NSGA-II在发动机尾气排放多目标 优化问题中的应用

空气污染和全球变暖问题逐步恶化,全球能源紧缺和环境污染带来严峻形式逐渐进入人们的视野,探索NSGA-Ⅱ在发动机尾气排放多目标优化问题中的应用以应对各国日渐严格的燃油消耗政策和汽车排放法规。文章对双燃料(柴油和富氢压缩甲烷)反应性控制的压缩着火(RCCI)系统进行优化,建立数学模型,将发动机排放和性能特性对发动机负荷、发动机转速、当量比和燃料百分比等因素的响应进行关联。最后,利用所建立的模型和NSGA-Ⅱ(非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ)方法,对各因素进行了优化。用NSGA-Ⅱ法优化发动机参数的结果令人满意,并提出了不同试验条件下的帕累托前沿。研究结果表明,在使用双燃料发动机,可用数值模拟和分析来优化发动机的运行参数,从而减少污染物排放,达到双燃料(柴油和富氢压缩甲烷)反应性控制的压缩着火(RCCI)点火在不同负荷下一氧化碳和氮氧化物的排放是双燃料发动机优化问题的改进。     

马自达展出由SKYACTIV-X汽油火花控制压缩点火发动机驱动的概念车

正在2017东京车展上展出的产品中,马自达汽车公司将推出一款由最近发布的SKYACTIV-X汽油火花控制压缩点火发动机驱动的新概念车型。针对该SKYACTIV-X发动机,马自达声称已经开发出一种用于HCCI(译者注:均质充量压缩点火)燃烧的新型控制系统,将HCCI范围扩展到负载图更大的百分比。马自达的火花控制压缩点火(SPCCI)的精髓是使用通过火花点火作为第二活塞("空气活塞")进行膨胀的球     

新品上市

Evil V-manage点火强化系统点火的原理是当活塞进行压缩行程时,透过电磁感应,电脑会下达指令,使高压线圈运动,将原本12伏的电压升压,使火花塞跳火(火花星点燃混合气体燃烧),发动机会从压缩行程进入动力行程,这就是所谓的火花点火。换句话说,如果我们提升点火效率,那么燃油就容易完全燃烧,发动机效率就能提升,同时还能降低油耗。     

汽油发动机点火提前装置的控制原理

汽油发动机从开始点火(即火花塞跳火)到该缸活塞运行到上止点位置这段时间所对应的发动机曲轴转角称为点火提前角。因为混合气在气缸内从开始点燃到完全燃烧需要一定的时间,设置适当点火提前角的目的就是在压缩行程接近终了时为火焰中心的形成预留时间,以便活塞在到达上止点时,     

电热塞

柴油发动机的点火方式与汽油发动机不同,它是依靠压燃点火,即柴油发动机具有相当高的压缩此,在压缩行程中空气被压缩产生热量使喷入气缸中的油雾燃烧产生动力。因此从起动性能来讲,柴油发动机要比汽油发动机差些,特别是在冬季气温较低的情况下柴油发动机的起动就更为困难。为了     

增压式火花点燃发动机中产生的低速提前点火机理

在低速、高负荷工况下,小型增压式火花点燃发动机会发生低速提前点火(LSPI)的异常燃烧现象。为了研究压缩时间对单一机油油滴自燃的影响,了解油滴自燃引起燃料-空气混合燃烧的条件,利用单缸发动机进行了试验,以验证机油油滴自燃LSPI的关系机理。结果表明,随着压缩时间延长,120℃以下的机油油滴发生自燃,而汽油-空气混合中无论是否含有机油油滴均发生自燃。     

发动机冷起动和暖机工况失火故障诊断

1发动机失火概述 发动机失火是指“点燃式发动机由于没有点火、燃油计量不准、压缩压力太低或其他原因导致气缸内混合气不能燃烧,就车载诊断（OBD）系统检测而言,是指失火次数占总点火次数的百分比”。     

读编往来

何为爆震请问摩托车发动机爆震是什么意思?是如何产生的?(泰山二者)所谓爆震,简单讲就是当混合气尚处在压缩过程中,火花塞还没有跳火时,高压混合气就达到了自燃温度,并开始猛烈燃烧的不正常现象。爆震现象主要由点火角调校过大,发动机过度积碳,发动机温度过高,空燃比不正确和燃油辛烷值过低造成。与正常燃烧相比,爆震时混合气压缩程度及燃烧速度都超出以往,产生高温和高压,同时伴随燃烧现象。     

点火方案对摩托车发动机燃烧特性的影响

为了提高摩托车发动机的热效率,研究不同的点火方案对发动机燃烧特性的影响,基于宗申DB133发动机初步提出了5种点火方案,搭建了燃烧特性测试系统.试验针对单双火花塞及不同点火提前角曲线组合,通过燃烧压力、压力升高率、燃烧放热率、循环变动率、平均有效压力指标以及爆震的对比得出:同为双火花塞不同的点火提前角曲线,如果点火提前...     

摩托车稀薄燃烧高能点火系统的关键技术和性能

在国际著名投资公司IDG的资金支持下,稀薄燃烧摩托车技术(北京)有限公司依靠自身的技术力量,自主研发出又一摩托车高科技产品——稀薄燃烧高能数字点火系统。稀薄燃烧高能数字点火系统有2方面的含义：一是高能点火,二是数字点火。高能点火,顾名思义就是发动机点火的能量更高,其主要优点：1)点火能量提高,有利于改善摩托车的起动性和怠速稳定性,特别是改善了摩托车的低温冷起动性能,可在-20℃环境下“一触即发”。这对于寒冷地区使用的摩托车来说,具有非常重要的意义。2)点火能量提高,有利于可燃混合气体充分燃烧,从而提高了发动机的动力,节省了燃油,降低了排放。3)点火能量提高,发动机能适应较为稀薄的油气混合状态,这对于高     

Predicting auto-ignition characteristics of RCCI combustion using a multi-zone model

The objective of new combustion concepts is to meet emission standards by improving fuel air mixing prior to ignition. Since there is no overlap between injection and ignition, combustion is governed mainly by chemical kinetics and it is challenging to control the phasing of ignition. Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion aims to control combustion phasing by altering the fuel ratios of the high- and low octane fuel and injection timings. In this study the dual fuel blend is prepared with gasoline and diesel fuels. The applied injection timings of the diesel are very early (90 to 60° CA bTDC). In the detailed reaction mechanism, n-heptane and iso-octane represent diesel and gasoline fuel, respectively. A multi-zone model approach is implemented to perform RCCI combustion simulation. Ignition characteristics are analyzed by using CA50 as the main parameter. In the experiments for the early direct injection (DI) timing advancing the injection time results in a later ignition. Qualitatively, the trend effect of the diesel injection timing and the effect of the ratio gasoline/diesel are captured accurately by the multi-zone model.     

Reduction of emissions with propane addition to a diesel engine

Recent studies on dual-fuel combustion in compression-ignition (CI) engines, also known as diesel engines, fall into two categories. In the first category are studies focused on the addition of small amounts of gaseous fuel to CI engines. In these studies, gaseous fuel is regarded as a secondary fuel and diesel fuel is regarded as the main fuel for combustion. The objectives of these studies typically involve reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions by using gaseous fuel as a partial substitution for diesel fuel. However, the addition of gaseous fuel raises the combustion temperature, which increases emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x). In the second category are studies focused on reactivity-controlled compression-ignition (RCCI) combustion. RCCI combustion can be implemented by early diesel injection with a large amount of low-reactivity fuel such as gasoline or gaseous fuel. Although RCCI combustion promises lower NO_x and PM emissions and higher thermal efficiency than conventional diesel combustion, it requires a higher intake pressure (usually more than 1.7 bars) to maintain a lean fuel mixture. Therefore, in this study, practical applications of dual-fuel combustion with a low air-fuel ratio (AFR), which implies a low intake pressure, were systemically evaluated using propane in a diesel engine. The characteristics of dualfuel combustion for high and low AFRs were first evaluated. The proportion of propane used for four different operating conditions was then increased to decrease emissions and to identify the optimal condition for dual-fuel combustion. Although the four operating conditions differ, the AFR was maintained at 20 (? approximately equal to 0.72) and the 50% mass fraction burned (MFB 50) was also fixed. The results show that dual-fuel combustion can reduce NO_x and PM emissions in comparison to conventional diesel combustion.     

内燃机微波点火研究进展综述

综述了国内外运用于内燃机的微波点火的研究现状和技术特点,将微波点火主要分为3类,即微波谐振炬点火(Microwave resonator Torch Ignition,MTI)、微波辐射空间点火(Microwave radiation Space Ignition,MSI)、微波等离子体助燃(Microwave plasma Assisted Ignition,MAI),并介绍了微波点火可能的着火燃烧机制。指出微波点火有可能大幅拓展发动机稀燃极限,相对传统火花点火有显著的节能和减排潜力。     

激光诱导火花点火的现象学研究

从激光诱导火花点火的过程出发,分析了激光诱导火花点火和激光击穿对激光器性能参数要求的不同,讨论了环境压力、温度、空燃比和气流流速等对激光最小点火能量的影响以及激光诱导火花点火技术对燃烧过程的影响.混合气浓度在当量比为1附近,激光诱导火花点火所需的最小点火能量较小,但随当量比的减小而增大,在稀燃界限附近最小点火能量迅速上...     

气相射流点火天然气发动机的燃烧及排放特性

射流点火是实现稳定的稀薄燃烧,大幅度提升发动机热效率的有效技术途径。该文利用设计的一种射流点火器,对气相射流点火(GJI)的燃烧开展研究,揭示了主动式射流点火(射流室内有补充燃料)和被动式射流点火(射流室内无补充燃料)的燃烧和排放特性。结果表明:相比于被动式射流点火,主动式射流点火将过量空气系数拓展至2.0,热效率提升1.5%;进一步引入废气再循环(EGR)后,热效率提升至44.5%。主动式射流点火时,最高热效率点NOx排放较被动式射流点火下降低66%,THC及CO排放的增加使燃烧效率降低3%;引入EGR后,NOx进一步降低79%,燃烧效率保持稳定在96%。     

HCCI combustion characteristics during operation on DME and methane fuels

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine has attracted much interest because it can simultaneously achieve high efficiency and low emissions. However, the ignition timing is difficult to control because this engine has no physical ignition mechanism. In addition, combustion proceeds very rapidly because the premixed mixture ignites simultaneously at multiple locations in the cylinder, making it difficult to increase the operating load. In this study, an HCCI engine was operated using blended test fuels comprised of dimethyl ether (DME) and methane, each of which have different ignition characteristics. The effects of mixing ratios and absolute quantities of the two types of fuel on the ignition timing and rapidity of combustion were investigated. Cool flame reaction behavior, which significantly influences the ignition, was also analyzed in detail on the basis of in-cylinder spectroscopic measurements. The experimental results revealed that within the range of the experimental conditions used in this study, the quantity of DME supplied substantially influenced the ignition timing, whereas there was little observed effect from the quantity of methane supplied. Spectroscopic measurements of the behavior of a substance corresponding to HCHO also indicated that the quantity of DME supplied significantly influenced the cool flame behavior. However, the rapidity of combustion could not be controlled even by varying the mixing ratios of DME and methane. It was made clear that changes in the ignition timing substantially influence the rapidity of combustion.     

内燃机微波协助点火研究发展综述

稀薄燃烧是能够大幅度提高内燃机热效率和降低内燃机排放的最有潜力的技术之一。针对稀薄燃烧面临的点火困难、燃烧不稳定等问题,综述了一种新型内燃机点火方式———微波协助点火技术,主要介绍了国内外微波协助点火技术的发动机台架试验研究、定容弹试验研究和点火机理等方面的研究,并指出微波协助点火这一技术能在无需改变内燃机现有结构的前提下大幅提高内燃机的燃烧稀限,对于改善汽油机或天然气发动机的稀薄燃烧性能具有巨大的应用潜力。     

二冲程微型摆式内燃机点火模块的研制

以一种新型二冲程微型摆式内燃机(二冲程MFPSE)项目为背景,设计了样机点火模块。二冲程MF-PSE中心摆位置由光电编码器的反馈信号得到,点火程序通过判断中心摆的位置来决定是否点火。通过试验验证,设计的点火模块除点火电压上升时间稍长以外,其他指标接近或优于高能点火系统,能够满足二冲程MFPSE对点火的要求,为样机的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

甲醇—异辛烷混合燃料滞燃期研究

对Curran的异辛烷详细化学动力学机理和Li的甲醇化学动力学机理进行了甲醇着火滞燃期特性对比研究,发现Curran异辛烷机理基本能反映甲醇的自燃着火过程。基于此,利用Curran异辛烷机理对甲醇—异辛烷混合燃料在初始温度为600 K~1 600 K、压力为1.0 MPa~4.0 MPa、当量比为0.3~1.5范围内的着火滞燃期特性进行了计算研究,分析燃料特性和初始条件对混合燃料滞燃期的影响。结果表明,初始温度对甲醇—异辛烷混合燃料的滞燃期影响较大,当初始温度增加时,滞燃期大幅缩短;部分掺醇混合燃料(掺醇率低于25%)中甲醇含量对燃料滞燃期的影响因温度范围的不同而不同,在850 K以下甲醇比率增加使混合燃料滞燃期延长,在850 K以上甲醇比率增加使其滞燃期缩短。     

摩托车用数字式CDI点火器

根据点火储能元件的不同，点火器主要有电容充放电点火（ＣＤＩ）和晶体管点火（ＴＣＩ）两种类型。介绍了摩托车用数字式ＣＤＩ的工作原理及软、硬件结构。其突出的优点在于能够根据预先给定的进角曲线对发动机点火提前角进行精确控制，从而使发动机在各种工作转速范围内均能够达到最佳性能。