带曲面涡产生器的管片式换热器阻力特性实验研究

涡产生器可装在管片式散热器的翅片表面,是一较好的强化传热粗糙元.但目前的研究主要集中在对平直涡产生器的研究,对曲面涡产生器的研究非常少.以空气为工质,分别对3种不同管间距的光板板芯及对应装有不同高度曲面涡产生器的板芯在不同板间距时的空气流动阻力做了实验研究.实验结果表明:在不同管间距、板间距时,板芯装涡产生器阻力系数均比光板板芯的阻力系数大,并且在低雷诺数时的增幅比较大,随着雷诺数的提高,阻力系数逐渐降低并趋于平缓,且阻力系数增幅大大减少.     

不同计算方法所得扁管直翅换热器翅片肋效率的比较

采用数值计算方法对翅片管管片式换热器的肋效率进行了计算和分析,研究扁管肋片厚度、导热系数等因素对肋效率的影响,得出翅片管管片在局部换热系数和平均换热系数下,肋效率的对比分析.     

错排环布圆管翅片式换热板芯的计算研究

运用数值模拟的方法对错排环布圆管翅片式换热板芯进行了研究,在300＜Re＜4 800的范围内对几种结构的速度场、温度场、局部Nu数分布、横向(即各圆周横截面上的)平均Nu数分布进行了比较分析.同时也对横向平均Nu数随Re数的变化,以及它与管排数的关系进行了研究,为该结构与直排圆管翅片式换热板芯作比较提供了理论依据,并对此结构的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

汽车管芯式散热器的热力特性

对管芯式散热器试件进行传热与阻力试验研究,得出在一定雷诺数范围内管芯式散热器试件的空气侧对流换热系数和阻力系数的准则关系式,理论计算值与试验值的最大相对误差为6.61%.并分析得出水管排数对散热器试件换热性能和空气阻力的影响关系.     

Design and Combustion Characteristic Analysis of Free Piston Stirling Engine External Combustion System

The free piston Stirling engine external combustion system was simulated to investigate the diesel-air combustion characteristics in order to demonstrate its feasibility by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The different effects on combustion were distinguished by analyzing the combustion burner, the injection position of diesel oil, the front tube arrangement of Stirling heater head and the back fin. The results show that the tilted front tube arrangement of the heater head with the back fin is the best practicable technology while the distance between the diesel nozzle position and the swirler top is 0. Its total heat flux is 15.6 kW, and the average heat transfer coefficients of the front and back tubes are 127W/(m² · K) and 192W/(m² · K), respectively. The heat transfer is mainly through convection, and the proportion of radiative heat transfer is only 16.9%. The best combustion efficiency of the free piston Stirling engine external combustion system is 86%.     

顺排圆管涡产生器式强化传热板芯凝结实验研究

以280柴油机中冷器为研究对象,应用涡产生器式强化传热机理,对顺排圆管涡产生器式强化板芯的4种不同片间距试件的传热与阻力特性进行了凝结实验研究,比较了凝结实验结果和传热/传质比拟实验结果.研究获得了顺排圆管涡产生器式强化芯板的性能指标,结果表明:萘升华传热/传质比拟实验结果与真实的换热板芯凝结实验结果非常接近.     

后张预应力混凝土梁管道摩阻测试研究

介绍了预应力管道摩阻损失的测试原理与测试方法,结合后张预应力混凝土简支梁和连续梁的管道摩阻实测结果,用最小二乘原理识别管道摩阻系数和偏差系数,分析了测试方法的合理性和试验结果的可靠性。探讨目前长束单端张拉中,在千斤顶行程不足的情况下,准确获得预应力钢束中预张力的方法,并将实测结果与设计和施工规范要求进行了对比分析,得出了一些有价值的结论。     

柴油机散热器的散热性能比较

通过实验及计算得到散热器传热系数的实验值及理论值,对平片型平直翅片管散热器、螺旋形翅片圆管散热器与整体式梳状翅片管散热器在同一工况下的散热性能进行了比较.通过实验导出平片型平直翅片管散热器和整体式梳状翅片管散热器的气侧传热因子二次拟合式.由二次拟合式计算出的2种散热器的传热系数与理论计算系数相比误差较小.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGERS

Inthethermodynamicdesignofplate finheatexchangers,itisgenerallyassumedthattheinletfluidisuniformlydividedamongallthe parallelpassagesinthewholeexchangercore .Inpractice ,however,flowmaldistributionexistspossiblybe causeoftheimproperstructure,imperfectdesign ,andflow passages[1 ] .Forplate finheatexchangers ,theflowmaldistributionnotonlycanresultinanobviousreductioninthemechanicalperformance ,butalsocauseasignificantdeteriorationofthether malperformance .Therefore ,theflowmaldistribu tionhasbec…     

船用螺旋隔板换热器的实验与数值模拟

以螺旋隔板换热器作船用润滑油冷却器,冷却水和润滑油分别在管程和壳程呈逆流流动,对船用螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器的传热与压降性能进行了实验研究,结果表明在壳程雷诺数相同条件下,三维翅片管的壳程努塞尔特准数是光滑管的2.1~2.8倍,而压降约为光滑管的2.2倍.同时,利用Fluent6.3软件对船用螺旋隔板三维翅片管和光滑管换热器的传热与压降性能进行数值模拟,结果表明螺旋流条件下三维翅片管与光滑管相比,具有更大的强化对流传热作用.对于船用螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器,壳程努塞尔特准数和压降的数值模拟结果与实验计算值吻合良好,最大偏差分别为6.6%和10%.     

基于桁梁实桥试验的钢管混凝土界面传力机制

为分析钢管混凝土桁梁桥的承载性能和钢-混凝土组合作用机理,进行了桁梁上、下弦钢管混凝土界面传力行为实桥试验和全桥板壳-实体有限元参数分析;以主跨71 m的简支半穿式钢桁梁桥为依托,沿其上、下弦杆节间长度范围内共布设102个应变测点,测试并分析了加载车作用下钢管轴向应变分布和钢-混凝土界面传力特征;采用ABAQUS软件建立了试验桥板壳-实体有限元模型,经实测挠度与应变数据验证模型的可靠性后,进行了界面连接状态、界面抗剪刚度、钢管厚度、管内混凝土强度等对钢管混凝土界面传力性能的参数影响分析。分析结果表明:钢管轴向应变分布规律可反映钢管混凝土界面传力的基本特征;钢管混凝土桁架上、下弦杆节点区域均出现界面剪力不均匀分布现象,钢-混凝土界面有效传力范围内钢管轴向应变呈负指数函数分布,其他区域钢管轴向应变保持不变;完全脱黏的钢管混凝土桁架弦杆的钢管轴向应变在节点一定范围内呈二次抛物线函数分布;钢管轴向应变因界面连接状态所表现出的不同应变分布规律和剪力传递长度可用于评价钢管混凝土组合作用强弱和界面工作状态;桁架弦杆的剪力传递长度随钢管厚度和管内混凝土强度的增加而增大,钢管厚度的影响更显著;在钢管混凝土桁架弦杆内设置抗剪连接件可缩短剪力传递长度。      

管壳式换热器强化传热研究进展

介绍了近年来国内外管壳式换热器强化传热的研究进展,并从强化传热机理出发,分析了管壳式换热器中的各种强化传热元件的结构特点、强化效果以及适应工况,提出了管壳式换热器强化传热的研究方向.     

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of NH_3-H_2O Falling Film Absorption on Inner Tube Surface with Low Solution Flow Rates

NH_3-H_2O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature(concentration) difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH_3-H_2O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

基于FLUENT的硅油减振器热片散热性能分析

散热片的散热性能好坏严重影响硅油减振器的使用寿命.利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,建立了硅油减振器散热片的三维模型,模型中将热场与流场进行了耦合;通过对散热片表面的温度分布特性、空气流动特性和散热率进行数值模拟,研究分析了散热片不同结构型式对其散热性能的影响.本文的分析方法可用于指导硅油减振器散热片的设计和选型.     

Coupled heat and mass transfer analysis of NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O falling film absorption on inner tube surface with low solution flow rates

NH₃-H₂O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature（concentration） difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH₃-H₂O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

回热器对跨临界CO2热泵系统性能的影响

为了研究跨临界CO2热泵热水系统中,回热器传热面积对系统性能的影响,在不同的制冷剂充注量条件下实验研究了CO2热泵系统的性能.实验中,通过调节变频压缩机频率与电子膨胀阀开启度,保持了一定的制热量与蒸发器出口过热度.实验结果表明:在最佳制冷剂充注量条件下,随着回热器传热面积的增加,压缩机的压缩比下降,排气温度与吸气温度上升.采用回热器可以提高系统的最大制热系数,当回热器的无量纲传热面积为0.2时,可使最大制热系数提高约3.2%～5.1%.     

航空发动机面式空气滑油散热器的性能分析

为了改进航空发动机在地面停机、起飞滑跑等工况下散热能力差的问题，利用发动机进气道作为传热表面设计了一款面式空气-滑油散热器，并基于4分块、7分块、直平面代替弧面等分区模拟的方法开展了其传热特性研究及分块模拟的等效性分析. 研究结果表明:采用4分块、7分块以及直平面代替弧面等条件下散热器和滑油温度分布及变化趋势都基本相似，且温度差都在1 K以内，通过滑油侧与空气侧计算出的单元散热器散热量偏差也都在5%以内；采用分区模拟进行大型面式散热器的散热特性分析以及采用“以直代曲”等方法模拟弧长与直径比在0.203以下的弧面具有可行性和可靠性.      

内燃机活塞-缸套系统减摩抗磨研究进展

总结了内燃机活塞-缸套系统摩擦磨损的研究成果, 从润滑油改良、表面改性、动力学特性方面综述了系统的减摩抗磨研究方法与技术的发展现状, 讨论了润滑模型、润滑添加剂、表面织构、缸套珩磨、表面涂层与动力学特性对系统减摩抗磨的影响, 分析了系统的摩擦磨损机理。研究结果表明: 活塞-缸套系统的润滑特性具有非线性特征, 润滑状态与添加剂对系统减摩抗磨有较大的影响, 系统润滑状态的不确定性导致多种润滑模型并存, 需进一步建立系统综合润滑模型, 同时需深入探讨润滑油添加剂最佳减磨剂量及减磨机理; 表面改性技术(表面织构、珩磨与涂层)可以大大减少系统表面的摩擦磨损, 由于织构位置分布、加工参数、加工工艺、表面形貌与涂层材料等对接触表面的影响, 表面改性技术减摩抗磨的综合发展相对缓慢, 需进一步研究表面改性减磨的机理与参数优化方法; 活塞-缸套系统的工作条件苛刻, 系统各部件的相互作用相互耦合, 深入探究动力学特性与摩擦磨损的演化规律关系相对困难, 仍需全面考量服役状态下动力学特性与摩擦磨损之间的关系; 未来内燃机整机性能的提高将迫使活塞-缸套系统需具备更高的减摩抗磨性能, 为实现系统经济性与节能减排的目标, 尚需进一步开展系统高效减摩技术。      

Two-phase flow pressure drop of liquid nitrogen boiling in the straight section downstream of U-bend

The gas-liquid(two-phase) flow pressure drop of liquid nitrogen boiling in the straight section downstream of U-bend is investigated experimentally. The mass flux ranges from 32 to 280 kg/(m2· s). The inlet pressure of U-tube is from 140 to 272 kPa. And the curvature ratio is from 6.67 to 15. The tube wall including the U-bend is heated uniformly and the heat flux ranges from 0 to 22 kW/m2. The tube with higher inlet pressure has higher pressure drop in the downstream section of the bend. The bended degree of the U-bend influences the pressure drop in the downstream straight section of U-bend. A new correlation taking the effect of the secondary flow into account is proposed for the two-phase slip speed ratio. The pressure drop in the straight section downstream of U-bend calculated by the new correlation agrees well with experimental measurements.     

Wall Thinning Characteristics of Ti-3Al-2.5V Tube in Numerical Control Bending Process

A finite element(FE) model for the numerical control(NC) bending of Ti-3 Al-2.5 V titanium alloy seamless tube is established, considering the variation in the contractile strain ratio(CSR) and elastic modulus(E). The wall thinning characteristics of Ti-3 Al-2.5 V tube under different geometric and process conditions were investigated. The results showed that the CSR-E variation can change the wall thickness, but has no remarkable effect on the change characteristics. The reasonable parameter ranges are as follows: a bending-radius range not less than 1.5 times the outer diameter, a bend angle up to 180?, and a mandrel extension of 0-3 mm. The friction coefficient between the pressure die and the tube should be in the range of 0.20-0.35, and between the bending die and the tube should be in the range of 0.05-0.15. As long as the performance meets the requirements, the relative push-assistant speed should be as small as possible.