上海港外高桥挖入式港池进口航道航行条件研究

外高桥挖入式港池规划前期论证的关键内容之一是其进口航道航行条件的评估。交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所接受委托,对规划船型的操纵运动方程进行了仔细研究。对规划船型的典型——“冰河”轮作了水动力测定;利用实船试验资料对操纵运动的数学模型进行科学率定;使用本所研制的船舶操纵模拟器对规划拟定的两个港池——外高桥嘴挖入式港池和五号沟挖入式港池的进口航道航行条件进行了比较深入的试验研究。最后,给出了两个港池安全进口的必要条件,为规划部门选定提供了科学依据。     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

载人潜水器潜浮运动的模拟

为了预报中国正在研发的深海载人潜水器的潜浮性能,三自由度的动力学模型被用于仿真它在垂直面内的潜浮运动.作用于潜水器上的水动力系攻角的非线性函数,可用拖曳水池试验加以测定.利用这些试验值,GRNN神经网络方法可以辨识出大攻角范围内的水动力函数.本文通过数值计算结果揭示了其实际的应用.     

基于BP人工神经网络和遗传算法的船舶螺旋桨优化设计

在原有图谱设计方法的基础上,采用BP(Back-Propagation)人工神经网络模型和遗传算法GA(GeneticAlgorithm),建立了一种船舶螺旋桨优化设计方法。BP人工神经网络模型通过训练可以具备强大的非线性映射能力,以数学解析的形式,较好地提取了海量螺旋桨水动力性能数据特征;GA不依赖于问题的具体领域,对问题的种类有很强的鲁棒性,为计算机辅助船舶螺旋桨优化设计提供了一种通用的多参数优化框架。针对三体消波艇半浸式螺旋桨和沿海巡逻艇螺旋桨的设计实例表明,该方法能快速可靠地搜索到最优解,不仅具有足够的工程精度,而且实用方便,适用性强。     

基于CFD的内河船深浅水中操纵性预报

由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具.     

高速排水艇回转性能估算

建立并求解高速排水艇稳定回转的运动方程。对运动方程中裸船体和附体的水动力导数、舵作用力和力矩、多个螺旋桨对回转的影响等进行估算。并以120t级渔政船为例，进行稳定回转直径和横倾角的计算，并与实船的试航结果进行比较。     

基于IGA-BP算法的船舶航向智能自适应控制系统设计

在深入研究基于BP学习算法的前向神经网络以及模糊神经网络控制器的基础上,针对模糊神经网络控制器难以设计以及传统BP学习算法易于陷入局部收敛的不足,结合免疫遗传算法的全局收敛特性以及BP学习算法局部收敛的快速性,提出了一种基于混合计算智能方法的IGA-BP算法的神经网络参数的优化设计方法.将设计的控制器用于建立船舶航向控制系统模型,仿真结果表明,在船舶无干扰和存在随机干扰的情况下,基于IGA-BP算法设计的船舶航向控制系统均能使船舶转向控制无超调,跟踪快,比BP学习算法的控制效果更理想.     

船舶操纵水动力导数的数值求解及敏感度分析

[目的]为了兼顾船舶操纵运动预报的成本与精度,基于数值计算方法,结合水动力导数敏感度分析,提出一种船舶操纵运动预报方法.[方法]首先,求解RANS方程,应用流体体积(VOF)法捕捉自由液面,采用动态网格方法对DTMB 5415船型进行约束运动的数值计算,并将回归得到的线性水动力导数与试验值进行对比,验证数值方案的有效性...     

Finite-volume simulation of flows about a ship in maneuvering motion

A finite-volume method of computing the viscous flow field about a ship in maneuvering motion was developed. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equation discretized in the generalized boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system is solved numerically. A third-order upwind differencing scheme, a marker and cell (MAC)-type explicit time marching solution algorithm and a simplified subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model are adopted. The simulation method is formulated, including the movement of a computational grid fitted to the body boundary that allows computation of the flow field around a body under unsteady motion. To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, the accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the hull is important. Therefore, experimental methods of finding the hydrodynamic forces of a ship in maneuvering motion, such as the oblique towing test, the circular motion test (CMT) and planar motion mechanism (PMM) test, were established. Numerical simulation methods for those captive model experiments were developed introducing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, numerical methods for steady oblique tow and steady turn simulation were developed and then extended to unsteady forced motion. Simulations were conducted about several realistic hulls, and the results were verified by comparisons with measured results obtained in model experiments. Hydrodynamic forces and the moment, the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamic lateral force, and the pressure distribution on the hull surface showed good agreement.     

基于N-S方程的航行船舶辐射问题数值模拟

基于N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程,进行了航行船舶辐射问题的数值模拟,包括强制垂荡和强制纵摇的模拟.计算了船舶垂荡和纵摇的附加质量和阻尼.数值模拟中,控制方程--BANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)方程和连续性方程使用有限体积法离散,非线性自由面采用VOF方法处理.文中给出了以不同航速前进的船舶强制垂荡和纵摇的力与力矩,以及船舶垂荡和纵摇的附加质量系数和阻尼系数,并与DUT(Delft University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,二者吻合良好.     

基于支持向量回归机和粒子群算法的船舶操纵运动模型辨识

基于仿真的Z形试验数据,应用支持向量回归机对船舶操纵运动响应模型进行了机理建模,从核函数结构中得到了模型中的操纵性指数,并利用建立的响应模型进行了Z形试验的运动预报,同时引入粒子群算法对惩罚因子C值进行寻优,以减少惩罚因子C值选择的任意性对船舶操纵运动模型辨识精度产生的不利影响。通过将运动预报结果同仿真试验数据进行比较,验证了文中方法的有效性。     

基于遗传算法优化的小波神经网络对船舶受扰力及力矩建模预报

首先构造小波神经网络,建立船舶横向和纵向运动模型及其运动受扰力模型,采用小波神经网络对船舶受扰力建模预报,并用遗传算法对其进行优化,对预报结果进行分析比较,给出超前5秒、15秒的船舶运动受扰力与力矩预报结果.     

基于MySQL和BP神经网络的船舶焊接专家库软件研发

为提高船舶焊接试验过程中的工艺实施效率,研发一种基于MySQL和反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络的船舶焊接专家库软件。该软件由专家数据库、报表生成器、热输入值预测机、人机交互界面、通信接口组成,基于MySQL开发焊接专家数据库,基于BP神经网络设计热输入值预测机,具备自动坡口图生成、自动焊接工艺规范(Welding Procedure Specification, WPS)生成、自动专家经验数据存取等自动化功能,具备智能热输入值预测等智能功能。实船焊接试验结果表明,该软件可满足实船焊接试验需求,快速存取专家经验数据,提高焊接试验过程效率。     

船体在波浪中的非线性水动压力

本文提出了一个预报船体在波浪中大幅运动时非线性水动压力场的二维时域理论。船体扰动势用时域自由面格林函数和在入射波下的瞬时湿表面上的分布源求解;与非线性水动压力场相匹配的船体运动用差分法求得。为提高计算效率和避免数值过程发散,采用了改进的数值模型和方案。通过线性理论计算与模型试验结果的比较,指出了线性切片理论在预报水动压力场时的不足,水动压力与波高的非线性关系及正负水动压力沿船体表面的分布在Wigley船的计算比较中得到了说明。初步计算表明,该理论的实用化发展前景是令有鼓舞的。相应的计算机程序可在PC机上运行。     

基于自适应变异 PSO-BP算法的船舶横摇运动预测

为了准确高效预测船舶在海上的航行状态,以保证人员、货物和船舶的安全,提出一种自适应变异的粒子群优化算法（self-adapting particle swarm optimization algorithm,SAPSO）,将该算法与误差反传（back propaga-tion,BP）神经网络结合。SAPSO-BP预测模型使用SAPSO算法优化BP网络的网络参数。克服传统BP神经网络对初始权值阈值敏感,容易陷入局部极小值的缺点,同时也克服了传统PSO算法早熟收敛、搜索准确度低及迭代效率低等缺点。运用该模型对科研教学船“育鲲”轮在海上航行的横摇情况进行实时预测实验,验证该方法的可行性与有效性具有较高的预测精度。     

Manoeuvring characteristics of twin-rudder systems: rudder-hull interaction effect on the manoeuvrability of twin-rudder ships

With a recent increase in ship capacity and propulsion performance, a wide-beam ship fitted with a twin-rudder system has been adopted in many cases. However, to improve ship manoeuvring, it is still necessary to have a better understanding of rudder-hull interactions in twin-rudder ships. Captive model tests (oblique towing and circular motion test) as well as free-running tests with a single-propeller twin-rudder ship and a twin-propeller twin-rudder ship are carried out. The effect of drift angle on the rudder forces and some peculiar phenomena concerning rudder normal force for twin-rudder ships are evaluated. A method for estimating the hull-rudder interaction coefficients based on free-running experimental results is proposed.     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

一种船舶运动和载荷响应的非线性预报方法

首先采用半解析的方法得到时域水动力系数,并给出一些数值计算时实用性的建议,然后计及瞬时湿表面变化引起的非线性恢复力和入射波力并在时间域内计算运动方程,最后对实船进行了运动和载荷预报,数值结果与模型试验数据对比表明,载荷非线性要比运动非线性明显;采用的计及非线性影响的预报方法是切实可行的。     

基于电子海图的船舶操纵仿真器

本文主要介绍最近研制的由微机、高分辨率显示器、图形卡、操纵控制箱等组成的基于电子海图船舶操纵仿真器的两个主要技术──船舶操纵数学模型和电子海图技术，最后还介绍了该仿真器在航海实际中的一个应用．在数学模型中，考虑到航海实际的需要，提出了一个适合常速、低速和大漂角等各种情况的水动力计算模型以及四象限舵力和浆力的算法．另外，考虑了浅水、岸壁、风、流、浪的影响及附属操纵设备──拖轮、缆绳、锚链等对船舶的作用．本仿真器的电子海图装置，不仅能实时显示船舶所在海域的海图，动态显示船舶的二维俯视图象及运动姿态、航行轨迹，还可根据需要选择性地放大、缩小海图、显示各种岸基设施，并且可以记录模拟过程中的各种数据，制作航迹图的硬拷贝以及在显示器上再现，以供分析研究．