opportunities in a globally competitive environment, it is essential that they conduct effective evaluation of their operational performance. The present study applies five models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to acquire a variety of complementary information about the operational efficiency of major container ports in the Asia-Pacific region and to identify trends in port efficiency. The study first establishes the causes of inefficiency on the basis of efficiency value analysis. Slack variable analysis is then used to identify potential areas of improvement for inefficient ports. This is followed by the utilization of return to scale analysis to assess whether each port is in a state of increasing, decreasing, or constant return to scale. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify which input or output variables have larger weights in terms of efficiency. The results provide valuable information for port managements in their attempts to establish competitive strategies for the future and to improve their resource utilization for ongoing improvements in operational efficiency.     

Optimal investment priority in container port development

The aim of this paper is to develop realistic and relevant investment planning models for inland container transportation systems. The models may be utilized to identify the most effective investment plan for inland transportation infrastructure development and to evaluate the inland container transportation system. The procedure enables determination of the optimal locations, sizes and time of container port developments as well as the optimal container cargo flows through transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm was developed for the purpose of evaluating alternative investment plans. Dynamic and linear programming methods are applied to each of the two planning problems: the former for the optimum container port capacity development problem and the latter for the optimal allocation of inland container traffic movements. The model has been applied to concrete inland container transportation system problems in Korea.     

地主港模式在新兴港口推行的可行性和迫切性

为加快我国港口体制改革前进步伐,寻求适合我国港口建设发展并更具优越性的港口体制模式,根据国内外港口发展的成熟经验,归纳、总结并富有创新性地提出一种更适合我国港口建设发展的新型“地主港”管理模式,阐述该模式在国内新兴港口实施的可行性及迫切性,对该模式的实施方法及效果提出建议：加强“政企分开”的港口管理体制的落实,强调港口行政管理部门的职能;完善有关法律制度建设;政府给予一定的政策扶持。     

汕头港集装箱运输发展前景

介绍了汕头港集装箱运输的发展情况,同时阐述了粤东地区的集装箱运输枢纽汕头港的相关规划及功能定位.采用腹地生成法等数量经济模型定量分析预测了汕头港集装箱运输的发展前景,并结合其集装箱运输中存在的问题和不足,提出了汕头港建设5万～10万吨级大型集装箱码头的发展建议.     

基于LM-BP神经网络的沿海港口吞吐量动态模拟与预测

根据港口吞吐量与经济发展之间存在的非线性映射关系,引入结合LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)优化算法的BP神经网络,并将其应用于我国沿海港口吞吐量的动态模拟与预测.通过与BP算法的仿真结果比较分析,发现新算法具有训练速度快、预测精度高的特点.     

Co-operation and competition in international container transport: strategies for ports

This paper focuses on the response of port authorities to the changing market environment in which they operate. It documents the changes taking place in the relationships between port authorities and terminal management companies and considers the strategic issues faced by these groups and other port interests. In particular, it investigates the potential conflicts of interest for a port authority in matters related to the level of competition amongst terminals within a port and the amount of competition amongst ports.     

金融危机下沿海集装箱运输港口聚类分析

选择我国沿海十大集装箱港口,根据金融危机以来2008-2009年各港口集装箱吞吐量增长特点,通过统计分析软件SPSS,应用聚类分析方法,将我国沿海主要集装箱港口进行分类,进而分析和总结各类集装箱港口在金融危机期间的集装箱运输特点,据此提出沿海集装箱港口可以从大力拓展箱源、完善集疏运体系和优化港口软环境3方面应对金融危机所带来的负面效应,并总结不同类型的集装箱运输港口在每一方面的策略偏向,为当前国内集装箱港口在经济逐步复苏期更好更快发展提供决策上的参考.     

Concepts of strategic commercial location: the case of container ports

A World that shrinks with progressive improvements in transportation and communications is a fact of 20th century life. The shrinking process can produce new patterns and perceptions of strategic location. In this paper we are looking specifically at nodes in transportaion system. In the ligth of transportation progress, we re-consider some of the time-worn ideas about centrality, accessibility, gateway locaations, junction, transit points, and the like. Do some of these notions become irrelevant in the modern transport age? Is it a questions f shifting geographical scale? Do we need more sophisticated concepts of strategic location? We suggest the answer 'yes' to all three questions. Our illustrations come from an examination of the world's top-ranked container ports. We give primary emphasis to the external geographical relationships of the ports, that is to situational aspects (not to say, however, that sitefeatures are inconsequetial). We are interested in the seaports users' —i.e., carriers and shippers—perceptions of strategic location. Readily available container throughput data provide and initial platform for empirical research but also give proof that some commercial interests find these ports strategically important to their system.     

港口枢纽集疏运对城市交通影响分析

随着我国经济的发展,我国港口的吞吐量增长迅猛。本文以腹地型的港口——上海港为背景,通过对集装箱运输的特点和流程进行分析,指出港口枢纽城市集装箱运输中存在的问题,并提出降低公路集疏运分担率是减少上海港道路集装箱集疏运对城市交通影响的战略目标之一。     

嘉兴内河集箱运输迎来历史发展机遇

嘉兴内河集装箱运输虽然起步较晚,规模较小,但其低廉的运输成本、便捷的通关条件以及腹地经济的强有力支持使嘉兴具备了发展集装箱运输的优势。随着上海国际航运中心和洋山深水港的建设,嘉兴面临内河集装箱运输难得的历史发展机遇。