碎石桩在既有公路软土路基加固中的应用

碎石桩复合地基是一种新型软土地基处理技术。简要介绍了碎石桩加固机理及其沉降计算方法,并依托安徽某二级公路大修工程设立碎石桩试验段,在既有公路基础上直接对软土路基进行碎石桩处理试验,通过对处理路基的静荷载试验和沉降监测,验证了碎石桩处理既有公路软土路基的加固效果,得到了其变形发展规律,为类似的碎石桩加固既有公路路基工程提供了有力依据。     

软土地层盾构隧道长期沉降离心试验研究

目前建设于软土地区的盾构隧道在长期服役过程中出现了较大的沉降及差异沉降,影响了管片的结构性能及运营安全。为研究软土地层中盾构隧道长期沉降规律,文章以佛山市轨道交通3号线为工程背景,通过离心模型试验研究盾构隧道在不同厚度的软土地层中长期沉降的发展规律以及隧道周边地基土加固对长期沉降的影响。结果表明:隧道下卧土层性质越差且厚度越大,隧道的长期沉降量越大,长期沉降发展时间越长;同时,隧道埋深较大也会使长期沉降量增大;隧道长期沉降和地表变形都会随地基土加固深度的增加而减小,但减小幅度会逐渐降低,加固深度为3 m,6 m和穿透软弱层时,隧道最终沉降量分别减少了16.7%,30.2%和41.3%,隧道正上方地表变形分别减小了25.4%,44.9%和66.3%。     

软土地层小半径盾构隧道下穿在建高铁地基加固效果研究

以福州地铁5号线盾构下穿在建福厦高铁为工程背景,针对软土地层小半径曲线盾构隧道下穿高铁高填方路基交叉施工工程的特殊性,利用现场监测数据对交叉施工全过程展开分析,研究该类工程地基加固效果及施工变形规律。结果表明,该工程若采用预应力混凝土管桩进行地基加固,后期地铁盾构施工不具备施工条件,需施作桩板结构进行地基处理;采用桩板结构对软土区域进行加固处理后,实测数据中最大地表沉降量为5.6 mm,为地表沉降控制值的18.67%,在可控范围内;提前进行地基加固后,当盾构隧道下穿施工时,路基不同位置处仅发生微小沉降,说明桩板结构加固对交叉施工变形有很好的控制效果;随着路基填筑高度增大,各层土压力值整体呈增大趋势,各层土压力变化速率呈“双峰曲线”,路基中间位置的土压力值比靠近两侧的土压力值大;盾构隧道下穿前,桩板结构混凝土支撑轴力的变化大致可分为“线性增长—过渡—再增长—稳定”4个阶段,当盾构下穿后,混凝土支撑轴力有小幅增大,后期逐渐趋于稳定。从监测数据分析可以看出,桩板结构的加固效果显著。     

海岸富淤泥质土地区海堤修复监测分析

海堤下赋存有大量淤泥质土的堤坝修复工程,会由于淤泥质土的复杂沉降导致海堤的倾斜、开裂甚至垮塌。为了有效地避免该类病害的发生,文章基于某海堤加固修复工程,提出了在海堤修复全过程及竣工后开展二维横、纵向位移及海堤地基倾斜度监测的方法,并将海堤的变形规律反馈到施工部门,及时调整施工的交互加固方案。研究表明：海堤施工过程中其横、纵向变形均表现为加固段中间大、两端少的特征,且前期的变形速率明显大于后期。该方法对实例工程的施工指导效果明显,可为相似工程提供借鉴。     

软土地基上不同建设形式的路基变形规律分析

为研究软土地基公路新建及拓宽过程的路基变形规律,建立数值计算模型,系统分析了一次性新建窄路基、一次性新建宽路基及拓宽型宽路基3种路基建设形式对路基变形规律的影响,结果表明：（1）新建窄路基拓建后的宽路基会导致老路基坡脚处侧向变形向内发展及路肩地基下沉的工程病害;（2）新建宽路基地基表面沉降曲线形态由“W”向“U”转变,而拓宽路基地基沉降变形曲线由“W”向“U”至“W”转变;并且软土地基的固结过程和新老路基之间在作用时将造成地基产生沉降;（3）不同路基建设形式导致的地基总沉降变形峰值基本相同,但成型方式对施工沉降及工后沉降的影响较大。     

软土地区盾构穿越待改建老旧大堤的变形控制研究

针对国内深厚软土地区盾构下穿改扩建堤坝变形安全控制问题,文章依托上海某典型软土盾构隧道下穿待改扩建堤坝工程,通过对比不同加固方式确定了真空联合堆载预压加固法,现场实测了真空联合堆载预压加固堤坝期间地层变形和孔压变化规律以及盾构下穿期间改扩建堤坝表层变形和隧道自身变形。结果表明:采用真空联合堆载预压加固方法可较好地控制盾构下穿改扩建堤坝的施工风险,真空联合堆载预压法对常规埋深盾构隧道下方约2倍盾构直径范围内的软土有加固效果,双曲线经验法能较好预测软土地区老旧大堤预压加固作用下的地基沉降,盾构穿越预压加固的大堤引发的固结变形沉降较小。     

粉喷桩复合地基的加固效果分析

文章针对软土地基公路扩建的特殊工程特性,提出了粉喷桩加固处理地基的方法,阐述了粉喷桩复合地基的参数选择、计算方法及模型建立,并对比分析了不同加固深度、不同置换率的粉喷桩对扩建高速公路软土地基变形的影响。     

砾石挤密桩在软基处理中的应用

砾石挤密桩法作为常见的软土地基加固处理方法,可有效控制软土地基施工时产生的不均匀沉降,避免坍塌,在施工工程中应用较为广泛。鉴于此,通过分析砾石挤密桩技术的原理及地基要求,以鹰瑞高速公路某高填方路段地基加固处理为例,详细介绍了砾石挤密桩技术的设计过程、具体应用、质量控制及检测方法,以有效保证施工质量。     

CFG桩复合地基处理桥头深厚软基的沉降变形分析

文章以广西某桥南岸向路桥过渡段为工程背景,采用ABAQUS有限元软件分析手段,对CFG桩复合地基处理软弱桥头深厚基础的沉降变形进行了系统分析,研究了褥垫层厚度、褥垫层模量、桩体模量、桩间距以及桩长等多种因素影响下的沉降变形规律,模拟分析得到的地基处置效果和沉降变形规律可为实际工程的方案选择优化提供理论借鉴。     

CFG桩处治软土地基效果分析

针对公路软土地基CFG桩加固问题,文章依托实际工程,根据施工现场地质情况确定CFG桩软基加固施工参数,制定了加固方案,并在完工后进行静载试验和沉降监测分析。结果表明,地基承载力满足设计要求,路基水平位移和工后沉降逐步达到稳定,说明路基稳定性良好,达到了预期的加固效果。     

路基沉降变形预测方法及应用实例分析

对路基沉降变形的计算和预测方法中的双曲线预测模型及原理进行介绍,结合浙江某高速公路路基沉降变形预测的实例进行分析,实测数据与相对应的预测曲线吻合度较好,客观地反映了路基沉降的动态发展情况。     

大直径泥水盾构近距离穿越运营地铁隧道的施工控制技术

结合上海大直径泥水平衡盾构首次在承压水砂性地层中近距离穿越运营地铁隧道的工程实例,介绍了近距离穿越过程中被穿越隧道的沉降变化规律,分析了各施工参数对隧道变形的影响,总结了工程中出现的问题及应对措施,供同类工程参考。     

西部某高速公路土石混合路堤离心模型试验研究

离心模型试验由于可直观的模拟自重应力场,在工程建设中起到越来越重要的作用。文章结合西部交通建设科技项目和某高速公路工程建设,利用离心模型试验研究了土石混合路堤在不同设计干密度和含水量条件下的沉降变形特征。     

黄土地区地铁隧道不同湿陷变形方式模型试验系统的研制及应用研究

为研究不同湿陷变形方式下黄土地区地铁隧道周围土体的沉降量变化规律,研制出一种测量黄土在均匀湿陷、不均匀湿陷时沉降量的模型试验装置。该装置由模型箱、流速控制系统和沉降量测量系统组成。通过室内模型试验对黄土在遇水后的湿陷变形规律进行总结,并对黄土地层在两种不同浸水方式下隧道围岩土体的变形规律进行分析。试验结果表明:不均匀湿陷最终累计沉降量大于均匀湿陷最终累计沉降量,说明不均匀湿陷对地铁结构物的危害更大;两种湿陷变形方式均为隧道中线附近沉降最大,因此,施工时应该重点加强隧道中线的位移监测。通过室内模型试验,分析了均匀与不均匀湿陷对黄土地铁隧道变形影响,研究结果对湿陷性黄土地区地铁隧道建设中施工把控及灾害规避具有重要意义。     

砂砾地层电力顶管施工引起的地面变形研究

文章针对砂砾地层电力顶管施工引起的地面变形开展研究。首先,基于现有散粒土的沉降理论计算公式,进行某砂砾地层电力隧道顶管施工引起地面变形的理论计算和分析;其次,通过理论分析和现场实测,得到砂砾地层顶管施工引起的地面变形规律;最后,在现有理论计算公式和监测数据的基础上,利用规划求解,提出适用于砂砾地层顶管施工引起地面变形的沉降槽宽度系数计算公式。研究结果表明,土体损失是引起地面沉降的主要影响因素,沉降计算时必须考虑土体损失在顶进过程中的动态变化;修正沉降槽宽度系数计算公式能够较好地适用于砂砾地层中顶管施工引起的地面沉降计算。     

Study of the Settlement Control of Deformation Joints of Tunnels Passing Closely under the Existing Station北大核心CSCD

The newly-built tunnel passing closely under the existing station will inevitably lead to settlement of the existing station, and especially deformation joints are prone to differential settlement. Based on the Suzhoujie Station of Beijing Subway Line 16 passing closely under the existing Line 10, this paper analyzes the overall settlement of the existing station and the differential settlement at deformation joints through a combination of field measurement and numerical simulation. The study results show that installing jacks significantly prevents the settlement of the existing station, after installation of jacks the settlement of the existing station is reduced by about 58%, and the jacking force of the jack shall be controlled between 180-450 t; the impact of construction on the single-deck station structure side at deformation joints is greater than that on the double-deck station structure side, the stress on the socket is gradually increased with the excavation of the lower tunnel, and reduced after installation of jacks, indicating that the jack can effectively reduce the tensile stress of the existing station and maintain the safety of the existing station; with the action of the jacking force of jacks, the settlement curve of the existing station presents a stepwise change at the jack installation points, while the upper ground surface settlement is relatively uniform. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

松散地层浅埋水工隧洞现场监测试验研究

在北京市南水北调配套工程南干渠工程试验段工程实践中,对松散土层浅埋水工隧洞施工中地层沉降进行了现场监控量测.文章基于监测结果,分析了该隧洞地层的变形特点,指出了松散土层中浅埋暗挖隧洞地层的变形规律,以及开挖影响的时空范围.研究分析的方法和结论可为类似条件下隧洞工程的设计、施工、监测和进一步的理论研究提供参考和借鉴.     

大直径盾构隧道穿越建筑物群变形分析与控制措施北大核心CSCD

大直径盾构隧道掘进施工对土体造成扰动,导致地表产生沉降或隆起,继而严重威胁上部建筑物群的结构安全。文章依托某大直径盾构隧道穿越老旧小区密集建筑物群工程,首先利用二维有限元软件计算关键断面房屋的沉降变形,再对比三维有限元软件的计算结果,分析两种计算方法的适用范围;然后基于三维模型探究了不同初期荷载释放率对盾构穿越引起的地表和房屋变形的影响,最后利用Peck公式计算的理论地表沉降数据,梳理初期荷载释放率、地表沉降、地层损失率三者的内部联系并提出了控制变形的相关措施。研究结果表明,初期荷载释放率越小,地表及房屋沉降也越小,对应的地层损失也越小;对于控制地表变形,减小荷载释放率等同于减小地层损失率;初期荷载释放率、地表沉降、地层损失率这三者减小的量值呈线性关系。     

Analysis of the Stability of the Shield Tunnel Excavation Face Considering Fluid-Solid Coupling Effect北大核心CSCD

In order to study the impacts of the transient seepage on the stability of tunnel excavation face during the installation of lining segments, the fluid-solid coupling effect based numerical model of the tunnel excavation face was developed by the finite element software PLAXIS. With adoption of the variablecontrolling approach, the influences of the depth/diameter ratio (the ratio of the buried depth to diameter of the tunnel) and the support pressure ratio (the ratio of the face support pressure to water and soil pressures ahead of the excavation face) on the face stability and ground settlement were investigated, respectively. At same time, the failure modes of the excavation face under the fluid-solid coupling analysis were also discussed. The results show that:1) the transient seepage leads to the development of the soil arching at the front of the excavation face, in which the smaller deformation at the excavation face is achieved, and so less support pressure for the face stability is allowed. While for the plastic analysis without taking into account the effect of transient seepage, a higher support pressure is required to maintain the stability of the excavation face; 2) in the fluid-solid coupling analysis, the depth/diameter ratio has less impacts on the stability of the excavation surface, but has larger impacts on the ground settlement. The larger the depth/diameter ratio, the larger the ground surface settlement and the settlement profile; 3) however, with the combination of the decrease of the support pressure and the impact of transient seepage on the settlement of ground surface, the soil arching effect in front of the excavation face is gradually reduced. The deformation zone at the ground surface is then connected with the deformed part ahead of the tunnel face to form a wedge-shaped soil sliding zone. It is also observed that the wedge-shaped body tends to have a larger funnel-shaped failure mode than that in the plastic analysis without considering the transient seepage. The results show that the transient seepage has a great impact on the stability of tunnel excavation face in the soil condition with high permeability ratio. The fluid-solid coupling analysis should be adopted to evaluate the deformation of excavation face and ground settlement. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Study of Controlling Measures for Existing Railway Deformation Caused by Metro Shield Tunnel Under-passing Construction北大核心CSCD

Based on the background of the first phase project of the R3 line of Jinan Rail Transit, and in view of the metro shield tunnel passing under the existing railway bridge and subgrade, this paper uses Abaqus to establish a numerical model to simulate the deformation of the existing bridge and subgrade of the Jiaoji railway line under the two conditions of non-active reinforcement and reinforcement. The results show that under the condition of no reinforcement, the maximum settlement of the top bridge on the pier is -5.88 mm, and the maximum settlement difference is 5.16 mm, which exceed the deformation control requirements of the 5 mm regarding the bridge pier of the railway with ballast track. The maximum lateral displacement and longitudinal displacement of the pier are 0.28 mm and -3.01 mm, respectively. After the reinforcement measures of the bored piles are adopted, the maximum settlement of the top bridge on the pier is -1.71 mm, and the maximum settlement difference is 1.16 mm, which fully meet the bridge pier deformation control standard. The maximum lateral displacement and longitudinal maximum displacement are -0.245 mm and -2.83 mm, respectively, which meet the requirements of the control standard. The vertical settlement of the railway subgrade is relatively small. The maximum settlement values under the two working conditions are -12.31 mm and -11.97 mm, respectively, which meet the subgrade settlement control requirement of 20 mm. It is proved that the reinforcement effect of the bored pile is good, and the reinforcement scheme is safe and feasible. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.