点蚀损伤板在复杂受力状态下的极限强度研究

采用非线性有限元软件模拟船底板单面点腐蚀,通过对边缘载荷系数比、蚀坑分布、直径、深度的改变,经过一系列的数值计算分析,结果表明横向载荷和侧压对板的极限强度影响不可忽略,计算板的极限承载能力时需要考虑计及侧压与横向载荷。在复杂受力状态下,就单考虑蚀坑深度时,板表面的蚀坑深度在0~0.5t区间变化时,极限强度相应的折减率比大于1/2板厚时更大,极限强度对蚀坑深度更加敏感。腐蚀面积不能有效表征腐蚀程度,当DOP系数相同时,点蚀后板的最小横截面决定了极限强度的大小。     

含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending

Corrosion pits with a circular cone shape are typically observed on coated hold frames of aged bulk carriers which carry exclusively coal and iron ore. In order to ensure the safety of these types of bulk carrier, it is necessary to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on the local strength of hold frames. In order to investigate this effect, a series of nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses has been performed with pitted plates subjected to in-plane compressive loads and bending moments. It has been shown that the ultimate compression load or bending moment of pitted plates is smaller than that of uniformly corroded plates in terms of average thickness loss, and that predictions of the ultimate strength using the average thickness loss at the minimum cross section would be conservative. In order to establish a method of evaluating strength reduction due to pitting corrosion, it is important to identify the failure mode that would be most detrimentally affected by pitting corrosion. It was found that the reduction of the ultimate compressive load or bending moment due to pitting corrosion is smaller than that of the tensile strength in terms of equivalent thickness.     

均匀受压含裂纹损伤加筋板的极限承载能力分析

  目的  长期服役于恶劣海洋环境中的船舶与海洋工程结构,不可避免地会产生裂纹和点蚀,这些损伤会对结构的极限承载能力产生较大影响。为探讨裂纹、点蚀同时存在时对结构承载能力的影响,  方法  采用非线性有限元法开展含裂纹、点蚀损伤的加筋板在轴向压载作用下的极限强度研究。在讨论网格尺寸对含裂纹、点蚀损伤加筋板极限强度影响的基础上,开展裂纹点蚀坑相对位置、点蚀数目、裂纹长度对含裂纹、点蚀损伤加筋板剩余极限强度的影响。  结果  计算结果表明,裂纹长度、点蚀的增加会使加筋板的剩余极限强度下降明显。  结论  这些结果可用于指导全寿期船舶与海洋工程结构的设计与维护。     

考虑点腐蚀影响的海洋钢结构剩余极限强度研究进展

为得到考虑点腐蚀影响的海洋钢结构剩余强度研究领域的发展趋势,本文对国内外该领域公开发表的文章进行综述,根据本文的研究可以发现:由于海洋钢结构的大尺度和复杂性,数值模拟已成为受蚀船体结构剩余强度的主要研究方法,但模拟结构的有效性仍需进一步检验;对于点腐蚀,就研究参数而言,长细比、DOP、体积损失是学者们最为关注的指标,但对点蚀板强度缺少时变可靠性研究;计算模型中都缺乏对焊接残余应力的考虑。本文所做的研究可为该领域下一步研究方向提供参考。     

考虑点腐蚀影响的海洋钢结构剩余极限强度研究进展

为得到考虑点腐蚀影响的海洋钢结构剩余强度研究领域的发展趋势,本文对国内外该领域公开发表的文章进行综述,根据本文的研究可以发现:由于海洋钢结构的大尺度和复杂性,数值模拟已成为受蚀船体结构剩余强度的主要研究方法,但模拟结构的有效性仍需进一步检验;对于点腐蚀,就研究参数而言,长细比、DOP、体积损失是学者们最为关注的指标,但对点蚀板强度缺少时变可靠性研究;计算模型中都缺乏对焊接残余应力的考虑.本文所做的研究可为该领域下一步研究方向提供参考.     

破损船体极限强度非线性有限元分析

本文基于通用有限元系统,结合船体破损机理和初始缺陷处理方法,建立船体极限强度非线性有限元分析的完整框架.利用对水面舰船和双壳油船极限强度模型试验的比较验证,合理解决非线性有限元分析的关键技术,并对完整和破损船体极限强度进行非线性有限元法分析.然后,在模型试验和非线性有限元分析的基础上提出面向设计的适合破损船体和双向弯曲状态的船体极限强度分析的改进解析方法.     

水下爆炸载荷作用下舰船结构极限强度研究

在对水下爆炸载荷作用下典型舰船结构损伤研究的基础上,分析了塑性变形和各种破口形状尺寸等受损情况下Nishihara箱形梁的极限强度,得出结论:有破口的箱形梁未必比有塑性变形的极限强度小,若中剖面破口长度相等,则破口面积越大极限强度越小。利用NAPA软件建立典型舰船的模型得出设计载荷并导入MSC.Patran划分网格、定义属性并施加载荷与边界条件,运用MSC.Dytran模拟水下爆炸载荷高瞬态非线性分析,通过MSC.Nastran与工程软件MARS对该模型进行极限强度非线性分析对比,提出了一种对真实爆炸损伤状态下的舰船结构极限强度计算方法,证明其运用于结构设计校核极限强度的有效性和安全性。     

基于船冰碰撞的含凹陷损伤加筋板极限强度研究

为研究基于船冰碰撞的含凹陷损伤加筋板的极限强度,结合Derradji-Aouat各向同性三维失效准则和弹脆性破坏模式,提出基于线弹性的多表面失效海冰本构模型。利用Ls-dyna二次开发技术,编译生成相应的求解器。通过与球形冰撞击刚性板和柱形冰撞击船体舷侧板架仿真对比分析,验证了基于线弹性多表面失效海冰动力本构模型更加适用于船冰碰撞问题的研究。利用Ls-dyna模拟海冰与船体加筋板碰撞,并将含凹陷损伤加筋板模型导入Ansys中进行加筋板剩余极限强度的计算,得到考虑凹陷影响的加筋板极限强度。结果表明,凹陷对加筋板极限强度的衰减主要体现在凹陷面积,并且凹陷面积和深度对加筋板极限强度的衰减作用随着面积和深度的增加而逐步减弱。     

Computation of ultimate strength of locally corroded unstiffened plates under uniaxial compression

Over the past decades there have been many losses of the merchant vessels due to either accidents or exposure to large environmentally induced forces. The potential for the structural capability-degrading effects of both corrosion and fatigue induced cracks are of profound importance and must be both fully understood and reflected in vessel's inspection and maintenance programme. The present study is focused on assessing the effects of localized pitting corrosion which concentrates at one or several possibly large area on the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. Over 256 nonlinear finite element analyses (FEA) of panels with various locations and sizes of pitting corrosion have been carried out. The multi-variable regression method is applied to derive new formulae to predict ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with localized corrosion. The results indicate that the length, breadth and depth of pit corrosion have weakening effects on the ultimate strength of the plates while plate slenderness has only marginal effect on strength reduction. Transverse location of pit corrosion is also an important factor determining the amount of strength reduction. When corrosion spreads transversely on both edges, it has the most deteriorating effect on strength. It was also found out that the proposed formulae can accurately predict the ultimate strength of unstiffened plate with localized corrosion.     

Experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a box girder subjected to severe corrosion

The objective of this paper is to describe the experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a uniform bending moment resulting from four-point loading. Three box girders that could simulate the behaviour of midship sections have been deteriorated in corrosive seawater environment to simulate different levels of corrosion degradation of ageing ship structures. During the deterioration process, various parameters have been controlled and the total weight lost was registered. Corroded plate thicknesses have been measured in 212 points and a statistical analysis has been performed. The resulting corrosion wastage has been fitted by a non-linear time variant degradation model. The experimental results of the ultimate strength test of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a four-point loading have been analysed. The load-displacement and moment-curvature relationship is discussed, different failure modes are identified, and the strain gauges readings are analysed.     

船舶结构极限强度可靠性分析方法研究

针对船舶总纵极限强度极限状态方程不能以显式表达的实际情况，提出采用响应面与映射变换相结合的方法展开船舶总纵强度可靠性分析，指出相关随机变量在正态化前后相关系数的差异应予以考虑，并应用于实际船舶的计算，验证了理论的合理性。     

腐蚀疲劳作用下的船舶极限强度可靠性分析

由于腐蚀和疲劳的综合作用,船舶舯横剖面模数随时间减少,造成船体结构承载能力降低。本文通过对腐蚀和疲劳作用的定量分析,提出一种船体结构可靠性的计算方法。建立随时间变化的腐蚀、疲劳及剖面模数的模型,并通过一阶二次矩法计算船体瞬时可靠性,得出了船舶全寿命期内舯横剖面的剖面模数、可靠性指标随时间的变化曲线。     

基于显式算法的船体梁极限强度非线性有限元分析

通常,在船体梁极限强度非线性有限元分析中一般采用隐式算法,但相比显式算法,其收敛性较差且计算效率不高。为此本文介绍显式算法与隐式算法的区别,并采用2种算法对Nishihara箱型梁的极限强度进行对比计算,两者结果吻合较好。基于显式算法,本文对Dow试验模型的极限强度进行非线性有限元分析,结果表明该算法具有良好的精度,可以用于船体梁极限强度分析,为船舶结构设计提供参考。     

腐蚀裂纹损伤下船舶管路抗冲击时变剩余强度研究

舰艇管路系统对冲击载荷作用非常敏感,遭受冲击载荷后通常会引起管路系统应力或变形过大而破坏,而裂纹和腐蚀作为常见的一种损伤缺陷导致结构承载力下降,降低管路系统的使用寿命.因此针对典型管路系统管路段,建立仿真精度较高的典型管路有限元模型,对典型管路系统管抗冲击性能进行分析;根据仿真分析结果,确定管路结构强度的薄弱节点或分段(称之为关键节点或关键结构)作为裂纹扩展的初始点.基于管路系统腐蚀和裂纹的发展规律和有限元计算方法,建立管路系统时变剩余强度预报模型,发展一种分别计及腐蚀、裂纹2种因素作用下,舰艇管路系统在三向冲击载荷作用下剩余强度的计算方法和实现流程.在此基础上,分别研究裂纹损伤、腐蚀损伤在不同服役年限下冲击载荷对舰艇管路时变剩余强度的影响规律.     

腐蚀裂纹损伤下船舶管路抗冲击时变剩余强度研究

舰艇管路系统对冲击载荷作用非常敏感,遭受冲击载荷后通常会引起管路系统应力或变形过大而破坏,而裂纹和腐蚀作为常见的一种损伤缺陷导致结构承载力下降,降低管路系统的使用寿命。因此针对典型管路系统管路段,建立仿真精度较高的典型管路有限元模型,对典型管路系统管抗冲击性能进行分析;根据仿真分析结果,确定管路结构强度的薄弱节点或分段(称之为关键节点或关键结构)作为裂纹扩展的初始点。基于管路系统腐蚀和裂纹的发展规律和有限元计算方法,建立管路系统时变剩余强度预报模型,发展一种分别计及腐蚀、裂纹2种因素作用下,舰艇管路系统在三向冲击载荷作用下剩余强度的计算方法和实现流程。在此基础上,分别研究裂纹损伤、腐蚀损伤在不同服役年限下冲击载荷对舰艇管路时变剩余强度的影响规律。     

Geometric modelling of bulbous bows with the use of non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces

Nowadays, bulbous bow forms have become a common design feature in most conventional ship designs. The design of a bulbous bow is usually attempted with the use of certain form parameters that are imposed using the designer's experience or regression values that provide the optimum parameters based on experimental tests or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. In this article, the geometric modelling of a bulbous bow form that complies with a series of parameters is presented. First, a wire model was constructed with cubic B-spline curves that hold certain form parameters that the designer wants to impose. Second, a B-spline surface that fits these splines was mathematically constructed. A review of the influence of the design parameters used on the bulbous bow properties was made. This method could be used prior to numerical optimization of a bulbous bow because different variations of the design can be easily generated. These variations can be tested numerically using CFD software. A practical application example of the method is shown.     

屈强比对裂纹板极限强度的影响

工程上很重要的具有小裂纹板的极限强度却没有得到研究者的重视。文章首先对不同屈强比具有中心穿透裂纹的板进行了系列弹塑性有限元计算,结果表明板的极限强度随裂纹长度的衰减趋势可以分为两个阶段,而这两个阶段的范围并不是固定的,它们与板材的屈强比有着密切的联系。然后详细讨论了双向加载对裂纹板极限强度的影响,并对这些现象进行了合理解释。最后对这些计算结果进行了回归得到经验计算公式并将公式计算结果与实验结果及有限元结果进行比较,表明文中提出的公式具有较好的精度。     

含裂纹损伤的舱段剩余极限强度研究

在船舶服役过程中船体结构经常会受到外部载荷因素产生裂纹,而降低船舶结构的承载能力。一直以来船舶研究者对含裂纹结构的强度研究都很重视。随着船舶设计理念的不断更新和船舶建造材料的突破,有关船舶上裂纹损伤的研究也越来越多。本文使用有限元分析方法以舱段结构为研究对象,考虑结构尺寸和裂纹特征的影响,开展含裂纹损伤的舱段剩余极限强度研究,获得了相关结论。根据得到的有限元结果,基于准牛顿法(BFGS)和通用全局优化法,提出了在弯曲、扭转荷载分别作用下考虑厚度影响的含裂纹损伤下的舱段结构剩余极限强度评估公式,为具有缺陷情况下的舰船用舱段结构剩余极限强度提供评估依据。