汽轮机断裂叶片检测与失效原因分析

对发生断裂的汽轮机叶片材料进行了理化检验,主要包括化学成分、材料组织、夹杂物、力学性能等,分析了叶片断口的宏观、微观形貌。根据检测结果,叶片材料性能满足标准要求,其失效模式为疲劳产生的断裂。     

内环加强管节点疲劳性能研究

本文对无加强和内环加强管节点的应力分布、应力集中系数和疲劳性能进行了试验研究和理论分析。研究结果表明，内环加强能大幅度降低管节点的应力集中系数，改善应力分布状况，并能较大地提高管节点的疲劳寿命。应力集中系数降低的幅度和疲劳寿命提高的程度与加强环的几何尺度有关。研究结果为改善管节点的疲劳性能及管节点的结构优化提供了理论和实践依据。     

基于未确知AHP的船员疲劳因素定量分析

提出了船员疲劳因素分析的指标体系，建立了基于未确知信息的层次分析模型。基于三值互反标度法及相关变换原则，得到属性判断矩阵，并给出了其一致性检验方法和权系数的简明计算公式，得出了各个子因素对船员疲劳因素的影响系数，为建立科学、合理的评估体系提供了理论支持。     

LR推出冰区船结构疲劳评估新工具

该工具可用于评估冰区加强船舶的设计,以减少船体结构发生疲劳破损的风险。ShipRight FDA ICE评估程序检验内容包括船与冰之间相互作用产生的载荷、冰载荷冲击频率、冰载荷的分布、结构响应和低温下船体结构的疲劳特     

海上风机在三种风载荷作用下的疲劳分析方法研究

文章提出一种基于等效疲劳载荷的快速有效的结构优化设计方法,首先通过bladed模拟得到时域下的风载荷,然后通过雨流计数法则和等效损伤理论得到相应的疲劳载荷谱和等效疲劳载荷,接着以导管架式海上风机为例,利用AN-SYS对其进行三维建模,选取三种典型管节点和两种非管节点,基于热点应力法计算了其在三种风疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳损伤,通过比较三种载荷作用下的疲劳损伤结果,验证了等效疲劳载荷的可靠性.接着又计算了各等效疲劳载荷分量单独作用下的海上风机焊接节点的疲劳损伤,得出各疲劳载荷分量对疲劳总损伤的贡献,可以为设计者提供更好的载荷设计依据.相比于传统的时域疲劳分析方法和疲劳载荷谱方法,等效疲劳载荷方法更加方便有效.     

科里奥利质量流量计疲劳寿命评估的数值分析和试验

为了评估科里奥利质量流量计（CMF）的疲劳寿命，以某新型CMF为研究对象，采用有限元方法对其力学特性和疲劳行为进行分析。在此基础上，设计评估该型CMF疲劳寿命的试验平台，并进行疲劳试验。根据数值分析结果和试验结果获得CMF的位移疲劳寿命计算公式，评估该新型CMF的疲劳寿命，并确认其安全性。研究结果能验证该数值分析和试验方法的可行性和可靠性，有助于提高我国CMF的设计和制造水平。     

RINA推出三个附加船级标志

意大利船级社RINA推出了三个附加船级标志．分别针对疲劳寿命、永久检验通道和压载水处理三个方面，此举主要是为满足更高要求的自主标准船舶。     

二维疲劳裂纹扩展的有限元方法模拟研究

疲劳裂纹扩展率曲线是比S—N曲线更基本的描述金属疲劳特性的曲线。由于实验条件和经费等因素的限制，疲劳裂纹扩展的数据很难获得，因此寻找一种结合有限元方法进行疲劳实验数据模拟，然后使用计算机数学工具进行相关计算分析的方法显得比较现实和具有探索性。本文对现有的一些疲劳分析有限元软件进行了对比，最终选择在国内疲劳研究领域尚未被熟知的FRANCE2D／L软件作为工具，获得二维疲劳裂纹扩展的相关数据。     

海上石油浮式生产系统疲劳校核分析

船体结构的疲劳一直是船体结构的一种重要的损伤现象。特别是高强度钢在船体结构中的广泛使用，使船体结构的疲劳破坏问题更加突出。本文以一艘15万吨浮式生产储油系统(FPSO)为例，根据FPSO自身的结构特点和其特殊的工作状态，详细介绍了对FPSO进行疲劳分析的基本过程，包括FPSO疲劳校核区域的确定，波浪统计预报、主要校核部位的疲劳计算方法和过程。     

用现有疲劳试验数据确定疲劳裂纹扩展率

疲劳寿命的预报在船舶与海洋工程领域中相当重要，但其关键问题是要找到一种较科学的疲劳寿命预报方法。最近，本文第二作者提出了一种海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报的统一方法。该方法是基于疲劳裂纹扩展理论而发展起来的，在其九个参数模型的假设之下，能够较好地解释一些其它方法所不能解释的现象。采用该方法的主要障碍在于需要确定疲劳裂纹扩展率。作者通过对不同的疲劳裂纹扩展率的比较研究，并推广McEvily模型后，提出了一个具有较宽适用范围的九个参数疲劳裂纹扩展率模型(从门槛域一直到不稳定断裂域)。本文的主要目的是解决如何根据一些现有的疲劳试验数据来确定这九个模型参数的问题。文中给出了通过实验数据确定裂纹扩展率模型中各个参数的方法，并进行了模型参数的灵敏度分析。通过对文献中一些试验数据的收集，给出了几种常用金属材料的裂纹扩展率模型参数。     

基于Bootstrap的调距桨装置外油管疲劳寿命评估

调距桨装置外油管焊接处在实际使用过程中面临疲劳断裂问题,通过加速寿命试验方法评估油管疲劳寿命具有重要工程价值。由于内场疲劳试验成本的限制,其试验样本量极少,难以采用一般小子样寿命评估方法进行评估。文章首先采用加速疲劳寿命折算方法将加速试验中的高倍应力的试验数据转换成一倍应力,然后基于Bootstrap理论,对已有的疲劳试验数据样本进行拓展,并在此基础上通过MTALB仿真方法对外油管95%置信度下的疲劳寿命进行评估。为相应油管焊接工艺与结构的改进优化提供重要参考。     

Integrated design optimization of spar floating wind turbines

A linearized aero-hydro-servo-elastic floating wind turbine model is presented and used to perform integrated design optimization of the platform, tower, mooring system, and blade-pitch controller for a 10 MW spar floating wind turbine. Optimal design solutions are found using gradient-based optimization with analytic derivatives, considering both fatigue and extreme response constraints, where the objective function is a weighted combination of system cost and power quality. Optimization results show that local minima exist both in the soft-stiff and stiff-stiff range for the first tower bending mode and that a stiff-stiff tower design is needed to reach a solution that satisfies the fatigue constraints. The optimized platform has a relatively small diameter in the wave zone to limit the wave loads on the structure and an hourglass shape far below the waterline. The shape increases the restoring moment and natural frequency in pitch, which leads to improved behaviour in the low-frequency range. The importance of integrated optimization is shown in the solutions for the tower and blade-pitch control system, which are clearly affected by the simultaneous design of the platform. State-of-the-art nonlinear time-domain analyses show that the linearized model is conservative in general, but reasonably accurate in capturing trends, suggesting that the presented methodology is suitable for preliminary integrated design calculations.     

Design optimization of a TetraSpar-type floater and tower for the IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine

We present an optimization study for the conceptual design of wind turbine floaters of the TetraSpar type. The optimization variables include all geometric dimensions of the floater, keel, mooring lines and tower design. A gradient based optimization method is applied to a mass proportional objective cost function. The objective function accounts for the different weight components of the floater, including secondary steel, the wind turbine tower, and the mooring system. A frequency domain response method is utilized, so that each design evaluation also takes into account the dynamic response for 12 wind speeds with associated wave conditions. Nineteen constraints are applied for static and dynamic response, natural frequencies, and fatigue at the bottom of the tower. Two reference designs are presented, namely one with a soft–stiff tower and one with a stiff–stiff tower. Due to the anti-phase coupling of the floater pitch and tower vibration, the soft–stiff tower needs a stronger floater stiffness in pitch. This design thus has a larger water plane area moment than the more compact stiff–stiff floater, which is found to be the least economical. A constraint analysis is next presented based on Lagrange multipliers and a relative cost index. We find that the strongest cost influence is exerted by the 3P tower frequency constraint for the stiff-stiff and soft-stiff designs. Finally, a third design variant with a free optimizable tower frequency is introduced. This design is found to be 11% cheaper than the soft–stiff design and highlights the potential cost savings of tower designs within the 3P region.     

典型加筋板拉伸疲劳试件设计方法研究

文章以加筋板拉伸疲劳试件设计为例,利用有限元方法对其疲劳试件应力分布情况进行了研究,得到了疲劳试件高应力区域;对影响试件疲劳强度的过渡段面板长度、球头端口结构型式、圆弧半径以及加强方式等主要因素进行了详细研究,提出了疲劳试件设计方法;利用该方法成功地对加筋板疲劳试件进行了优化设计,实现了疲劳试验的主要考核目的,为以后类似疲劳试件设计提供了参考依据。     

Efficient optimization design method of jacket structures for offshore wind turbines

With the gradual implementation of offshore wind energy production, the future tendency is to expand into the deeper water. The jacket foundations will take the place of the present monopile foundations when the water depth increases. The foundations account for the majority of the construction cost for offshore wind farms, and the structural optimization of jackets will bring lucrative economic benefits. Structural optimization is a complex iterative process that requires huge computing costs. Therefore, this paper proposes a structural optimization method based on surrogate models to solve this problem effectively and swiftly obtain optimized design schemes of lightweight jackets for offshore wind turbines. The structural responses of jacket wind turbine systems under the equivalent static extreme loads with a recurrence period of 50 years are mainly considered in structural optimization design, and the key optimization variables of jackets are determined by parameter sensitivity analysis. The finite element models of jackets are transformed into surrogate models, and the genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the surrogate models directly. The optimized jackets are additionally verified through coupled dynamic analysis, besides, buckling strength and fatigue life are also checked. And local refined optimizations are carried out for the failure members. According to the optimized design schemes of lightweight jackets for 30 m, 50 m and 70 m water depths, it is demonstrated that the structural optimization design method is adequate and efficient for jackets of wind turbines. Parameter sensitivity analysis can cut the number of optimization variables in half to improve the optimization efficiency. Furthermore, the application of surrogate models can significantly speed up the optimization process by saving about 98.61% of the original time consumed. The optimization design method of the jackets for offshore wind turbines proposed in this paper is suitable for practical engineering, with high precision and efficiency.     

基于谱分析的FPSB疲劳寿命评估和优化

FPSB是一种新型深远海大型浮式结构物,长期承受交变波浪载荷作用,易发生疲劳而使得结构失效。本文以一艘FPSB为研究对象,使用谱分析法对其疲劳寿命进行了评估。首先建立水动力模型计算波浪载荷响应算子RAO,建立整船结构模型计算船体结构响应,随后选取典型节点建立子模型以得到精确的热点应力传递函数,采用北大西洋海况和P-M海浪谱,基于S-N曲线和线性累积损伤准则对典型节点的疲劳寿命进行计算分析。根据疲劳评估结果,对易损节点进行基于疲劳性能的结构优化,以提高节点形式的合理性及结构安全可靠性。     

双体船大开口角隅节点疲劳强度优化方法研究

与同样吨位的单体船相比,双体船具有更大的甲板面积、更大的舱容。在双体船大开口角隅位置,由于应力集中,更容易引起疲劳损伤的迅速积累。因此,在结构设计中,角隅位置的疲劳强度一直是工程界关心的部分。本文使用谱分析方法研究双体船角隅节点的疲劳强度。在疲劳校核基础上对角隅位置进行优化设计,研究增加板厚和增设肘板对角隅处疲劳强度的影响。在此基础上分析不同优化方法的适用性,为船舶设计与安全性能提供适当的建议。     

大深度载人潜水器疲劳寿命有限元分析

载人潜水器随着使用次数的增加,将有可能导致低周疲劳破坏。为了确保载人潜水器载人球壳的安全性,必须进行载人球壳的低周疲劳寿命分析。潜水器在一些特殊的局部区域是受拉伸应力影响的,开孔处结构的特点和深水压力共同作用就产生了较大的拉应力,因此这些较大的拉伸应力在此部位易引起结构的疲劳裂纹,并且缩短使用寿命。本文首先介绍了基于有限元疲劳寿命的理论基础和分析方法,然后建立载人潜水器有限元分析模型,按极限载荷和载荷谱分别计算出的疲劳寿命,不但可靠度高,而且可以方便地修改计算参数和进行结构优化,提高了计算的准确性和运算效率,极大程度地降低了人工费用。     

基于规范方法的小水线面双体船疲劳强度研究

论文介绍了船舶结构疲劳强度评估基本原理,并对一条2200t级小水线面双体船进行规范法疲劳强度评估。针对小水线面双体船结构特点,采用规范进行疲劳载荷计算;结合全船有限元计算结果进行疲劳部位筛选;采用有限元法提取疲劳部位的热点应力,并计算疲劳部位的累积损伤度。分析计算结果,提出疲劳部位优化方案。