Analysis of Ocean-Space and Sea-Level Rise Policy in Two Coastal Cities

Global sea-level rise (SLR) is among the most alarming aspects of anthropogenic climate change. The human impacts of SLR are experienced unequally between and within municipalities. Existing research has identified social variables that predict municipal adoption of adaptive SLR policy, but this work does not account for the locally specific social factors that shape particular policies to fit particular cases. This study describes social conceptions of the ocean and SLR policy for two coastal cities in western Washington: Aberdeen and Bainbridge Island. Examining conceptions of marine spaces provides insight into the complex process by which local physical and socio-demographic characteristics shape local policy. The study uses a grounded theoretical approach to content analyses, resulting in localized typologies of marine spaces as well as SLR policy profiles for each case. Results indicate that municipalities vary by both social conception of the ocean and SLR policy form. These findings elaborate upon the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and municipal climate change policy adoption, suggesting that in local media and policy discourse, the absence of relevant resources is related to adversarial conceptions of local marine spaces, while abundance of relevant resources is associated with a conception of marine spaces as natural resources.     

Governing Coastal Spaces: The Case of Disappearing Science in Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Scientific knowledge is central to “good” governance of coastal spaces: developing methods through which the complexities of the coastal zone can be understood by stakeholders to improve the sustainable management of coastal systems. Enhancing our knowledge of the range of processes that shape coastal spaces and define the total behavioural environment of the system remains a primary challenge for the coastal research community. However, this article raises the argument that current approaches to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)—the preferred governing framework for the coastal environment, do not give sufficient emphasis to this fundamental need. Improving the basic scientific knowledge that underpins policymaking at the coast is argued to be urgently needed. Issues such as that of developing a communality of the purpose and approach between stakeholders within the coastal zone (through conflict resolution and access to information, for example) seem to claim the rights of the integrated management research agenda. However, the very nature of ICZM as “worthwhile coastal management” requires that integrated management represents more than a governing framework. Successful integration in coastal management must also be underpinned by knowledge of the integrated behavior of the system. Science has an increasingly marginalized position within ICZM and as a result geographers, contributing knowledge of the patterns and processes of the human and environmental landscapes, are also becoming a disappearing breed in integrated coastal management.     

机舱平台附近居住舱室自噪声特性分析

基于统计能量法,建立某型船全船舱室统计能量法计算分析模型,分析振动激励源和空气激励源对于机舱平台附近居住舱室噪声特性的影响,得到了主要的噪声激励源及其分布位置,并讨论了不同位置的激励源对机舱附近居住舱室噪声的贡献量大小。研究结果表明:不同位置的振动激励源对机舱平台附近居住舱舱室噪声贡献量也不一样,离考核舱室越近的振动激励源对其舱室噪声的贡献量越大,通过对比降噪方案,得到一种机舱平台附近居住舱室噪声最优化的减振降噪方法。     

非紧空间上的局部熵的变分原理

文中主要对拓扑动力系统中关于非紧空间上的熵的理论和紧致空间局部熵的理论进行了分析和研究。结合这两种熵的变分原理，文中得到了关于在特定映射下局部拓扑熵的性质和非紧空间上局部熵的变分原理：hμ（ T， U ）＝htop（T，U）。     

大陆与台湾通航的客船船型初步分析

分析论证适用于大陆和台湾通航的客船船型。首先预测未来几年台湾与大陆之间往来的客流量及其流向 ,提出拟开辟台—闽间的海峡航线和基隆—上海航线。针对台闽间的海峡航线 ,在列举台湾海峡历年风浪情况的基础上 ,在作技术性能和经济效益综合评估后 ,建议采用 6种复合型高速船型。接着就 6种船型作营运经济估算及其排序 ,作变客位、车位的比较 ,变航速的比较 ,以及与常规客船船型的比较。结论是 :从技术和经济性角度考虑 ,双体气垫船和双体穿浪船较好 ;从客流量和货载量考虑 ,高速客船和常规客船按 5 0 0客位、4 5 - 10 0辆车位设计已能满足要求。从航速考虑 ,宜采用 4 0kn的客船。最后还就适用于基隆—上海航线的船型作简略探讨 ,提出宜采用集装箱—客船和客—滚装船     

基于MSC.Patran的舱室识别程序开发

针对船舶结构强度规范校核时对舱室空间的边界单元自动识别的需要,对有限元模型空间识别方法进行讨论,以Patran为开发平台,使用PCL语言,基于"切分拼接"的思想开发出舱室空间识别程序,所开发的舱室识别程序能够准确地识别出舱室的边界网格单元。     

U.S. Fishery Management Councils as Ecosystem-Based Management Policy Takers and Policymakers

The United States has a new national ocean policy that adopts ecosystem-based management (EBM) as its first principle for managing U.S. ocean spaces and marine resources. However, U.S. laws that govern the uses of ocean spaces present a challenging tangle of authorities and mandates that do not easily facilitate ecosystem-based policies. For over 30 years, U.S. marine fisheries management has been guided by eight Regional Fishery Management Councils. Working under the many laws that guide setting stewardship priorities for ocean ecosystems, councils provide the Federal Government with advice on fisheries harvest levels, fish habitat protections, and fishing community needs. Implementing EBM for any ocean ecosystem requires a careful examination of the laws and policy processes that affect human interaction with that ecosystem. This article explores the U.S. perspective on federal ecosystem-based fisheries management, its part in U.S. national ocean policy, and how fishery management councils might position themselves as both EBM policymakers and policy takers for ocean resource management.     

考虑平台作用的顶张式立管动力分析

上层浮式平台的运动幅度比固定式平台大,对立管的影响更明显.为了解平台对顶张式立管动力的影响,提出一种动力分析方法.在一定的条件下建立立管的数学模型,采用软件Tube2D对平台和立管进行动力响应和弯曲应力分析,得到考虑平台作用的立管扶正器布置间距参数的敏感性和立管弯曲应力的变化.结果表明:对于考虑平台作用的立管模型而言,...     

Toward More Integrated Ocean Governance in Massachusetts: A Progress Report

The U.K. government is committed to establishing a coherent network of marine protected areas by 2012 and the recent Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009 will designate marine conservation zones and provide wider access rights to the coast. To fulfill these goals, this article argues the need for a clearer, shared understanding of the social value of protected areas in creating new designations and managing existing ones. Although marine and coastal environments attract many people and are vitally important in terms of realized and potential social value, the majority of the public in the United Kingdom lacks understanding and awareness regarding them. Combined with this, the social value of marine and coastal protected areas (MCPAs) have been largely ignored relative to conservation and economics, with the latter invariably taking precedence in environmental policymaking. Social value reflects the complex, individual responses that people experience in a given place. Many reasons determine why one area is valued above another, and this research investigates the social value of MCPAs from a practitioner's perspective through a series of interviews. Understanding why we “socially” value MCPAs will ultimately equip managers with an informed understanding of these spaces, influence management decisions, and, potentially, policymaking. This article defines social value in the context of MCPAs in England and Wales from a practitioner perspective, explores key concepts, and suggests possible improvements in decision-making.     

Hydrodynamic forces on a two-dimensional multihull structure in waves: application of the scattering matrix theory

The diffraction and radiation problems of a two dimensional multihull structure were investigated by application of the scattering matrix theory. The scattering matrix theory is widely used to analyze wave interaction problems in various scientific fields. The research is focused on the zeros of the wave exciting force near resonance, which occurs both in the diffraction problem and the radiation problem. At the zeros of the wave exciting force, the wave exciting force for the overall structure is zero, but each demihull undergoes wave excitation. At near-resonant frequencies, the amplitude of the traveling wave between adjacent demihulls becomes very large and the demihulls experience very large wave forces. A number of simple equations for representing the hydrodynamic properties of the multihull structure at the zeros and near-resonant frequencies are obtained. Numerical examples show that these simple equations well explain the hydrodynamic forces and the wave system in the spaces between the demihulls.     

“If I Walked on my Own at Night I Stuck to Well Lit Areas.” Gendered spaces and urban transport in 20th century Britain

Using photographs, this paper explores the gendered link between transport and the urban environment. It becomes apparent that moving around in urban spaces is an experience which is or can be fundamentally different for women and men. From pictures I conclude that a historical analysis of gender and urban transport ought to be a straightforward task to undertake: women are clearly visible in the visual record of the transport environment. However, a look at the historiography shows that research on gendering the city mostly deals with workplaces, women’s employment, class and race segregation in urban areas, welfare programmes specially designed to helped women, urban housing and marginalisation of women, housewives, healthcare, homeless women and politics. Gender and transport is hardly to be found: how women move and moved through urban space has not received sustained attention. Further, the main body of scholarly texts lacks in historical concern, stemming from such diverse disciplines as sociology, geography, economic and political sciences, women’s studies and planning.     

H－120型防火防爆气动移门的设计及其在海洋平台上的应用

按照船级社近海工程入级规范要求,海洋作业平台危险区域处的封闭机械处所通常需要满足气密、海洋石油工业防火等级、防爆、风雨密、隔音等要求,甚至供作业人员进出的门也要满足此要求。目前,按照国内船舶标准制作的门,尚无法满足上述规范要求。该文根据“挪威NORSOK标准”和“DNV近海工程入级规范”,对H-120型防火防爆气动移门的设计进行研究,并结合实际项目给出了其在海洋平台危险区域机械处所的应用设想与具体方法,为国内同类产品生产厂家提供思路,从而更好地适应海洋工程的发展趋势。     

双体船阻力性能研究

本文根据１２艘双体船船模变化其片体间距所得到的静水阻力试验资料，运用统计分析方法，得到估算双体船阻力数学模型和相应的图谱。该图谱主要自变量控制空间为５．０≤Ｌ／１／２。     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

二维装箱问题的遗传算法求解

通过分析人工排列的思考过程和实际经验,提出一种解决二维规则物体排列问题的算法.通过计算可放置点和可放置空间,高效解决物块的排列问题.应用遗传算法,求得最优的排列方案.实际应用证明了该算法的有效性.     

Risk assessment for fire safety considering characteristic evacuees and smoke movement in marine fires

In the safety design of marine systems, the matter of human life in the event of a marine fire must be considered. It may be difficult to establish a safe evacuation system because a characteristic behavioral pattern based on human factors is elusive. This study consists of three analyses on (1) the state of smoke diffusion, calculated by the use of a two-layer zone model, (2) evacuation movements, simulated by a group behavioral model, and considering the occurrence of panic and the smoke spreading phase, and (3) the risk index for safety assessment using the results of smoke diffusion and escape movements. This risk index can be used for comparisons between various safety systems, and its validity is confirmed by an evacuation model of common spaces on a typical cruise ship.     

Automatic interior space arrangement of mid-sized superyachts using a constraint-based genetic algorithm

The interior of superyachts is either designed by an expert or modeled on previous layouts that have been successfully designed. Changing one arrangement to the other is challenging and has not been tried without the buyer’s request, mostly dissuaded by the current manual design procedure. In this work, an approach to determine the interior space arrangement is introduced. Space arrangement is performed by considering various design constraints that are expressed in terms of numerical values such as space occupation, shapes of spaces, and distance of stairs connecting relevant spaces, and a combination of those. The genetic algorithm is adopted to yield the space arrangement formulated as an optimization problem containing multiple objectives. The solution to the space arrangement problem has proven that the designer is able to generate a specific result due to the degree of freedom allowed by the formulation. The proposed design approach has led to efficient layouts for general arrangement of mid-sized superyachts. These possible candidates help the designer to choose a right arrangement based on his or her design concept or intention, which will make the interior arrangement task much easier and faster.     

双燃料发动机电力推进LNG船可燃气体探测系统设计简介

详细介绍了双燃料发动机电力推进LNG船可燃气体探测系统设计的基本要求,包括可燃气体探头及取样管在不同区域的布置情况及数量要求。所述内容不仅涉及LNG船本身的要求,也覆盖了其他类型的液化气体运输船的相关要求。     

基于差分进化算法的自主式水下航行器在时变水下环境中的快速路径规划方法（英文）

Robust and efficient AUV path planning is a key element for persistence AUV maneuvering in variable underwater environments. To develop such a path planning system, in this study, differential evolution(DE) algorithm is employed. The performance of the DE-based planner in generating time-efficient paths to direct the AUV from its initial conditions to the target of interest is investigated within a complexed 3D underwater environment incorporated with turbulent current vector fields, coastal area,islands, and static/dynamic obstacles. The results of simulations indicate the inherent efficiency of the DE-based path planner as it is capable of extracting feasible areas of a real map to determine the allowed spaces for the vehicle deployment while coping undesired current disturbances, exploiting desirable currents, and avoiding collision boundaries in directing the vehicle to its destination. The results are implementable for a realistic scenario and on-board real AUV as the DE planner satisfies all vehicular and environmental constraints while minimizing the travel time/distance, in a computationally efficient manner.     

吴淞口邮轮码头交通组织设计

采用车道边论证方法进行吴淞口邮轮码头的交通组织设计,对极端工况下的车流量进行了定量分析,得出引桥交通量及码头面上的车位布置数等重要交通组织参数。并通过仿真方法证明交通组织方案的合理、有效,与理论计算互为补充。