Experimental and numerical investigations on laser-welded corrugated-core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading

Experimental investigations on the laser-welded triangular corrugated core sandwich panels and equivalent solid plates subjected to air blast loading are presented. The experiments were conducted in an explosion tank considering three levels of blast loading. Results show that the maximum deflection, core web buckling and core compaction increased as the decrease of stand-off distance. Back face deflections of sandwich panels were found to be nearly half that of equivalent solid plates at the stand-off distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. At the closest stand-off distance of 50 mm, the panel was found to fracture and fail catastrophically. Autodyn-based numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of sandwich panels. A good agreement was observed between the numerical calculations and experimental results. The model captured most of the deformation/failure modes of panels. Finally, the effects of face sheet thickness and core web thickness on the dynamic response of sandwich panel were discussed.     

四边形蜂窝夹层板的优化设计分析

夹层板结构是近代发展起来的一种比较先进的结构形式,具有比强度高、比刚度大等特点。以某舰船中部双层船底一个纵桁和肋板间距的船底板架单元为基础,在保证夹层板总质量、主尺寸与原板架相同的前提下,建立一系列夹层质量不同的四边形蜂窝夹层板模型。利用仿真算法,从结构损伤、能量吸收的角度分析其抗爆与抗冲击性能。对四边形蜂窝夹层板进行优化分析,得到一种优化模型。     

A theory of coupled beams for strength assessment of passenger ships

This paper describes a coupled beam method, which estimates elastic response in the longitudinal bending of a passenger ship with a large multi-deck superstructure. The method can be applied during an early project stage, when detailed three-dimensional finite element modelling is not yet possible. The theory is based on the assumption that each deck in the superstructure and also the main hull can be considered as a thin-walled beam. These beams are coupled to adjacent beams with springs modelling vertical and shear stiffness. The shear effect in the side and deck structures is included with options for large openings. As a result, the method allows for the calculation of the normal stresses and vertical deflections in the arbitrary location of the hull girder. Average longitudinal displacements of deck structures and shear stresses in the side structures can be estimated as well. Simplified structures were analysed in order to validate the coupled beam method against the three-dimensional finite element method.     

填充超弹性材料夹层板的抗爆性能研究

夹层板是一种比刚度大、比强度高的结构形式,根据文献将典型加筋板等效为最优夹层板,采用非线性数值方法,对爆炸冲击波作用下方形蜂窝夹层板及填充超弹性材料的方形蜂窝夹层板响应进行数值计算,分析填充超弹性材料夹层对夹层板各部位加速度、速度及位移响应的影响,对比不同爆距下夹层板响应,并分析填充超弹性材料对夹层板吸能的影响。从计算结果可知填充超弹性材料可有效减小爆炸载荷作用下夹层板的响应,减小夹层板面、背板间相对变形。     

填充超弹性材料夹层板的抗爆性能研究

夹层板是一种比刚度大、比强度高的结构形式,根据文献将典型加筋板等效为最优夹层板,采用非线性数值方法,对爆炸冲击波作用下方形蜂窝夹层板及填充超弹性材料的方形蜂窝夹层板响应进行数值计算,分析填充超弹性材料夹层对夹层板各部位加速度、速度及位移响应的影响,对比不同爆距下夹层板响应,并分析填充超弹性材料对夹层板吸能的影响。从计算结果可知填充超弹性材料可有效减小爆炸载荷作用下夹层板的响应,减小夹层板面、背板间相对变形。     

Optimisation of laser-welded sandwich panels with multiple design constraints

This paper investigates the possibilities for structural optimisation of laser-welded sandwich panels with an adhesively bonded core and uni-directional vertical webs. Closed form expressions for the equivalent stiffness and elastic buckling strength of laser-welded sandwich panels are discussed and numerically evaluated to demonstrate the effect of parameter variations on stress and deflection. Due to the number of design variables and constraints a structural optimisation method based on the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is implemented and used to minimise the structural weight per square meter of panel for a typical accommodation deck configuration. It is concluded that, within the span of production parameters and rule requirements, substantial improvements can be made with or without an adhesively bonded core. Without core material and without any changes to the surrounding structure the structural weight for standard production panels can be reduced considerably, by reducing the face plate thickness and by using thinner and fewer webs. Additional weight can be saved by removing all but a few webs and injecting low-cost polyurethane foam into the cavities, giving added thermal–acoustic insulation, or by incorporating a more structural core with greater thickness and higher density, by which the free span of the sandwich panel can be increased.     

外接平板型金属夹层结构连接构件极限强度分析

激光焊接钢质夹层结构在国外已用于实船,其连接形式是亟待解决的关键问题之一。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,研究了面内载荷作用下,I型金属夹层结构外接平板型连接构件的失效模式和极限承载能力,以及5种典型初始缺陷的尺寸和连接构件的设计参数对极限载荷的影响规律。结果显示,连接构件较短时,结构失效的主导因素是焊接接头形成了塑性铰;连接构件较长时,主导因素是连接构件失稳。对于各种类型的初始缺陷,随初始缺陷尺寸的增大,极限载荷均降低;连接构件、以及靠近连接构件的夹层面板和夹层腹板的初始缺陷对极限载荷的影响较大。在控制重量的条件下,欲增大极限承载能力,最有效的途径是增大连接构件厚度,并选取合适的连接构件长度。     

Ice impact response and energy dissipation characteristics of PVC foam core sandwich plates: Experimental and numerical study

In this paper, the dynamic responses and energy dissipation characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core sandwich plates under ice impact are investigated. The ice impact tests of PVC foam core sandwich plates were conducted by employing the horizontal impact experimental apparatus. The finite element simulations were conducted to analyze the dynamic response of PVC foam core sandwich plates based on soil and concrete material model for ice impactor. It was demonstrated that numerical results were in good agreement with experimental results. The deformation modes of the top facesheets were coupling of local indentation with global bending deformation, while the deformation modes of bottom facesheets were overall bending deformation. The permanent deformation of face sheets show that the impact resistance of sandwich plate is better than that of equivalent weight hull plate (EWHP). In addition, based on the actual navigation environment of ship, the effect of impact angle and ice floe shape on dynamic response and energy dissipation are analyzed.     

船舶轻量化T型连接结构设计及强度试验

文章从船舶轻量化的角度出发,提出了一种由复合材料夹芯板和增强泡沫胶接而成的新型T型连接结构,解决了船舶复合材料上层建筑内部壁板之间的连接问题。基于复合材料结构的设计原理和力学特性,设计了T型连接结构的拉伸试验和压缩试验,研究其在不同载况下的极限承载和损伤模式,证明T型连接损伤模式复杂,抗拉能力弱,尤其面板与腹板连接区的胶层是承载薄弱环节;依据试验结果验证数值计算方法,并规划3条技术路径以研究T型连接的抗拉特性,应用数值方法提取对应技术路径的应力和位移特征量,分析T型连接面板与腹板连接区的胶层几何参数对抗拉强度和重量的响应规律,获得连接区胶层几何夹角的建议取值为45°~60°,为复合材料船舶轻量化胶接结构的优化设计和实际应用提供了有益参考。     

Y型激光焊接夹层板抗爆性能分析

金属基折叠式夹层板具有优良的抗冲击性能,Y型激光焊接夹层板(Y-LASCOR)作为其中一种新型结构,需对其抗爆性能进行分析研究.本文基于非线性有限元软件MSC.Dytran开展水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下Y-LASCOR的抗爆性能研究,并在此基础上研究Y-LASCOR的主要尺寸参数对其抗爆性能的影响.研究结果表明,Y-LASCOR在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下,下面板发生膜拉伸变形,夹芯层发生压皱变形,对上面板起到缓冲作用,降低了上面板的损伤变形,改善了结构吸能效率,表现出了优良的抗爆性能;上、下面板厚度t(l),tb和夹芯壁厚tc在一定范围内可以有效改善Y-LASCOR的抗爆性能;夹芯层高度H对结构抗爆性能的影响不大.     

冲击毁伤载荷作用下新型舰船舱壁结构型式研究

本文对高速破片与冲击波载荷联合作用下典型舰船舱壁结构的动态响应过程进行数值模拟研究.基于结构吸能和破片平均剩余速度的评判标准,对比分析3种新型夹芯板双层舱壁(I型、X型、V型)抗冲击毁伤特性.研究结果表明,在相同高速破片与冲击波载荷联合作用下,破片穿透V型夹芯板双层舱壁结构的平均剩余速度最小,并且V型夹芯板结构吸能最多;3种新型夹芯板舱壁结构抗冲击性能均强于典型单层舱壁结构.     

基于模型试验与三维水弹性理论的船舶波激振动响应研究

船体波激振动使得船体结构中产生高频、持续和具有一定幅值的振动应力,可能引起结构发生严重的疲劳损伤,因而对船舶结构的安全性带来严峻的挑战。文章以一艘大型LNG船为研究对象,采用三维线性水弹性理论与水池模型试验方法对船舶波激振动响应进行了比较分析,研究了规则波与不规则波中的波激振动特性。改变该LNG船的刚度,并保持船型、重量分布等其它主船体特征不变,在模型试验和理论计算中探讨了刚度对波激振动的影响。通过两种刚度船体梁的模型试验与理论计算结果的比较分析,给出了波浪周期和船体刚度的变化对波激振动影响的几点结论。     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

大型核电厚壁结构X射线衍射法残余应力测试

采用X射线衍射法（ XRD）对大型核电厚壁结构堆芯板端面、堆芯板与吊篮筒体环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力进行无损测量。研究堆芯板端面、环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力的分布情况及变化规律。结果表明：堆芯板焊前残余应力主要是机加工应力,且焊接过程对其残余应力影响不大;1＃和2＃堆芯板环焊缝轴向残余应力分布趋势明显,呈现焊缝为压应力,母材为拉应力;测试的环向应力在各区域分布不一致;焊接对远离焊缝区域的应力没有影响,远离焊缝区域呈现较大的加工应力。     

Strength of ship plates under combined loading

Strength of ship plates plays a significant role in the ultimate strength analysis of ship structures. In recent years several authors have proposed simplified analytical methods to calculate the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. The majority of these investigations deal with plates subjected to longitudinal compression only. For real ship structural plating, the most general loading case is a combination of longitudinal stress, transverse stress, shear stress and lateral pressure. In this paper, the simplified analytical method is generalized to deal with such combined load cases. The obtained results indicate that the simplified analytical method is able to determine the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with imperfections in the form of welding-induced residual stresses and geometric deflections subjected to combined loads. Comparisons with experimental results show that the procedure has sufficient accuracy for practical applications in design.     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.     

含损伤加筋板结构声辐射阻尼变异研究

从能量耗散角度提出了结构声辐射阻尼的有关概念,考虑到辐射阻尼的特性,文章采用结构振动时耗散能量与振动总能量的比来建立辐射阻尼的数学模型,并用数值计算的方法研究简支板结构的声辐射阻尼特性.在研究结构损伤对声辐射阻尼影响的时候,以加筋板结构为例,计算结构不同损伤情况下的声辐射阻尼.基于Mindlin理论,建立描述健康和损伤的四结点有限元板壳单元模型,采用有限元方法计算结构表面动力响应.各向同性损伤单元,采取刚度各向整体弱化的方法分析;对于各向异性损伤单元,采用Kachanov理论,引入了x和y两个方向的弹性损伤折减系数.考虑到不同损伤存在形式,计算分析了损伤对声辐射阻尼的影响.文章建立了一种含损结构的分析方法,通过对一些典型算例分析,在评价损伤对船舶与海洋结构物常用的加筋结构声辐射特性影响方面做出了一定的探索.     

蜂窝夹层板的优化设计分析

夹层板结构是近代发展起来的一种比较先进的结构形式,具有比强度高、比刚度大等特点。为优化夹层板的抗冲击性能,以某船底部板架单元为基础,在保证夹层板总质量和主尺寸与原板架相同的前提下,建立4组六棱柱蜂窝夹层板模型,其中每组夹层板的夹层质量各不相同。首先利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟夹层板在冲击波载荷作用下的响应,对比夹层板的结构损伤并筛选出每组中结构损伤最小的夹层板板型,然后从能量吸收的角度分析夹层板的抗爆抗冲击性能,得到一种优化的夹层板模型。     

船舶主推进系统冲击研究

舰船推进轴系是舰船动力装置的重要组成部分,它的稳定性是舰船生命力的基本保证.文章以舰船主推进轴系为研究对象,考虑了在外冲击作用下转速对于转轴冲击响应的影响.还考虑了横向运动与转动耦合作用,采用多体动力学的方法建模,导出以非线性偏微分方程描述的舰船主推进轴的动力学方程,并用经典理论对其进行离散,最后采用龙格-库塔法进行数值仿真.实例分析指出转速对于转轴冲击响应的影响不可忽略.     

初应力状态下夹芯复合材料曲梁面板的局部振动的理论分析

在船舶领域,以复合材料层合面板及泡沫芯材组成的夹芯复合材料板梁结构已大量应用在游艇及复合材料高速艇上.文章研究了受初始静载荷作用下夹芯复合材料曲梁的面板的局部自由振动问题,并给出一种相应的理论分析方法.文中通过将芯材简化为Winkler弹性地基,将面板简化为一复合材料曲梁,从而使所研究问题蜕化为有初始静载荷作用下弹性地基上任意曲梁的固有振动问题.在局部振动位移是基于初始静载平衡位置并与初始位移相比是小量的假定的基础上,根据能量原理推导出面板的运动方程.研究的结果表明,该面板的局部振动不只取决于面板的弯曲刚度和长度,以及芯材的弹性刚度,也在很大程度上取决于梁的曲率及面板所受到的初始轴向压力.